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Potential energy curves (PECs), permanent dipole moments (PDMs) and transition dipole moments (TMDs) of five Λ-S states of SeH− anion are calculated by the MRCI + Q method with ACVQZ-DK basis set. The core-valence corrections, Davidson corrections, scalar relativistic corrections, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects are also considered. In the CASSCF step, Se(1s2s2p3s3p) shells are put into the frozen orbitals, which are not optimized. Six molecular orbitals are chosen as active space, including H(1s) and Se(4s4p5s) shells, and eight electrons are distributed in a (4, 1, 1, 0) active space, which is referred to as CAS (8, 6), and the Se(3d) shell is selected as a closed-shell, which keeps doubly occupation. In the MRCI step, the remaining Se(3d) shell is used for core-valence calculations of SeH− anion. The SOC effects are taken into account in the one- and two- electron Breit-Pauli operators. The b3Σ+ state is a repulsive state. Other excited states are bound, and all states possess two potential wells. The $ {{\rm{b}}^{{3}}}\Sigma _{{0^ - }}^ + $ and$ {{\rm{b}}^3}\Sigma _{{1}}^ + $ both turn into bound states when the SOC effect is considered. All spectroscopic parameters of Λ-S states and Ω states are reported for the first time. The TDMs of the$ {{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,$ {{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{1}}}$ , and$ {{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}}$ transitions are also calculated. The TDMs of the$ {{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ and$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ transitions are large in the Franck-Condon region, which are about –2.05 Debye (D) and 1.45 D at Re. Notably, the TDMs of the$ {{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ transition cannot be ignored. The value of TDM at Re equals –0.15 D.Based on the accurately PECs and PDMs, the values of Franck-Condon factor fυ′υ″, vibrational branching ratio Rυ′υ″ and radiative coefficient of the $ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{{{\Pi }}_{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}{{\Sigma }}_{{0^ + }}^ + $ , and$ {{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ transitions are also calculated. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factor f00 and the values of vibrational branching ratio R00 of the$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{1}}}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ , and$ {{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ transitions are obtained, respectively. Spontaneous radiation lifetimes of the$ {{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}}$ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}}$ , and$ {{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _{{1}}}$ excited states are all short for rapid laser cooling. The influences of intervening states of the$ {{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ transition can be ignored. The proposed cooling wavelengths using the$ {{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ ,$ {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ , and$ {{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1}(\upsilon ') \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + (\upsilon '')$ transitions are all in the visible region.-
Keywords:
- spin-orbit coupling effects /
- vibrational branching ratios /
- spontaneous radiative lifetimes /
- laser cooling
[1] Shuman E S, Barry J F, DeMille D 2010 Nature 467 820Google Scholar
[2] Hummon M T, Yeo M, Stuhl B K, Collopy A L, Xia Y, Ye J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 143001Google Scholar
[3] Zhelyazkova V, Cournol A, Wall T E, Matsushima A, Hudson J J, Hinds E A, Tarbutt M R, Sauer B E 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 053416Google Scholar
[4] Gao Y, Gao T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 052506Google Scholar
[5] You Y, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 032502Google Scholar
[6] Cui J, Xu J G, Qi J X, Dou G, Zhang Y G 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 103101Google Scholar
[7] Wan M J, Yuan D, Jin C G, Wang F H, Yang Y J, Yu Y, Shao J X 2016 J. Chem. Phys. 145 024309Google Scholar
[8] 张云光, 张华, 窦戈, 徐建刚 2017 物理学报 66 233101Google Scholar
Zhang Y G, Zhang H, Dou G, Xu J G 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 233101Google Scholar
[9] Xu L, Wei W, Xia Y, Deng L Z, Yin J P 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 033702Google Scholar
