Progresses of ultrastable optical-cavity-based microwave source

Jiang Hai-Feng

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180751

Abstract

With the progress of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the precision measurement application technology, the technical requirements for the stability and noise level of the ultra-stable microwave source are increasing. Its application range becomes more and more wide, including high performance frequency standard research, network radar development, deep space navigation system, etc. Up to now, the photonic microwave generators based on ultra-stable laser and femtosecond light comb are believed to be the highest microwave frequency source with the highest frequency stability and the relative frequency stability 10-16 in 1 s. This device is also the basis of the application for the next frequency standard (optical frequency standard). Whether the generation of time or most of the precision measurements, the output laser of the optical frequency standard should be transformed into a super stable baseband frequency signal. In this paper, we first introduce the development, current situation and application requirements of ultra-stable photonic microwave source, then we present the principle and structure of the ultra-stable photonic microwave source and the technical development of its components based on the first set of domestic-made ultra-stable microwave frequency sources developed by the National Time Service Center. For the ultra-stable laser, we mainly focus on the research and development of the ultra-stable cavity design, the Pound-Drever-Hall frequency locking technology, and the residual amplitude noise effect rejection. For the optical frequency combs, we mainly focus on the development of laser mode-locking and frequency control technology based on erbium-doped fiber combing system. For the low noise photonic-to-microwave detection and low noise synthesizer techniques, the noise effect rejection of wideband photoelectric detection and the microwave phase noise induced by the amplitude noise of the laser are emphatically introduced. Finally, we summarize and prospect the photonic ultra-stable microwave generation technique.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Jiang Hai-Feng^1,2

1.
Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Xi'an 710600, China;
2.
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Jiang Hai-Feng, haifeng.jiang@ntsc.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91536217, 91336101).

References

[1]	Britton J W, Sawyer B C, Keith A C, Wang C C J, Freericks J K, Uys H, Biercuk M J, Bollinger J J 2012 Nature 484 489
[2]	DeLorenzo L A, Schwab K C 2014 New J. Phys. 16 113020
[3]	Cliche J F, Shillue B, Latrasse C, Tetu M, D’Addario L 2004 in: Oschmann J M ed. Ground-Based Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 5489 1115
[4]	Nand N R, Hartnett J G, Ivanov E N, Santarelli G 2011 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 59 2978
[5]	Kim J, Cox J A, Chen J, Kartner F X 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 733
[6]	Minoshima K, Matsumoto H 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 5512
[7]	Besson R J 1977 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 147
[8]	Besson R J, Mourey M, Galliou S, Marionnet F, Gonzalez F, Guillemot P, Tjoelker R, Diener W, Kirk A 1999 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 326
[9]	Stein S R, Turneaure J P 1972 Electron. Lett. 8 321
[10]	Hartnett J G, Nand N R 2010 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 58 3580
[11]	Hartnett J G, Parker S R, Ivanov E N, Povey T, Nand N R, Floch J M 2014 Electron. Lett. 50 294
[12]	Xie X P, Bouchand R, Nicolodi D, Giunta M, Hansel W, Lezius M, Joshi A, Datta S, Alexandre C, Lours M, Tremblin P A, Santarelli G, Holzwarth R, Le Coq Y 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 44
[13]	Young B C, Cruz F C, Itano W M, Bergquist J C 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3799
[14]	Diddams S A, Jones D J, Ye J, Cundiff S T, Hall J L, Ranka J K, Windeler R S, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5102
[15]	Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, Russell P S J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2264
[16]	Ye J, Hall J L, Diddams S A 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1675
[17]	Bartels A, Diddams S A, Oates C W, Wilpers G, Bergquist J C, Oskay W H, Hollberg L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 667
[18]	Fortier T M, Kirchner M S, Quinlan F, Taylor J, Bergquist J C, Rosenband T, Lemke N, Ludlow A, Jiang Y, Oates C W, Diddams S A 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 425
[19]	Weyers S, Lipphardt B, Schnatz H 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 031803
[20]	Millo J, Abgrall M, Lours M, English E M L, Jiang H, Guena J, Clairon A, Tobar M E, Bize S, Le Coq Y, Santarelli G 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 141105
[21]	Fortier T M, Rolland A, Quinlan F, Baynes F N, Metcalf A J, Hati A, Ludlow A D, Hinkley N, Shimizu M, Ishibashi T, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2016 Laser Photon. Rev. 10 780
