电缆绝缘材料交联聚乙烯的老化及寿命调控

王江琼; 李维康; 张文业; 万宝全; 查俊伟

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240201

摘要

交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene, XLPE)因其优异的力学性能和绝缘性能广泛应用于电力电缆领域中, 但在高压电缆的运行过程中XLPE不可避免会受到电老化、热老化和电-热联合老化的影响, 使得材料的性能和寿命下降, 因此需要对XLPE的老化性能和使用寿命进行调控. 本文介绍了XLPE的结构特性和交联机理, 系统分析了其老化过程及影响机制, 并概述了接枝、共混和纳米粒子改性等调控策略, 同时基于寿命评估模型探究了XLPE因老化而导致的寿命衰减问题. 最后, 展望了调控XLPE电缆绝缘材料使用寿命策略的未来方向, 为XLPE电缆绝缘材料的进一步改进和长期稳定运行提供理论指导.

关键词:

Abstract

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used in the field of power cables due to its excellent mechanical properties and insulating properties. However, during the manufacturing of high voltage cables, XLPE will inevitably be affected by electrical aging, thermal aging and electro-thermal combined aging, which makes the resistance and life of the material decline. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the aging resistance of XLPE without affecting its mechanical properties and insulating properties, so as to extend its service life. In this work, the structural characteristics and cross-linking mechanism of XLPE are introduced, the aging process and influencing mechanism are systematically analyzed, and the life decay problems of XLPE due to aging are explored by using methods such as the temperature Arrhenius equation and the inverse power law of voltage. The improvement strategies such as grafting, blending, and nanoparticle modification can be used to enhance the thermal stability, antioxidant properties, and thermal aging resistance of XLPE, thereby extending its service life. Finally, the strategies of adjusting and controlling the service life of XLPE cable insulation materials in the future are discussed, which provide theoretical guidance for further improving long-term stable operation of XLPE cable insulation materials.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院, 北京材料基因工程高精尖创新中心, 北京　100083

2.
北京智慧能源研究院, 北京　102211

3.
北京科技大学顺德创新学院, 佛山　528300

通信作者: 李维康, li_weikang@sina.cn ; 查俊伟, zhajw@ustb.edu.cn

基金项目: 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(批准号: 2022A1515240005)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

2.
Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Beijing 102211, China

3.
Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528300, China

Corresponding author: Li Wei-Kang, li_weikang@sina.cn ; Zha Jun-Wei, zhajw@ustb.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China (Grant No. 2022A1515240005).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 (a) PE的分子结构; XLPE的(b)分子结构和(c)相结构^[19]

Fig. 1. (a) Molecular structure of PE; (b) molecular structure and (c) phase structure of XLPE^[19].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 XLPE的密度、比热、热扩散率和导热系数随老化时间的变化^[23]

Fig. 2. Variation of density, specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of XLPE with aging time^[23].

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图 3 交联聚乙烯的合成机理^[24]　(a)辐照交联; (b)硅烷交联; (c)过氧化物交联

Fig. 3. Synthetic mechanism of cross-linked polyethylene^[24]: (a) Irradiation cross-linking; (b) silane cross-linking; (c) peroxide cross-linking.

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图 4 电-热老化过程中的物理反应(a), 化学反应(b)和电缆结构(c)^[19,45]

Fig. 4. Physical reactions (a), chemical reactions (b) and structure of the cable (c) for electro-thermal aging process^[19,45].

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图 5 (a)热-氧化老化过程; (b), (c) XLPE在不同老化时间下介电常数和介电损耗的变化^[51]

Fig. 5. (a) Thermal-oxidative aging process; (b), (c) changes in dielectric constant and dielectric loss of XLPE at different aging times^[51].

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图 6 纯LDPE和纳米复合材料热老化前后的图示^[54]

Fig. 6. Illustration of neat LDPE and nanocomposites before and after thermal aging^[54].

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图 7 XLPE-g-MC的接枝交联反应方案^[55]

Fig. 7. Grafting and cross-linking reaction scheme of XLPE-g-MC^[55].

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图 8 PE中通过酰胺三唑环-羧酸单元形成氢键交联的示意图^[58]

Fig. 8. Schematic illustration of formation of H-bonds cross-linking via amide triazole ring-carboxylic acid units in PE^[58].

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图 9 (a)类玻璃化LDPE的制备示意图; PE-GMA和EDx的(b)机械性能和(c)电导率^[59]

Fig. 9. (a) Schematic diagram of preparation of LDPE vitrimers; (b) mechanical properties and (c) conductivity of PE-GMA and EDx^[59].

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下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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电缆绝缘材料交联聚乙烯的老化及寿命调控