应用于1064 nm倍频实验的啁啾周期极化铌酸锂晶体的结构设计与角度鲁棒性测试

刘励强; 苏伟伦; 刘峻铭; 邹娱; 洪丽红; 李志远

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240778

摘要

通过倍频技术产生的532 nm固体激光器是目前应用最广泛的激光器之一, 其最常用的倍频晶体三硼酸锂(LBO)在角度鲁棒性与倍频效率上仍有不足. 为获得具有较好的角度鲁棒性的倍频晶体, 实现激光器结构复杂度的降低与稳定性的提升, 本文从角度鲁棒性的理论分析出发, 对啁啾周期极化铌酸锂(CPPLN)晶体的结构进行设计, 并对其进行理论仿真与实验测试. 模拟仿真的结果表明, 该设计结构的CPPLN晶体具有良好的角度鲁棒性, 在$ - {3^ \circ } $至$ + {3^ \circ } $的范围内倍频效率一直维持在最高倍频效率的60%以上. 倍频实验的结果显示可以达到LBO晶体的11倍以上. 同时CPPLN晶体的倍频光功率关于入射角度的半高宽可以达到$ {6^ \circ } $以上, 并且出射光斑为标准的高斯光斑, 几乎不受入射角度的影响. 研究表明, CPPLN晶体具有远高于LBO晶体的倍频效率, 且角度鲁棒性优于LBO晶体的角度鲁棒性.

关键词:

Abstract

A 532-nm solid-state laser, generated by second-harmonic generation (SHG) technology, has become one of the most extensively used lasers in various applications today. In the traditional scheme, the most prevalent SHG crystal of the 532-nm solid-state is lithium borate (LBO), and continues to exhibit insufficient angular robustness and SHG efficiency. In order to overcome these limitations and obtain SHG crystals with better angular robustness, this study starts with a comprehensive theoretical analysis of angular robustness. On this basis, the structure of a chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) crystal is designed by taking into account the desired properties for improving its performance, and then the theoretical simulations and experimental tests are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the designed crystal. The simulation results corroborate the superior angular robustness of the CPPLN crystal. In a range from $ - {3^ \circ } $ to $ + {3^ \circ } $, the designed CPPLN crystal exhibits a maximum SHG efficiency of 0.80% and a minimum one of 0.51%, which indicates that the SHG efficiency of this crystal in this range can be maintained at 60% of the maximum efficiency. The experimental results show that the SHG efficiency can be more than 11 times that of LBO crystal. Moreover, the study indicates that the half width of the actual SHG efficiency near the incident angle of the designed CPPLN crystal can exceed $ {6^ \circ } $, demonstrating its excellent tolerance for changes in incident angle. Furthermore, the output spot of the SHG light generated by the designed CPPLN crystal exhibits a standard Gaussian profile, which remains virtually unaffected by the incident angle. In summary, the findings of this research highlight the CPPLN crystal as a promising alternative to LBO, with markedly higher SHG efficiency and better angular robustness. These superior characteristics make the CPPLN crystal a highly attractive candidate for a wide range of laser applications.

Keywords:

nonlinear optics /
chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal /
angle robustness /
extracavity frequency doubling

作者及机构信息

1.
华南理工大学物理与光电学院, 广州　510641

2.
广东晶创光学机械有限公司, 广州　510510

3.
中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所, 强场激光物理国家重点实验室, 上海　201800

通信作者: 李志远, phzyli@scut.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

2.
Guangdong Jingchuang Optical Machinery Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510510, China

3.
State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

Corresponding author: Li Zhi-Yuan, phzyli@scut.edu.cn

文章全文

参考文献

[1]	Franken P A, Hill A E, Peters C W, Weinreich G 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 1 7 118 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 设计的CPPLN的倍频效率与入射角度的关系图

Fig. 1. The relationship between the SHG efficiency of the designed CPPLN and the incidence angle.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 倍频实验相关图　(a) 装置示意图; (b) 1064 nm激光器输出光斑图像

Fig. 2. Correlation diagram of frequency doubling experiment: (a) Schematic diagram of the installation; (b) output spot image of 1064 nm laser.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 倍频实验结果对比　(a) CPPLN; (b) LBO, 入射角变化方向平行于偏振方向; (c) LBO, 入射角变化方向垂直于偏振方向

Fig. 3. Comparison of SHG experiment results: (a) CPPLN; (b) LBO, the angle of incidence changes in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization; (c) LBO, the angle of incidence changes in a direction perpendicular to the direction of polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 角度鲁棒性实验结果　(a) CPPLN; (b) LBO, 入射角变化方向平行于偏振方向; (c) LBO, 入射角变化方向垂直于偏振方向

Fig. 4. Results of the angular robustness experiment: (a) CPPLN; (b) LBO, the angle of incidence changes in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization; (c) LBO, the angle of incidence changes in a direction perpendicular to the direction of polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 CPPLN与LBO倍频实验输出光斑对比　(a), (b), (c), (d) CPPLN 分别在$ - {1^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {1^ \circ } $和$ + {2^ \circ } $条件下的光斑; (e) , (f), (g), (h) 当角度在平行于偏振方向上变化时, LBO 分别在$ - {1^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {1^ \circ } $和$ + {2^ \circ } $条件下的光斑; (i), (j), (k), (l) 当角度在垂直于偏振方向上变化时, LBO 分别在$ - {0.3^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {0.3^ \circ } $和$ + {0.6^ \circ } $条件下的光斑