[22]	Yan L L, Zhao W Y, Zhang Y Y, Tai Z Y, Zhang P, Rao B J, Ning K, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 030601
[23]	Clairon A, Laurent P, Santarelli G, Ghezali S, Lea S N, Bahoura M 1995 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur. 44 128
[24]	Guena J, Abgrall M, Rovera D, Laurent P, Chupin B, Lours M, Santarelli G, Rosenbusch P, Tobar M E, Li R X 2012 IEEE Trans. Ultras. Ferroelectr. Frequency Control 59 391
[25]	Gill P 2011 Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 369 4109
[26]	Kogelnik H, Li T 1966 Appl. Opt. 5 1550
[27]	Swann W C, Baumann E, Giorgetta F R, Newbury N R 2011 Opt. Express 19 24387
[28]	Schawlow A L, Townes C H 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 1940
[29]	Könz F, Sun Y, Thiel C W, Cone R L, Equall R W, Hutcheson R L, Macfarlane R M 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 085109
[30]	Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Ye J, Peik E, Schmidt P O 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 637
[31]	Wu L, Jiang Y, Ma C, Qi W, Yu H, Bi Z, Ma L 2016 Sci. Reports 6 24969
[32]	Tai Z Y, Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 090602
[33]	Callen H B, Greene R F 1952 Phys. Rev. 86 702
[34]	Braginsky V B, Gorodetsky M L, Vyatchanin S P 1999 Phys. Lett. A 264 1
[35]	Levin Y 1998 Phys. Rev. D 57 659
[36]	Nakagawa N, Gustafson E K, Beyersdorf P T, Fejer M M 2002 Phys. Rev. D 65 082002
[37]	Crooks D R M, Cagnoli G, Fejer M M, Gretarsson A, Harry G, Hough J, Nakagawa N, Penn S, Route R, Rowan S, Sneddon P H 2004 Classical and Quantum Gravity 21 S1059
[38]	Numata N, Yamamoto K, Ishimoto H, Otsuka S, Kawabe K, Ando M, Tsubono K 2004 Phys. Lett. A 327 263
[39]	Numata K, Kemery A, Camp J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 250602
[40]	Allan D 1966 Proc. IEEE 54 221
[41]	Dawkins S, Mcferran, J, Luiten A 2007 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 54 918
[42]	Millo J, Magalhaes D V, Mandache C, Le Coq Y, English E M L, Westergaard P G, Lodewyck J, Bize S, Lemonde P, Santarelli G 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 053829
[43]	Legero T, Kessler T, Sterr U 2010 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27 914
[44]	Cole G, Zhang W, Martin M, Ye J, Aspelmeyer M 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 644
[45]	Jiang H, Kéfélian F, Crane S, Lopez O, Lours M, Millo J, Holleville D, Lemonde P, Chardonnet C, Amy-Klein A, Santarelli G 2008 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25 2029
[46]	Häfner S, Falke S, Grebing C, Vogt S, Legero T, Merimaa M, Lisdat C, Sterr U 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 2112
[47]	Schioppo M, Brown R C, McGrew W F, Hinkley N, Fasano R J, Beloy K, Yoon T H, Milani G, Nicolodi D, Sherman J A, Phillips N B, Oates C W, Ludlow A D 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 48
[48]	Webster S A, Oxborrow M, Gill P 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 011801
[49]	Webster S, Gill P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3572
[50]	Argence B, Prevost E, Lévèque T, Le Goff R, Bize S, Lemonde P, Santarelli G 2012 Opt. Express 20 25409
[51]	Leibrandt D R, Bergquist J C, Rosenband T 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 023829
[52]	Kessler T, Hagemann C, Grebing C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Martin M J, Chen L, Ye J 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 687
[53]	Matei D G, Legero T, Hafner S, Grebing C, Weyrich R, Zhang W, Sonderhouse L, Robinson J M, Ye J, Riehle F, Sterr U 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 263202
[54]	Zhang W, Robinson J M, Sonderhouse L, Oelker E, Benko C, Hall J L, Legero T, Matei D G, Riehle F, Sterr U, Ye J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 243601
[55]	Jiang Y Y, Ludlow A D, Lemke N D, Fox R W, Sherman J A, Ma L S, Oates C W 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 158
[56]	Tai Z Y, Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang P, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2018 arXiv:1802.01775 [physics.ins-det]
[57]	Pound R 1946 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 17 490
[58]	Drever R W P, Hall J L, Kowalski F V, Hough J, Ford G M, Munley A J, Ward H 1983 Appl. Phys. B 31 97
[59]	Black E D 2001 Am. J. Phys. 69 79
[60]	Wong N C, Hall J L 1985 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 1527
[61]	Li L, Liu F, Wang C, Chen L 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 043111
[62]	Jiang H 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Paris: University of Paris)
[63]	Zhang W, Martin M J, Benko C, Hall J L, Ye J, Hagemann C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Cole G D, Aspelmeyer M 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1980
[64]	Tai Z, Yan L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Guo W, Zhang S, Jiang H 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 5584
[65]	Li Z X, Ma W G, Yang W H, Wang Y J, Zheng Y H 2005 Opt. Lett. 41 3331
[66]	Donley E A, Heavner T P, Levi F, Tataw M O, Jefferts S R 2005 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 063112
[67]	Ma L S, Jungner P, Ye J, Hall J L 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 1777
