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在能量为154—424 MeV/u 的高能区域, 研究了C6+离子轰击W靶时激发W的L壳层X射线. 本文中, 由于L X射线发射时M, N等外壳层处于多空穴的状态, 观测到了相应谱线能量的蓝移, 以及分支Lι, Lβ1,3,4, Lβ2,15与 Lα1,2 X射线相对强度比的增大. 另外, 利用优化的厚靶截面公式, 并考虑多电离对X射线荧光产额的影响, 计算了L X射线的发射截面, 并与平面玻恩近似(PWBA), 经能量损失(E)-库仑排斥(C)-稳态微扰(PSS)-相对论(R)修正的PWBA理论(ECPSSR)和两体碰撞近似(BEA)理论计算结果进行了对比. 分析表明, 在本实验能区内ECPSSR对PWBA的修正作用可以忽略, 两者计算结果几乎相同且均大于实验截面; BEA估算整体上与实验结果符合较好.The L-shell X-ray emission of tungsten is investigated under the bombardment of C6+ ions in a high energy range of 154—424 MeV/u. Compared with the atomic data, the energy of the X-ray is enlarged, and the relative intensity ratio of Lι, Lβ1,3,4 and Lβ2,15 to Lα1,2 X-rays are enhanced. The L-subshell and the total X-ray production cross section are calculated from a well corrected thick target formula and compared with the theoretical estimation of binary encounter approximation (BEA), plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) and ECPSSR (PWBA theory modified with Energy-loss, Coulomb-repulsion, Perturbed-Stationary-State and Relativistic corrections). On the whole, the experimental cross sections are all smaller than the prediction of PWBA and ECPSSR, but in rough agreement with that of BEA. It is indicated that the inner-shell ionization of W can be considered as a binary process between the high energy C6+ ions acting as a point charge and the independent target electrons. With the L-shell ionization, the outer-shells are multiply ionized. The multi-ionization degree is approximately regard as a constant in the present work. This leads the X-ray energy to be blueshifted and the relative intensity ratios of Lι and Lβ to Lα X-ray to be enhanced. Using the atomic parameters corrected by multi-ionization, the X-ray production cross section can be estimated by the BEA model.
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Keywords:
- high energy heavy ions /
- ion-atom collision /
- multiple ionization /
- X-ray
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图 2 不同能量C6+离子激发W的L壳层特征X射线谱, 以及质子激发谱
Fig. 2. W L-shell X-ray spectra induced by high energy C6+ ions with various incident energy, and compared with that induced by proton.
图 3 不同能量C6+激发W的Lβ1, 3, 4与Lα1, 2 X射线相对强度比
Fig. 3. Relative intensity ratios of W Lβ1, 3, 4 to Lα1, 2 X-ray induced by C6+ ions with various incident energy.
图 5 不同能量C6+激发W的Lι与Lα1, 2 X射线相对强度比
Fig. 5. Relative intensity ratios of W Lι and Lα1, 2 X-ray induced by C6+ ions with various incident energy.
图 4 不同能量C6+激发W的Lβ2, 15与Lα1, 2 X射线相对强度比
Fig. 4. Relative intensity ratios of W Lβ2, 15 and Lα1, 2 X-ray induced by C6+ ions with various incident energy.
图 6 C6+离子产生W的L X射线发射截面实验值, 以及不同的理论计算值
Fig. 6. L X-ray production cross section of W produced by high energy C6+ ions, and compared with various theoretical calculations.
表 1 不同能量C6+离子轰击产生W的L壳层分支X射线能量, 以及300 keV质子激发数据和单电离的原子数据[48,49]
Table 1. W L-subshell X-ray energies induced by high energy C6+ ions and 300 keV H+, and the atomic data [48,49].
Lι/eV Lα1, 2/eV Lβ1, 3, 4/eV Lβ2, 15/eV Lγ1/eV Lγ2, 3/eV Atomic 7387 8392 9673 9955 11285 11647 Proton 7383 ± 3 8390 ± 3 9677 ± 4 9959 ± 5 11289 ± 4 11649 ± 5 154 MeV/u 7508 ± 5 8472 ± 3 9750 ± 3 10041 ± 5 11363 ± 6 11794 ± 9 205 MeV/u 7497 ± 7 8438 ± 5 9711 ± 5 9999 ± 7 11349 ± 9 11743 ± 10 293 MeV/u 7495 ± 6 8446 ± 3 9718 ± 4 10017 ± 5 11343 ± 7 11767 ± 8 343 MeV/u 7493 ± 5 8432 ± 5 9708 ± 4 10005 ± 4 11336 ± 8 11746 ± 11 424 MeV/u 7503 ± 7 8440 ± 4 9712 ± 5 10007 ± 6 11346 ± 7 11749 ± 10 
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表 2 高能C6+离子激发W的L X射线发射截面
Table 2. Experimental results of W L-shell X-ray production cross section induced by high energy C6+ ions.
E/(MeV·u–1) Lι/(102 b) Lα/(103 b) Lβ1, 3, 4/(103 b) Lβ2, 15/(102 b) Lβ/(103 b) Lγ/(102 b) Ltotal/(103 b) 154 2.29 ± 0.39 2.58 ± 0.44 1.55 ± 0.26 7.41 ± 1.25 2.29 ± 0.39 5.48 ± 0.93 5.64 ± 0.96 205 1.56 ± 0.26 2.18 ± 0.37 1.22 ± 0.21 5.25 ± 0.89 1.74 ± 0.30 3.89 ± 0.66 4.47 ± 0.76 293 1.28 ± 0.22 1.79 ± 0.30 1.06 ± 0.18 4.56 ± 0.77 1.51 ± 0.26 3.10 ± 0.53 3.74 ± 0.64 343 1.24 ± 0.21 1.71 ± 0.29 1.07 ± 0.18 4.56 ± 0.77 1.52 ± 0.26 2.96 ± 0.50 3.68 ± 0.62 424 1.13 ± 0.19 1.63 ± 0.28 0.92 ± 0.16 4.44 ± 0.75 1.36 ± 0.23 2.70 ± 0.46 3.40 ± 0.57
下载: 导出CSV
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