Effect of laser intensity on microwave radiation generated in nanosecond laser-plasma interactions

Jiang Wei-Man; Li Yu-Tong; Zhang Zhe; Zhu Bao-Jun; Zhang Yi-Hang; Yuan Da-Wei; Wei Hui-Gang; Liang Gui-Yun; Han Bo; Liu Chang; Yuan Xiao-Xia; Hua Neng; Zhu Bao-Qiang; Zhu Jian-Qiang; Fang Zhi-Heng; Wang Chen; Huang Xiu-Guang; Zhang Jie

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190501

Abstract

Microwave radiation in several gigahertz frequency band is a common phenomenon in laser-plasma interactions. It can last hundreds of nanoseconds and cause huge electromagnetic pulse disturbances to electrical devices in experiments. It has been found that the microwave radiation might originate from the oscillation of charged chambers, the return current on target holders, the dipole radiation, the quadrupole radiation, and the electron bunch emitted from the plasma to the vacuum. The microwave radiation waveform, frequency spectrum, and intensity depend on many factors such as laser pulse, target, and chamber parameter. To distinguish the microwave radiation mechanisms, the influence of the experimental parameters on the radiation characteristics should be investigated systematically. In this paper we investigate the microwave radiation influenced by the laser intensity in nanosecond laser-plasma interactions. It is found that the microwave radiation intensity varies nonmonotonically with the laser intensity. For the lower laser intensity, the radiation intensity first increases and then decreases with laser intensity increasing, the radiation field continuously oscillates in tens of nanoseconds, and the radiation spectrum contains two components below and above 0.3 GHz, respectively. For the higher laser intensity, the radiation intensity increases with the laser intensity increasing, the radiation field has a unipolar radiation lasting tens of nanoseconds, and the radiation spectrum mainly includes the component below 0.3 GHz. The waveform and spectrum analysis show that these phenomena are due to the difference of the radiation mechanisms at different laser intensities. The frequency component below and above 0.3 GHz are induced by the electron bunch emitted from the plasma to the vacuum and the dipole radiation respectively. At low laser intensity, both the dipole radiation and the electron bunch emitted from the plasma contribute to the microwave radiation. At high laser intensity, the microwave radiation is mainly produced by the electron beam emitted from the plasma to the vacuum. This work is significant for understanding the microwave radiation mechanisms in nanosecond laser-plasma interactions, and implies the potential to provide a reference to the diagnosing of the escape electrons and the sheath field on the target surface by the microwave radiation in laser-plasma interaction.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012, China
4.
Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
5.
Shanghai Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
6.
Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
7.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
8.
Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Li Yu-Tong, ytli@iphy.ac.cn ; Zhang Zhe, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2016005), the CAS-JSPS Joint Research Program (External Cooperation Program of the BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (Grant No. 112111KYSB20160015), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11520101003, 11827807, 11861121001), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB16010000).

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References

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[10]	Gerdin G, Tanis M J, Venneri F 1986 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 28 527 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 实验布局图

Figure 1. Experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同激光强度下, 四个方向上对应的电场峰幅值

Figure 2. Peak E-field magnitude versus laser intensity in the four different directions.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 入射激光强度分别为(a) 5.7 × 10¹⁴, (b) 7.4 × 10¹⁴, (c) 1.5 × 10¹⁵, (d) 2.0 × 10¹⁵, (e) 2.9 × 10¹⁵, (f) 6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm²时, 靶前靠近法线方向上的电场时间波形

Figure 3. Electric field waveforms detected by the monopole antenna-3 at laser intensities of (a) 5.7 × 10¹⁴, (b) 7.4 × 10¹⁴, (c) 1.5 × 10¹⁵, (d) 2.0 × 10¹⁵, (e) 2.9 × 10¹⁵, and (f) 6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm².