[68]	Predehl K, Grosche G, Raupach S M F, Droste S, Terra O, Alnis J, Legero T, Hansch T W, Udem T, Holzwarth R, Schnatz H 2012 Science 336 441
[69]	Poli N, Oates C W, Gill P, Tino G M 2013 Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento 36 555
[70]	Stolen R H, Lin C 1978 Phys. Rev. A 17 1448
[71]	Birks T A, Roberts P J, Russell P, Atkin D M, Shepherd T J 1995 Electron. Lett. 31 1941
[72]	Dudley J M, Genty G, Cose S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1135
[73]	Spence D E, Kean P N, Sibbett W 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 42
[74]	Proctor B, Westwig E, Wise F 1993 Opt. Lett. 18 1654
[75]	Salin F, Squier J, Pichè M 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 1674
[76]	Haus H A 1975 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11 736
[77]	Hartl I, Schibli T R, Marcinkevicius A, Yost D C, Hudson D D, Fermann M E, Ye J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2870
[78]	Washburn B R, Diddams S A, Newbury N R, Nicholson J W, Yan M F, Jorgensen C G 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 250
[79]	Phillips C R, Langrock C, Pelc J S, Fejer M M, Jiang J, Fermann M E, Hartl I 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3912
[80]	Morgner U, Kartner F X, Cho S H, Chen Y, Haus H A, Fujimoto J G, Ippen E P, Scheuer V, Angelow G, Tschudi T 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 411
[81]	Reichert J, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 1999 Opt. Commun. 172 59
[82]	Gires F, Tournois C R 1964 Science 258 6112
[83]	Szipocs R, Ferencz K, Spielmann C, Krausz F 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 201
[84]	Fortier T M, Bartels A, Diddams S A 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 1011
[85]	Bartels A, Heinecke D, Diddams S A 2009 Science 326 681
[86]	Sinclair L C, Coddington I, Swann W C, Rieker G B, Hati A, Iwakuni K, Newbury N R 2014 Opt. Express 22 6996
[87]	Lee J, Lee K, Jang Y S, Jang H, Han S, Lee S H, Kang K I, Lim C W, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2014 Sci. Report 4 05134
[88]	Lezius M, Wilken T, Deutsch C, Giunta M, Mandel O, Thaller A, Schkolnik V, Schiemangk M, Dinkelaker A, Kohfeldt A, Wicht A, Krutzik M, Peters A, Hellmig O, Duncker H, Sengstock K, Windpassinger P, Lampmann K, Hlsing T, Hänsch T W, Holzwarth R 2016 Optica 3 1381
[89]	Droste S, Ycas G, Washburn B R, Coddington I, Newbury N R 2016 Nanophotonics 5 196
[90]	Doran N J, Wood D 1988 Opt. Lett. 13 56
[91]	Fermann F H M E, Hofer M, Hochreiter H 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 752
[92]	Duling I N 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 539
[93]	Kim J, Song Y J 2016 Adv. Opt. Photon. 8 465
[94]	Hong L, Donald D K, Sorin W V 1994 J. Lightwave Technol. 12 1121
[95]	Kuse N, Jiang J, Lee C C, Schibli T R, Fermann M E 2016 Opt. Express 24 3095
[96]	Kärtner F X, Brovelli L R, Kopf D, Kamp M, Calasso I, Keller U 1995 Opt. Eng. 34 2024
[97]	Okhotnikov O, Grudinin A, Pessa M 2004 New J. Phys. 6 177
[98]	Song Y W, Yamashita S, Goh C S, Set S Y 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 148
[99]	Popa D, Sun Z, Torrisi F, Hasan T, Wang F, Ferrari A C 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 203106
[100]	Lee J, Koo J, Jhon Y M, Lee J H 2014 Opt. Express 22 6165
[101]	Sotor J, Sobon G, Grodecki K, Abramski K M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 251112
[102]	Sinclair L C, Deschenes J D, Sonderhouse L, Swann W C, Khader I H, Baumann E, Newbury N R, Coddington I 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 081301
[103]	Kim S, Kim Y, Park J, Han S, Park S, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2012 Opt. Express 20 15054
[104]	Li X, Zou W, Chen J 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1553
[105]	Wu X J, Yang L J, Zhang H Y, Yang H L, Wei H Y, Li Y 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 1681
[106]	Zhang Y, Fan S T, Yan L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guo W, Zhang S, Jiang H 2017 Opt. Express 25 21719
[107]	Ramond T M, Diddams S A, Hollberg L, Bartels A 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1842
[108]	Krauss G, Fehrenbacher D, Brida D, Riek C, Sell A, Huber R, Leitenstorfer A 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 540
[109]	Hudson D D, Holman K W, Jones R J, Cundiff S T, Ye J, Jones D J 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2948
[110]	Baumann E, Giorgetta F R, Nicholson J W, Swann W C, Coddington I, Newbury N R 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 638
[111]	Iwakuni K, Inaba H, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi T, Hosaka K, Onae A, Hong F L 2012 Opt. Express 20 13769
[112]	Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang L, FAN S T, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 104207
[113]	Hänsel W, Giunta M, Fischer M, Lezius M, Holzwarth R 2017 Proceeding of Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and European Frequency and Time Forum 128
[114]	Koke S, Grebing C, Frei H, Anderson A, Assion A, Steinmeyer G 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 462
[115]	Newbury N R, Washburn B R 2005 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41 1388