Fig. 5. Comparison of output light spots between CPPLN and LBO SHG experiments: (a), (b), (c) (d) The output spots of CPPLN at $ - {1^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {1^ \circ } $和$ + {2^ \circ } $, respectively; (e), (f), (g), (h) the output spots of LBO when the angle changes parallel to the direction of polarization under conditions of $ - {1^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {1^ \circ } $和$ + {2^ \circ } $ respectively; (i), (j), (k), (l) the output spots of LBO when the angle changes perpendicular to the direction of polarization under conditions of $ - {0.3^ \circ } $, $ {0^ \circ } $, $ + {0.3^ \circ } $和$ + {0.6^ \circ } $, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 CPPLN光斑强度分布拟合曲线　(a) $ - {1^ \circ } $; (b) $ {0^ \circ } $; (c) $ + {1^ \circ } $; (d) $ + {2^ \circ } $

Fig. 6. CPPLN output spot intensity distribution fitting curve: (a) $ - {1^ \circ } $; (b) $ {0^ \circ } $; (c) $ + {1^ \circ } $; (d) $ + {2^ \circ } $.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Franken P A, Hill A E, Peters C W, Weinreich G 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 1 7 118 Google Scholar
[2]	Sharma A, Jain V, Gupta D 2018 Measurement 128 254 Google Scholar
[3]	Kartopu G, Oklobia O, Tansel T, Jones S, Irvine S J 2023 Solar Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 251 112112 Google Scholar
[4]	彭亚军, 黄颖 2023 江西医药 58 977 Google Scholar Peng Y J, Huang Y 2023 Jiangxi Med. J. 58 977 Google Scholar
[5]	刘宇欢, 陈建伟, 杨洲 2023 糖尿病新世界 26 172 Liu Y H, Chen J Y, Yang Z 2023 Diabetes New World 26 172
[6]	Penide G, Szczap F, Delanoë J 2024 AIP Conference Proceedings 2988 030004
[7]	Studinger M, Smith B E, Kurtz N, Petty A, Sutterley T, Tilling R 2023 The Cryosphere Discussions 2023 1
[8]	Wang X K, Zhou Z Y, Li M D, Zheng Y G, Zhang W Y, Su G X 2022 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93 123002 Google Scholar
[9]	Li D, Yan B, Yuan Y, Cai Y, Hao Z, Li J 2024 J. Lightwave Technol. 2024 1
[10]	Li F, Zhang X, Li J, Wang J, Shi S, Tian L, Wang Y, Chen L, Zheng Y 2023 Front. Phys. 18 42303 Google Scholar
[11]	廖骎, 柳海杰, 王铮, 朱凌瑾 2023 物理学报 72 040301 Google Scholar Liao Q, Liu H J, Wang Z, Zhu L J 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 040301 Google Scholar
[12]	Ramesh K S, Munusamy S, Saravanakumar M, Manigandan S, Muthusamy K, Vinitha G, Sekar M 2024 J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. 35 329 Google Scholar
[13]	李天胤, 邢宏喜, 张旦波 2023 物理学报 72 200303 Google Scholar Li T Y, Xing H X, Zhang D B 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 200303 Google Scholar
[14]	Ganeev R A 2023 Photonics 10 854 Google Scholar
[15]	Seres E, Seres J, Martinez-de-Olcoz L, Schumm T 2024 Opt. Express 32 17593 Google Scholar
[16]	Li M, Hong L, Li Z Y 2022 Research 2022 1 Google Scholar
[17]	Hong L, Chen B, Hu C, Li Z Y 2022 Photonics Research 10 905 Google Scholar
[18]	Hong L, Hu C, Liu Y, He H, Liu L, Wei Z, Li Z Y 2023 PhotoniX 4 1 Google Scholar
[19]	Hong L, Yang H, Liu L, Li M, Liu Y Chen B, Yu H, Ju W, Li Z Y 2023 Research 6 0210 Google Scholar
[20]	Martin K I, Clarkson W A, Hanna D C 1997 Appl. Opt. 36 4149 Google Scholar
[21]	Zhang C, Lu H, Yin Q, Su J 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 6371 Google Scholar
[22]	Armstrong J A, Bloembergen N, Docuing J, Pershan P S 1962 Phys. Rev. 127 1918 Google Scholar
[23]	Yamada M, Nada N, Saitoh M, Watanabe K 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 435 Google Scholar
[24]	Sakai K, Koyata Y, Itakura S, Hirano Y 2009 J. Lightwave Technol. 27 590 Google Scholar
[25]	Kang Y, Yang S, Brunel M, Cheng L, Zhao C, Zhang H 2017 Appl. Opt. 56 2968 Google Scholar
[26]	Lai J Y, Hsu C S, Hsu C W, Wu D Y, Wu K, Chou M H 2019 Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XVIII 10902 8
[27]	Peng L, Hong L, Li Z 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 053503 Google Scholar

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应用于1064 nm倍频实验的啁啾周期极化铌酸锂晶体的结构设计与角度鲁棒性测试