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 入射激光强度分别为(a) 5.7 × 10¹⁴, (b) 7.4 × 10¹⁴, (c) 1.5 × 10¹⁵, (d) 2.0 × 10¹⁵, (e) 2.9 × 10¹⁵, (f) 6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm²时, 靶前靠近法线方向上电场的频谱分布

Figure 4. Frequency spectra of the electric fields detected by the monopole antenna-3 at laser intensities of (a) 5.7 × 10¹⁴, (b) 7.4 × 10¹⁴, (c) 1.5 × 10¹⁵, (d) 2.0 × 10¹⁵, (e) 2.9 × 10¹⁵, and (f) 6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm².

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 入射激光强度为1.5 × 10¹⁵ W/cm²时, 不同方向测量的电场波形及其频谱分布　(a)和(e)对应单极天线-1; (b)和(f)对应单极天线-2; (c)和(g)对应单极天线-3; (d)和(h)对应单极天线-4

Figure 5. Electric field waveforms and their corresponding frequency spectra detected by the four monopole antennas. (a) and (e) correspond to the monopole antenna-1, (b) and (f) correspond to the monopole antenna-2, (c) and (g) correspond to the monopole antenna-3, (d) and (h) correspond to the monopole antenna-4. The laser intensity is 1.5 × 10¹⁵ W/cm².

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 入射激光强度为6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm²时, 不同方向测量的电场波形及其频谱分布　(a)和(e)对应单极天线-1; (b)和(f)对应单极天线-2; (c)和(g)对应单极天线-3; (d)和(h)对应单极天线-4

Figure 6. Electric field waveforms and their corresponding frequency spectra detected by the four monopole antennas. (a) and (e) correspond to the monopole antenna-1, (b) and (f) correspond to the monopole antenna-2, (c) and (g) correspond to the monopole antenna-3, (d) and (h) correspond to the monopole antenna-4. The laser intensity is 6.2 × 10¹⁵ W/cm².

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 不同方向测量的微波辐射能量随激光强度的变化(a)单位立体角内产生的总辐射能; (b)单位立体角内产生的0.3 GHz以下的辐射能; (c)单位立体角内产生的0.3 GHz以上的辐射能