[116]	Taylor J, Datta S, Hati A, Nelson C, Quinlan F, Joshi A, Diddams S 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 140
[117]	Johnson J B 1928 Phys. Rev. 32 97
[118]	Jiang H F, Taylor J, Quinlan F, Fortier T, Diddams S A 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 1004
[119]	Ycas G G, Quinlan F, Diddams S A, Osterman S, Mahadevan S, Redman S, Terrien R, Ramsey L, Bender C F, Botzer B, Sigurdsson S 2012 Opt. Express 20 6631
[120]	Haboucha A, Zhang W, Li T, Lours M, Luiten A, Coq Y L, Santarelli G 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3654
[121]	Fortier T M, Quinlan F, Hati A, Nelson C, Taylor J A, Fu Y, Campbell J, Diddams S A 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1712
[122]	Rubiola E, Santarelli G 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 269
[123]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Jiang H F, Diddams S A 2013 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30 1775
[124]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Jiang H, Hati A, Nelson C, Fu Y, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 290
[125]	Fortier T M, Nelson C W, Hati A, Quinlan F, Taylor J, Jiang H, Chou C W, Rosenband T, Lemke N, Ludlow A, Howe D, Oates C W, Diddams S A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 231111
[126]	Jung K, Shin J, Kang J, Hunziker S, Min C K, Kim J 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1577
[127]	Jung K, Shin J, Kim J 2013 IEEE Photon. J. 5 5500906
[128]	Avellino W R 1964 Proc. IEEE 52 868
[129]	Boudot R, Guerandel S, de Clercq E 2009 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58 3659
[130]	Yan L, Meng S, Zhao W, Guo W, Jiang H, Zhang S 2015 J. Electron. Sci. Tech. 13 264
[131]	Hati A, Nelson C W, Barnes C, Lirette D, de Salvo J A, Howe D A 2012 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 59 2596
[132]	Hati A, Nelson C W, Barnes C, Lirette D, Fortier T, Quinlan F, de Salvo J A, Ludlow A, Diddams S A, Howe D A 2013 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 60 1796
[133]	Fortier T M, Rolland A, Quinlan F, Baynes F N, Metcalf A J, Hati A, Ludlow A D, Hinkley N, Shimizu M, Ishibashi T, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2016 Laser Photon. Rev. 10 780
[134]	Yao Y, Jiang Y Y, Yu H F, Bi Z Y, Ma L S 2016 National Sci. Rev. 3 463
[135]	Leopardi H, Davila-Rodriguez J, Quinlan F, Olson J, Sherman J A, Diddams S A, Fortier T 2017 Optica 4 879
[136]	Li Z, Fu Y, Piels M, Pan H P, Beling A, Bowers A E, Campbell J C 2011 Opt. Express 19 385
[137]	Li Q L, Li K J, Fu Y, Xie X J, Yang Z Y, Beling A, Campbell J C 2016 J. Lightwave Tech. 34 2139
[138]	Zhou Q G, Cross A S, Fu Y, Beling A, Foley B M, Hopkins P E, Campbell J C 2013 IEEE Photon. J. 5 6800307
[139]	Rodwell M J W, Kamegawa M, Yu R, Case M, Carman E, Giboney K S 1991 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 39 1194
[140]	Zhao W Y, Jiang H F, Zhang S G 2008 J. Time and Frequency 31 81 (in Chinese) [赵文宇, 姜海峰, 张首刚 2008 时间频率学报 31 81]
[141]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Kirchner M S, Taylor J A, Thorpe M J, Lemke N, Ludlow A D, Jiang, Y Y, Diddams S A 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3260
[142]	Portuondo-Campa E, Buchs G, Kundermann S, Balet L, Lecomte S 2015 Opt. Express 23 32441

Cited By

[1]	Britton J W, Sawyer B C, Keith A C, Wang C C J, Freericks J K, Uys H, Biercuk M J, Bollinger J J 2012 Nature 484 489
[2]	DeLorenzo L A, Schwab K C 2014 New J. Phys. 16 113020
[3]	Cliche J F, Shillue B, Latrasse C, Tetu M, D’Addario L 2004 in: Oschmann J M ed. Ground-Based Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 5489 1115
[4]	Nand N R, Hartnett J G, Ivanov E N, Santarelli G 2011 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 59 2978
[5]	Kim J, Cox J A, Chen J, Kartner F X 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 733
[6]	Minoshima K, Matsumoto H 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 5512
[7]	Besson R J 1977 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 147
[8]	Besson R J, Mourey M, Galliou S, Marionnet F, Gonzalez F, Guillemot P, Tjoelker R, Diener W, Kirk A 1999 Proc. Freq. Contr. Symp. 326
[9]	Stein S R, Turneaure J P 1972 Electron. Lett. 8 321
[10]	Hartnett J G, Nand N R 2010 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 58 3580
[11]	Hartnett J G, Parker S R, Ivanov E N, Povey T, Nand N R, Floch J M 2014 Electron. Lett. 50 294
[12]	Xie X P, Bouchand R, Nicolodi D, Giunta M, Hansel W, Lezius M, Joshi A, Datta S, Alexandre C, Lours M, Tremblin P A, Santarelli G, Holzwarth R, Le Coq Y 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 44
[13]	Young B C, Cruz F C, Itano W M, Bergquist J C 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3799
[14]	Diddams S A, Jones D J, Ye J, Cundiff S T, Hall J L, Ranka J K, Windeler R S, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5102
[15]	Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, Russell P S J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2264
[16]	Ye J, Hall J L, Diddams S A 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1675