[10] Yzombard P, Hamamda M, Gerber S, Doser M, Comparat D 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 213001Google Scholar
[11] Zhang Q Q, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2017 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 185 365Google Scholar
[12] Zhang Q Q, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2017 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 182 130Google Scholar
[13] Zeid I, Abdallah R A, El Kork N, Korek M 2020 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 224 117461Google Scholar
[14] Wan M J, Huang D H, Yu Y, Zhang Y G 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 27360Google Scholar
[15] 万明杰, 李松, 金成国, 罗华锋 2019 物理学报 68 063103Google Scholar
Wan M J, Li S, Jin C G, Luo H F 2019 Acta. Phys. Sin. 68 063103Google Scholar
[16] Deng B L, Wan M J, Zhao X F, Tang K, Zhang X Q 2020 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 227 117684Google Scholar
[17] Stoneman R C, Larson D J 1987 Phys. Rev. A 35 2928Google Scholar
[18] Brown J M, Fackerell A D 1982 Physica. Scripta. 25 351Google Scholar
[19] Balasubramanian K, Liao M Z, Han M 1987 Chem. Phys. Lett. 139 551Google Scholar
[20] Binning Jr R C, Curtiss L A 1990 J. Chem. Phys. 92 1860Google Scholar
[21] Werner H J, Knowles P J, Knizia G, et al. 2010 MOLPRO, a Package of ab initio Programs (version 2010.1)
[22] Knowles P J, Werner H J 1985 J. Chem. Phys. 82 5053Google Scholar
[23] Werner H J, Meyer W 1980 J. Chem. Phys. 73 2342Google Scholar
[24] Werner H J, Knowles P J 1988 J. Chem. Phys. 89 5803Google Scholar
[25] Knowles P J, Werner H J 1988 Chem. Phys. Lett. 145 514Google Scholar
[26] Laughoff S R, Davidson E R 1974 Int. J Quantum. Chem. 8 61Google Scholar
[27] Douglas N, Kroll N M 1974 Ann. Phys. 82 89Google Scholar
[28] Hess B A 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 3742Google Scholar
[29] Berning A, Schweizer M, Werner H J, Knowles P J, Palmieri P 2000 Mol. Phys. 98 1823Google Scholar
[30] DeYonker N J, Peterson K A, Wilson A K 2007 J. Phys Chem A 111 11383Google Scholar
[31] Dunning Jr T H 1989 J. Chem. Phys. 90 1007Google Scholar
[32] Le Roy R J 2007 LEVEL 8.0: a Computer Program for Solving the Radial Schröinger Equation for Bound and Quasibound Levels (Waterloo: University of Waterloo) Chemical Physics Research Report CP-663
[33] Huber K, Herzberg G 1979 Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure Vol. 4. Constants of Diatomic Molecules (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold) p586
[34] Moore C E 1971 Atomic Energy Levels (Vol. 1) (Washington, DC: US Govt Printing Office) pp2, 150
[35] Lykke K R, Murray K K, Lineberger W C 1991 Rhys. Rev. A 43 6104Google Scholar
[36] Hotop H, Lineberger W C 1985 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 731Google Scholar
[37] Lane I C 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 022511Google Scholar
[38] You Y, Yang C L, Zhang Q Q, Wang M S, Ma X G, Wang W W 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 19838Google Scholar
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图 3
${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _1}$ 和${{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}}$ 跃迁的跃迁偶极矩Figure 3. Transition dipole moments of the
${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _1}$ , and${{\rm{A}}^{{1}}}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}}$ transition.图 4 激光冷却SeH–阴离子的方案 (a)
${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ 跃迁; (b)${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ 跃迁Figure 4. Proposed laser cooling scheme: (a) Using the
${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ transition; (b) using the${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ transition.表 1 Λ-S的光谱常数
Table 1. Spectroscopic parameters of the Λ-S states.
Λ-S态 来源 Re/Å ωe/cm–1 ωeχe/cm–1 Be/cm–1 De/eV Te/cm–1 X1Σ+ ACVQZ-DK 1.4694 2300.77 46.10 7.8507 3.487 0 AVQZ-DK 1.4614 2380.32 45.57 7.9326 3.711 实验[17] 1.4696 a 7.7289 c 1.4806 b a3Π 本文工作 第一势阱 1.4778 2206.52 123.45 7.8428 0.519 20642.90 第二势阱 2.1787 839.87 49.66 3.44016 0.450 24549.11 A1Π 本文工作 第一势阱 1.4726 2373.65 127.14 7.8391 0.734 21240.75 第二势阱 2.2780 437.62 44.07 3.0932 0.147 26997.57 b3Σ+ 本文工作 repulsive 21Σ+ 本文工作 第一势阱 1.6188 1336.45 — 6.1955 0.228 51684.73 第二势阱 4.0808 198.90 9.96 1.0190 0.135 46349.30 注: a 为SeH分子基态的平衡核间距的实验值来源于文献[18]; b为SeH分子基态的平衡核间距的实验值来源于文献[33], 结果不准确;
c 为采用最小二乘法得到转动惯量B.表 2 第VI主簇氢化物阴离子基态的光谱常数
Table 2. Spectroscopic parameters of the ground state X1Σ+ of the Group VI-hydride anions.