Figure 7. Radiation energy versus laser intensity at different directions: (a) Total radiation energy detected by the antennas; (b) radiation energy at frequencies lower than 0.3 GHz; (c) radiation energy at frequencies upper than 0.3 GHz.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Campbell E M, Goncharov V N, Sangster T C, Regan S P, Radha P B, Betti R, Myatt J F, Froula D H, Rosenberg M J, Igumenshchev I V, Seka W, Solodov A A, Maximov A V, Marozas J A, Collins T J B, Turnbull D, Marshall F J, Shvydky A, Knauer J P, McCrory R L, Sefkow A B, Hohenberger M, Michel P A, Chapman T, Masse L, Goyon C, Ross S, Bates J W, Karasik M, Oh J, Weaver J, Schmitt A J, Obenschain K, Obenschain S P, Reyes S, Wonterghem V 2017 Matter Radiat. Extremes 2 37 Google Scholar
[2]	Snavely R A, Key M H, Hatchett S P, Cowan T E, Roth M, Phillips T W, Stoyer M A, Henry E A, Sangster T C, Singh M S, Wilks S C, MacKinnon A, Offenberger A, Pennington D M, Yasuike K, Langdon A B, Lasinski B F, Johnson J, Perry M D, Campbell E M 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2945 Google Scholar
[3]	Mangles S P D, Murphy C D, Najmudin Z, Thomas A G R, Collier J L, Dangor A E, Divall E J, Foster P S, Gallacher J G, Hooker C J, Jaroszynski D A, Langley A J, Mori W B, Norreys P A, Tsung F S, Viskup R, Walton B R, Krushelnick K 2004 Nature 431 535 Google Scholar
[4]	Phuoc K T, Corde S, Thaury C, Malka V, Tafzi A, Goddet J P, Shah R C, Sebban S, Rousse A 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 308 Google Scholar
[5]	Rousse A, Phuoc K T, Shah R, Pukhov A, Lefebvre E, Malka V, Kiselev S, Burgy F, Rousseau J, Umstadter D, Hulin D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 135005 Google Scholar
[6]	Liao G, Li Y, Liu H, Scott G G, Neely D, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Zhang Z, Armstrong C, Zemaityte E, Bradford P, Huggard P G, Rusby, D R, McKenna P, Brenner C M, Woolsey N C, Wang W, Sheng Z, Zhang J 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116 3994 Google Scholar
[7]	Robinson T S, Consoli F, Giltrap S, Eardley S J, Hicks G S, Ditter E J, Ettlinger O, Stuart N H, Notley M, de Angelis R, Najmudin Z, Smith R A 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 983 Google Scholar
[8]	Meng C, Xu Z Q, Jiang Y S, Zheng W G, Dang Z 2017 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 64 10 Google Scholar
[9]	Pearlman J S, Dahlbacka G H 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 457 Google Scholar
[10]	Gerdin G, Tanis M J, Venneri F 1986 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 28 527 Google Scholar
[11]	Mead M J, Neely D, Gauoin J, Heathcote R, Patel P 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 4225 Google Scholar
[12]	Raimbourg J 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 4234 Google Scholar
[13]	Felber F S 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 231501 Google Scholar
[14]	Remo J L, Adams R G, Jones M C 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 6166 Google Scholar
[15]	Miragliotta J, Brawley B, Sailor C, Spicer J B, Spicer J W M 2011 Proc. SPIE 8037 80370N-1 Google Scholar
[16]	Chen Z Y, Li J F, Yu Y, Wang J X, Li X Y, Peng Q X, Zhu W J 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 113116 Google Scholar
[17]	戴宇佳, 宋晓伟, 高勋, 王兴生, 林景全 2017 物理学报 66 185201 Google Scholar Dai Y J, Song X W, Gao X, Wang X S, Lin J Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 185201 Google Scholar
[18]	Englesbe A, Elle J, Reid R, Lucero A, Pohle H, Domonkos M, Kalmykov S, Krushelnick K, Schmitt-Sody A 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 4953
[19]	Brown C G, Bond E, Clancy T, Dangi S, Eder D C, Ferguson W, Kimbrough J, Throop A 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 244 032001 Google Scholar
[20]	Tao Y, Yang M, Wang C, Yang W, Li Y, Liu S, Jiang S, Ding Y, Xiao S 2016 Photon. Sens. 6 249 Google Scholar
[21]	Bradford P, Woolsey N C, Scott G G, Liao G, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Armstrong C, Astbury S, Brenner C, Brummitt P, Consoli F, East I, Gray R, Haddock D, Huggard P, Jones P J R, Montgomery E, Musgrave I, Oliveira P, Rusby D R, Spindloe C, Summers B, Zemaityte E, Zhang Z, Li Y, McKenna P, Neely D 2018 High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 6 e21 Google Scholar
[22]	Brown C G, Ayers J, Felker B, Ferguson W, Holder J P, Nagel S R, Piston K W, Simanovskaia N, Throop A L, Chung M, Hilsabeck T 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 10D729 Google Scholar
[23]	Brown C G, Clancy T J, Eder D C, Ferguson W, Throop A L 2013 EPJ Web of Conferences 59 08012 Google Scholar
[24]	Consoli F, de Angelis R, de Marco M, Krasa J, Cikhardt J, Pfeifer M, Margarone D, Klir D, Dudzak R 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 105006 Google Scholar
[25]	Chen Z Y, Li J F, Li J, Peng Q X 2011 Plasma Scr. 83 055503
[26]	Consoli F, de Angelis R, Duvillaret L, Andreoli P L, Cipriani M, Cristofari G, Di Giorgio G, Ingenito F, Verona C 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 27889 Google Scholar
[27]	Krása J, de Marco M, Cikhardt J, Pfeifer M, Velyhan A, Klír D, Řezáč K, Limpouch J, Krouský E, Dostál J, Ullschmied J, Dudžák R 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 065007 Google Scholar

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