[17]	Bartels A, Diddams S A, Oates C W, Wilpers G, Bergquist J C, Oskay W H, Hollberg L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 667
[18]	Fortier T M, Kirchner M S, Quinlan F, Taylor J, Bergquist J C, Rosenband T, Lemke N, Ludlow A, Jiang Y, Oates C W, Diddams S A 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 425
[19]	Weyers S, Lipphardt B, Schnatz H 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 031803
[20]	Millo J, Abgrall M, Lours M, English E M L, Jiang H, Guena J, Clairon A, Tobar M E, Bize S, Le Coq Y, Santarelli G 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 141105
[21]	Fortier T M, Rolland A, Quinlan F, Baynes F N, Metcalf A J, Hati A, Ludlow A D, Hinkley N, Shimizu M, Ishibashi T, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2016 Laser Photon. Rev. 10 780
[22]	Yan L L, Zhao W Y, Zhang Y Y, Tai Z Y, Zhang P, Rao B J, Ning K, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 030601
[23]	Clairon A, Laurent P, Santarelli G, Ghezali S, Lea S N, Bahoura M 1995 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur. 44 128
[24]	Guena J, Abgrall M, Rovera D, Laurent P, Chupin B, Lours M, Santarelli G, Rosenbusch P, Tobar M E, Li R X 2012 IEEE Trans. Ultras. Ferroelectr. Frequency Control 59 391
[25]	Gill P 2011 Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 369 4109
[26]	Kogelnik H, Li T 1966 Appl. Opt. 5 1550
[27]	Swann W C, Baumann E, Giorgetta F R, Newbury N R 2011 Opt. Express 19 24387
[28]	Schawlow A L, Townes C H 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 1940
[29]	Könz F, Sun Y, Thiel C W, Cone R L, Equall R W, Hutcheson R L, Macfarlane R M 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 085109
[30]	Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Ye J, Peik E, Schmidt P O 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 637
[31]	Wu L, Jiang Y, Ma C, Qi W, Yu H, Bi Z, Ma L 2016 Sci. Reports 6 24969
[32]	Tai Z Y, Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 090602
[33]	Callen H B, Greene R F 1952 Phys. Rev. 86 702
[34]	Braginsky V B, Gorodetsky M L, Vyatchanin S P 1999 Phys. Lett. A 264 1
[35]	Levin Y 1998 Phys. Rev. D 57 659
[36]	Nakagawa N, Gustafson E K, Beyersdorf P T, Fejer M M 2002 Phys. Rev. D 65 082002
[37]	Crooks D R M, Cagnoli G, Fejer M M, Gretarsson A, Harry G, Hough J, Nakagawa N, Penn S, Route R, Rowan S, Sneddon P H 2004 Classical and Quantum Gravity 21 S1059
[38]	Numata N, Yamamoto K, Ishimoto H, Otsuka S, Kawabe K, Ando M, Tsubono K 2004 Phys. Lett. A 327 263
[39]	Numata K, Kemery A, Camp J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 250602
[40]	Allan D 1966 Proc. IEEE 54 221
[41]	Dawkins S, Mcferran, J, Luiten A 2007 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 54 918
[42]	Millo J, Magalhaes D V, Mandache C, Le Coq Y, English E M L, Westergaard P G, Lodewyck J, Bize S, Lemonde P, Santarelli G 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 053829
[43]	Legero T, Kessler T, Sterr U 2010 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27 914
[44]	Cole G, Zhang W, Martin M, Ye J, Aspelmeyer M 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 644
[45]	Jiang H, Kéfélian F, Crane S, Lopez O, Lours M, Millo J, Holleville D, Lemonde P, Chardonnet C, Amy-Klein A, Santarelli G 2008 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25 2029
[46]	Häfner S, Falke S, Grebing C, Vogt S, Legero T, Merimaa M, Lisdat C, Sterr U 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 2112
[47]	Schioppo M, Brown R C, McGrew W F, Hinkley N, Fasano R J, Beloy K, Yoon T H, Milani G, Nicolodi D, Sherman J A, Phillips N B, Oates C W, Ludlow A D 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 48
[48]	Webster S A, Oxborrow M, Gill P 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 011801
[49]	Webster S, Gill P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3572
[50]	Argence B, Prevost E, Lévèque T, Le Goff R, Bize S, Lemonde P, Santarelli G 2012 Opt. Express 20 25409
[51]	Leibrandt D R, Bergquist J C, Rosenband T 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 023829
[52]	Kessler T, Hagemann C, Grebing C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Martin M J, Chen L, Ye J 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 687
[53]	Matei D G, Legero T, Hafner S, Grebing C, Weyrich R, Zhang W, Sonderhouse L, Robinson J M, Ye J, Riehle F, Sterr U 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 263202
[54]	Zhang W, Robinson J M, Sonderhouse L, Oelker E, Benko C, Hall J L, Legero T, Matei D G, Riehle F, Sterr U, Ye J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 243601
[55]	Jiang Y Y, Ludlow A D, Lemke N D, Fox R W, Sherman J A, Ma L S, Oates C W 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 158
[56]	Tai Z Y, Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang P, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2018 arXiv:1802.01775 [physics.ins-det]
[57]	Pound R 1946 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 17 490
[58]	Drever R W P, Hall J L, Kowalski F V, Hough J, Ford G M, Munley A J, Ward H 1983 Appl. Phys. B 31 97
[59]	Black E D 2001 Am. J. Phys. 69 79
[60]	Wong N C, Hall J L 1985 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 1527
[61]	Li L, Liu F, Wang C, Chen L 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 043111