表 3 Ω态的离解关系
Table 3. Calculated dissociation relationships of the Ω states.
表 4 Ω电子态的光谱常数
Table 4. Spectroscopic parameters of the Ω states.
Ω态 Re/Å ωe/cm–1 ωeχe/cm–1 Be/cm–1 De/eV Te/cm–1 ${{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ 1.4694 2301.31 47.01 7.8499 3.395 0 ${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _2}$ 第一势阱 1.4777 2207.22 122.39 7.8416 0.523 19787.17 第二势阱 2.1739 861.02 52.10 3.4081 0.454 23751.54 ${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}}$ 第一势阱 1.4759 2232.16 111.70 7.8434 0.560 20036.27 第二势阱 2.1822 818.11 55.64 3.3929 0.386 24301.10 ${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^ - }}}$ 第一势阱 1.4778 2205.83 124.97 7.8485 0.513 21472.52 第二势阱 2.1986 778.28 73.70 3.4048 0.267 25261.96 ${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{{{0}}^{{ + }}}}}$ 第一势阱 1.4777 2208.03 122.90 7.8422 0.522 21477.12 第二势阱 2.1619 904.15 49.02 3.4355 0.527 25454.22 ${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _{{1}}}$ 第一势阱 1.4744 2368.50 144.22 7.8262 0.686 21821.04 第二势阱 排斥态 ${{\rm{b}}^3}\Sigma _{{0^ - }}^ + $ 第一势阱 3.1807 318.89 35.64 1.6988 0.096 28945.41 ${{\rm{b}}^3}\Sigma _{{1}}^ + $ 第二势阱 3.2046 239.13 30.94 1.6662 0.066 29184.63 ${2^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ 第一势阱 1.6190 1332.50 — 6.1895 0.225 51714.58 第二势阱 4.0800 190.57 8.84 1.0190 0.135 46351.94 表 5
${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ 和${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow $ ${{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ +$ 跃迁的辐射系数${A_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ 、弗兰克-康登因子${f_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ 和振动分支比${R_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ Table 5. Emission rates
${A_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ , Franck-Condon Factors${f_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ , branching ratios${R_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ of the${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ ,${{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow {{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $ , and${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow $ ${{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ +$ transitions.Index ${{\rm{a}}^3}{\Pi _{{1}}} \leftrightarrow $
${{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $${{\rm{a}}^{{3}}}{\Pi _{{0^ + }}} \leftrightarrow $
${{\rm{X}}^{{1}}}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $${{\rm{A}}^1}{\Pi _1} \leftrightarrow$
$ {{\rm{X}}^1}\Sigma _{{0^ + }}^ + $${f_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ f00 0.9949 0.9922 0.9974 f01 0.0047 0.0072 0.0025 f02 0.0004 0.0006 0.0001 f10 0.0051 0.0079 0.0026 f11 0.9541 0.9324 0.9792 f12 0.0337 0.0486 0.0159 ${A_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}\rm /s$ A00 5.02×106 8.02×104 1.36×107 A01 1.88×102 4.28×103 1.87×104 A02 2.81×101 7.48×101 2.00×103 A10 1.10×105 6.50×102 5.79×104 A11 4.13×106 9.13×104 1.32×107 A12 1.32×104 1.57×104 1.45×105 ${R_{\upsilon '\upsilon ''}}$ R00 0.99996 0.9484 0.9985 R01 3.7×10–5 0.0506 0.0014 R02 5.6×10–6 0.0009 0.0001 R10 0.02592 0.0060 0.0043 R11 0.9707 0.8394 0.9836 R12 0.0031 0.1446 0.0108 -
[1] Shuman E S, Barry J F, DeMille D 2010 Nature 467 820Google Scholar
[2] Hummon M T, Yeo M, Stuhl B K, Collopy A L, Xia Y, Ye J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 143001Google Scholar
[3] Zhelyazkova V, Cournol A, Wall T E, Matsushima A, Hudson J J, Hinds E A, Tarbutt M R, Sauer B E 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 053416Google Scholar