[62]	Jiang H 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Paris: University of Paris)
[63]	Zhang W, Martin M J, Benko C, Hall J L, Ye J, Hagemann C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Cole G D, Aspelmeyer M 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1980
[64]	Tai Z, Yan L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Guo W, Zhang S, Jiang H 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 5584
[65]	Li Z X, Ma W G, Yang W H, Wang Y J, Zheng Y H 2005 Opt. Lett. 41 3331
[66]	Donley E A, Heavner T P, Levi F, Tataw M O, Jefferts S R 2005 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 063112
[67]	Ma L S, Jungner P, Ye J, Hall J L 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 1777
[68]	Predehl K, Grosche G, Raupach S M F, Droste S, Terra O, Alnis J, Legero T, Hansch T W, Udem T, Holzwarth R, Schnatz H 2012 Science 336 441
[69]	Poli N, Oates C W, Gill P, Tino G M 2013 Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento 36 555
[70]	Stolen R H, Lin C 1978 Phys. Rev. A 17 1448
[71]	Birks T A, Roberts P J, Russell P, Atkin D M, Shepherd T J 1995 Electron. Lett. 31 1941
[72]	Dudley J M, Genty G, Cose S 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1135
[73]	Spence D E, Kean P N, Sibbett W 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 42
[74]	Proctor B, Westwig E, Wise F 1993 Opt. Lett. 18 1654
[75]	Salin F, Squier J, Pichè M 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 1674
[76]	Haus H A 1975 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11 736
[77]	Hartl I, Schibli T R, Marcinkevicius A, Yost D C, Hudson D D, Fermann M E, Ye J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2870
[78]	Washburn B R, Diddams S A, Newbury N R, Nicholson J W, Yan M F, Jorgensen C G 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 250
[79]	Phillips C R, Langrock C, Pelc J S, Fejer M M, Jiang J, Fermann M E, Hartl I 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3912
[80]	Morgner U, Kartner F X, Cho S H, Chen Y, Haus H A, Fujimoto J G, Ippen E P, Scheuer V, Angelow G, Tschudi T 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 411
[81]	Reichert J, Holzwarth R, Udem T, Hansch T W 1999 Opt. Commun. 172 59
[82]	Gires F, Tournois C R 1964 Science 258 6112
[83]	Szipocs R, Ferencz K, Spielmann C, Krausz F 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 201
[84]	Fortier T M, Bartels A, Diddams S A 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 1011
[85]	Bartels A, Heinecke D, Diddams S A 2009 Science 326 681
[86]	Sinclair L C, Coddington I, Swann W C, Rieker G B, Hati A, Iwakuni K, Newbury N R 2014 Opt. Express 22 6996
[87]	Lee J, Lee K, Jang Y S, Jang H, Han S, Lee S H, Kang K I, Lim C W, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2014 Sci. Report 4 05134
[88]	Lezius M, Wilken T, Deutsch C, Giunta M, Mandel O, Thaller A, Schkolnik V, Schiemangk M, Dinkelaker A, Kohfeldt A, Wicht A, Krutzik M, Peters A, Hellmig O, Duncker H, Sengstock K, Windpassinger P, Lampmann K, Hlsing T, Hänsch T W, Holzwarth R 2016 Optica 3 1381
[89]	Droste S, Ycas G, Washburn B R, Coddington I, Newbury N R 2016 Nanophotonics 5 196
[90]	Doran N J, Wood D 1988 Opt. Lett. 13 56
[91]	Fermann F H M E, Hofer M, Hochreiter H 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 752
[92]	Duling I N 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 539
[93]	Kim J, Song Y J 2016 Adv. Opt. Photon. 8 465
[94]	Hong L, Donald D K, Sorin W V 1994 J. Lightwave Technol. 12 1121
[95]	Kuse N, Jiang J, Lee C C, Schibli T R, Fermann M E 2016 Opt. Express 24 3095
[96]	Kärtner F X, Brovelli L R, Kopf D, Kamp M, Calasso I, Keller U 1995 Opt. Eng. 34 2024
[97]	Okhotnikov O, Grudinin A, Pessa M 2004 New J. Phys. 6 177
[98]	Song Y W, Yamashita S, Goh C S, Set S Y 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 148
[99]	Popa D, Sun Z, Torrisi F, Hasan T, Wang F, Ferrari A C 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 203106
[100]	Lee J, Koo J, Jhon Y M, Lee J H 2014 Opt. Express 22 6165
[101]	Sotor J, Sobon G, Grodecki K, Abramski K M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 251112
[102]	Sinclair L C, Deschenes J D, Sonderhouse L, Swann W C, Khader I H, Baumann E, Newbury N R, Coddington I 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 081301
[103]	Kim S, Kim Y, Park J, Han S, Park S, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2012 Opt. Express 20 15054
[104]	Li X, Zou W, Chen J 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1553
[105]	Wu X J, Yang L J, Zhang H Y, Yang H L, Wei H Y, Li Y 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 1681
[106]	Zhang Y, Fan S T, Yan L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Guo W, Zhang S, Jiang H 2017 Opt. Express 25 21719
[107]	Ramond T M, Diddams S A, Hollberg L, Bartels A 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1842
[108]	Krauss G, Fehrenbacher D, Brida D, Riek C, Sell A, Huber R, Leitenstorfer A 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 540
[109]	Hudson D D, Holman K W, Jones R J, Cundiff S T, Ye J, Jones D J 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2948
[110]	Baumann E, Giorgetta F R, Nicholson J W, Swann W C, Coddington I, Newbury N R 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 638
[111]	Iwakuni K, Inaba H, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi T, Hosaka K, Onae A, Hong F L 2012 Opt. Express 20 13769
[112]	Yan L L, Zhang Y Y, Zhang L, FAN S T, Zhang X F, Guo W G, Zhang S G, Jiang H F 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 104207
[113]	Hänsel W, Giunta M, Fischer M, Lezius M, Holzwarth R 2017 Proceeding of Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and European Frequency and Time Forum 128
[114]	Koke S, Grebing C, Frei H, Anderson A, Assion A, Steinmeyer G 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 462
[115]	Newbury N R, Washburn B R 2005 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41 1388
[116]	Taylor J, Datta S, Hati A, Nelson C, Quinlan F, Joshi A, Diddams S 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 140
[117]	Johnson J B 1928 Phys. Rev. 32 97
[118]	Jiang H F, Taylor J, Quinlan F, Fortier T, Diddams S A 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 1004
[119]	Ycas G G, Quinlan F, Diddams S A, Osterman S, Mahadevan S, Redman S, Terrien R, Ramsey L, Bender C F, Botzer B, Sigurdsson S 2012 Opt. Express 20 6631
[120]	Haboucha A, Zhang W, Li T, Lours M, Luiten A, Coq Y L, Santarelli G 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3654
[121]	Fortier T M, Quinlan F, Hati A, Nelson C, Taylor J A, Fu Y, Campbell J, Diddams S A 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1712
[122]	Rubiola E, Santarelli G 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 269
[123]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Jiang H F, Diddams S A 2013 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30 1775
[124]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Jiang H, Hati A, Nelson C, Fu Y, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 290
[125]	Fortier T M, Nelson C W, Hati A, Quinlan F, Taylor J, Jiang H, Chou C W, Rosenband T, Lemke N, Ludlow A, Howe D, Oates C W, Diddams S A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 231111
[126]	Jung K, Shin J, Kang J, Hunziker S, Min C K, Kim J 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1577
[127]	Jung K, Shin J, Kim J 2013 IEEE Photon. J. 5 5500906
[128]	Avellino W R 1964 Proc. IEEE 52 868
[129]	Boudot R, Guerandel S, de Clercq E 2009 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58 3659
[130]	Yan L, Meng S, Zhao W, Guo W, Jiang H, Zhang S 2015 J. Electron. Sci. Tech. 13 264
[131]	Hati A, Nelson C W, Barnes C, Lirette D, de Salvo J A, Howe D A 2012 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 59 2596
[132]	Hati A, Nelson C W, Barnes C, Lirette D, Fortier T, Quinlan F, de Salvo J A, Ludlow A, Diddams S A, Howe D A 2013 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. on 60 1796
[133]	Fortier T M, Rolland A, Quinlan F, Baynes F N, Metcalf A J, Hati A, Ludlow A D, Hinkley N, Shimizu M, Ishibashi T, Campbell J C, Diddams S A 2016 Laser Photon. Rev. 10 780
[134]	Yao Y, Jiang Y Y, Yu H F, Bi Z Y, Ma L S 2016 National Sci. Rev. 3 463
[135]	Leopardi H, Davila-Rodriguez J, Quinlan F, Olson J, Sherman J A, Diddams S A, Fortier T 2017 Optica 4 879
[136]	Li Z, Fu Y, Piels M, Pan H P, Beling A, Bowers A E, Campbell J C 2011 Opt. Express 19 385
[137]	Li Q L, Li K J, Fu Y, Xie X J, Yang Z Y, Beling A, Campbell J C 2016 J. Lightwave Tech. 34 2139
[138]	Zhou Q G, Cross A S, Fu Y, Beling A, Foley B M, Hopkins P E, Campbell J C 2013 IEEE Photon. J. 5 6800307
[139]	Rodwell M J W, Kamegawa M, Yu R, Case M, Carman E, Giboney K S 1991 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 39 1194
[140]	Zhao W Y, Jiang H F, Zhang S G 2008 J. Time and Frequency 31 81 (in Chinese) [赵文宇, 姜海峰, 张首刚 2008 时间频率学报 31 81]
[141]	Quinlan F, Fortier T M, Kirchner M S, Taylor J A, Thorpe M J, Lemke N, Ludlow A D, Jiang, Y Y, Diddams S A 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3260
[142]	Portuondo-Campa E, Buchs G, Kundermann S, Balet L, Lecomte S 2015 Opt. Express 23 32441

[1]	Ma Bo-Wen, Dai Wen, Meng Fei, Tao Jia-Ning, Wu Zi-Ling, Shi Yan-Qing, Fang Zhan-Jun, Hu Ming-Lie, Song You-Jian. Using asynchronous optical sampling to measure timing jitter of electro-optic frequency combs. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(14): 144203. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240400
[2]	Qin Jian. Investigation of Gaussian boson sampling under phase noise of the light source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(5): 050302. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221766
[3]	Fan Si-Chen, Yang Fan, Ruan Jun. Eelectromagnetic field distribution of whispering gallery mode in a sapphire resonator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(23): 234101. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221156
[4]	Wang Kai, Lin Bai-Ke, Song You-Jian, Meng Fei, Lin Yi-Ge, Cao Shi-Ying, Hu Ming-Lie, Fang Zhan-Jun. Low-noise microwave generation based on optical-microwave synchronization. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(4): 044204. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211253
[5]	Wang Guo-Chao, Li Xing-Hui, Yan Shu-Hua, Tan Li-Long, Guan Wen-Liang. Real-time absolute distance measurement by multi-wavelength interferometry synchronously multi-channel phase-locked to frequency comb and analysis for the potential non-ambiguity range. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(4): 040601. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201225
[6]	Shao Xiao-Dong, Han Hai-Nian, Wei Zhi-Yi. Ultra-low noise microwave frequency generation based on optical frequency comb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(13): 134204. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201925
[7]	Jia Meng-Yuan, Zhao Gang, Zhou Yue-Ting, Liu Jian-Xin, Guo Song-Jie, Wu Yong-Qian, Ma Wei-Guang, Zhang Lei, Dong Lei, Yin Wang-Bao, Xiao Lian-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang. Frequency locking of fiber laser to 1530.58 nm NH3 sub-Doppler saturation spectrum based on noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy technique. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(10): 104207. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172541
[8]	Zhang Xi, Liu Hui, Jiang Kun-Liang, Wang Jin-Qi, Xiong Zhuan-Xian, He Ling-Xiang, Lü Bao-Long. Transfer cavity scheme for stabilization of lattice laser in ytterbium lattice clock. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(16): 164205. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.164205
[9]	Xiang Xiao, Wang Shao-Feng, Hou Fei-Yan, Quan Run-Ai, Zhai Yi-Wei, Wang Meng-Meng, Zhou Cong-Hua, Xu Guan-Jun, Dong Rui-Fang, Liu Tao, Zhang Shou-Gang. A broadband passive cavity for analyzing and filtering the noise of a femtosecond laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(13): 134203. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.134203
[10]	Wang Ya-Dong, Gan Xue-Tao, Ju Pei, Pang Yan, Yuan Lin-Guang, Zhao Jian-Lin. Control of topological structure in high-order optical vortices by use of noncanonical helical phase. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(3): 034204. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.034204
[11]	Ruan Jun, Wang Ye-Bing, Chang Hong, Jiang Hai-Feng, Liu Tao, Dong Rui-Fang, Zhang Shou-Gang. Progress towards primary frequency standard. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(16): 160308. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.160308
[12]	Ren Li-Qing, Zhu Song, Xu Guan-Jun, Wang Zhao-Hua, Deng Zhong-Xun, Wei Ying-Chun, Jin Hong-Ying, Li Zeng-Sheng, Gao Jing, Liu Jie, Zhang Lin-Bo, Dong Rui-Fang, Liu Tao, Li Yong-Fang, Zhang Shou-Gang. Study of a spherical vibration-insensitive optical reference cavity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(9): 090601. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.090601
[13]	Ding Xue-Li, Li Yu-Ye. Phase noise induced single or double coherence resonances of neural firing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(24): 248701. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.248701
[14]	Wang Guo-Chao, Yan Shu-Hua, Yang Jun, Lin Cun-Bao, Yang Dong-Xing, Zou Peng-Fei. Analysis of an innovative method for large-scale high-precision absolute distance measurement based on multi-heterodyne interference of dual optical frequency combs. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(7): 070601. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.070601
[15]	Wu Xue-Jian, Wei Hao-Yun, Zhu Min-Hao, Zhang Ji-Tao, Li Yan. Frequency measurement of dual frequency He-Ne laser based on a femtosecond optical frequency comb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(18): 180601. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.180601
[16]	Chen Wei, Meng Zhou, Zhou Hui-Juan, Luo Hong. Nonlinear phase noise analysis of long-haul interferometric fiber sensing system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(18): 184210. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.184210
[17]	Wang Jian-Liang, Zhang Chun-Mei, Song Li-Wei, Leng Yu-Xin. Measurement of the carrier-envelope phase stability of infrared femtosecond laser pulses by two-path interferometer. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(6): 3966-3970. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.3966
[18]	Du Run-Chang, Chen Jie-Hua, Liu Chao-Yang, Gu Si-Hong. Experimental investigation of CPT atomic frequency standard. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(9): 6117-6121. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.6117
[19]	Han Hai_Nian, Zhang Wei, Wang Peng, Li De_Hua, Wei Zhi_Yi, Shen Nai_Chen, Nie Yu_Xin, Gao Yu_Ping, Zhang Shou_Gang, Li Shi_Qun. Precise control of femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser frequency comb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(5): 2760-2764. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.2760
[20]	Fang Zhan-Jun, Wang Qiang, Wang Min-Ming, Meng Fei, Lin Bai-Ke, Li Tian-Chu. Femtosecond frequency comb and optical frequency measurement of 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(10): 5684-5690. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.5684

Catalog

Vol. 67, Issue 16 - 2018-08-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 9257
PDF Downloads: 408
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板