[4] Gao Y, Gao T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 052506Google Scholar
[5] You Y, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 032502Google Scholar
[6] Cui J, Xu J G, Qi J X, Dou G, Zhang Y G 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 103101Google Scholar
[7] Wan M J, Yuan D, Jin C G, Wang F H, Yang Y J, Yu Y, Shao J X 2016 J. Chem. Phys. 145 024309Google Scholar
[8] 张云光, 张华, 窦戈, 徐建刚 2017 物理学报 66 233101Google Scholar
Zhang Y G, Zhang H, Dou G, Xu J G 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 233101Google Scholar
[9] Xu L, Wei W, Xia Y, Deng L Z, Yin J P 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 033702Google Scholar
[10] Yzombard P, Hamamda M, Gerber S, Doser M, Comparat D 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 213001Google Scholar
[11] Zhang Q Q, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2017 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 185 365Google Scholar
[12] Zhang Q Q, Yang C L, Wang M S, Ma X G, Liu W W 2017 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 182 130Google Scholar
[13] Zeid I, Abdallah R A, El Kork N, Korek M 2020 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 224 117461Google Scholar
[14] Wan M J, Huang D H, Yu Y, Zhang Y G 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 27360Google Scholar
[15] 万明杰, 李松, 金成国, 罗华锋 2019 物理学报 68 063103Google Scholar
Wan M J, Li S, Jin C G, Luo H F 2019 Acta. Phys. Sin. 68 063103Google Scholar
[16] Deng B L, Wan M J, Zhao X F, Tang K, Zhang X Q 2020 Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 227 117684Google Scholar
[17] Stoneman R C, Larson D J 1987 Phys. Rev. A 35 2928Google Scholar
[18] Brown J M, Fackerell A D 1982 Physica. Scripta. 25 351Google Scholar
[19] Balasubramanian K, Liao M Z, Han M 1987 Chem. Phys. Lett. 139 551Google Scholar
[20] Binning Jr R C, Curtiss L A 1990 J. Chem. Phys. 92 1860Google Scholar
[21] Werner H J, Knowles P J, Knizia G, et al. 2010 MOLPRO, a Package of ab initio Programs (version 2010.1)
[22] Knowles P J, Werner H J 1985 J. Chem. Phys. 82 5053Google Scholar
[23] Werner H J, Meyer W 1980 J. Chem. Phys. 73 2342Google Scholar
[24] Werner H J, Knowles P J 1988 J. Chem. Phys. 89 5803Google Scholar
[25] Knowles P J, Werner H J 1988 Chem. Phys. Lett. 145 514Google Scholar
[26] Laughoff S R, Davidson E R 1974 Int. J Quantum. Chem. 8 61Google Scholar
[27] Douglas N, Kroll N M 1974 Ann. Phys. 82 89Google Scholar
[28] Hess B A 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 3742Google Scholar
[29] Berning A, Schweizer M, Werner H J, Knowles P J, Palmieri P 2000 Mol. Phys. 98 1823Google Scholar
[30] DeYonker N J, Peterson K A, Wilson A K 2007 J. Phys Chem A 111 11383Google Scholar
[31] Dunning Jr T H 1989 J. Chem. Phys. 90 1007Google Scholar
[32] Le Roy R J 2007 LEVEL 8.0: a Computer Program for Solving the Radial Schröinger Equation for Bound and Quasibound Levels (Waterloo: University of Waterloo) Chemical Physics Research Report CP-663
[33] Huber K, Herzberg G 1979 Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure Vol. 4. Constants of Diatomic Molecules (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold) p586
[34] Moore C E 1971 Atomic Energy Levels (Vol. 1) (Washington, DC: US Govt Printing Office) pp2, 150
[35] Lykke K R, Murray K K, Lineberger W C 1991 Rhys. Rev. A 43 6104Google Scholar
[36] Hotop H, Lineberger W C 1985 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 731Google Scholar
[37] Lane I C 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 022511Google Scholar
[38] You Y, Yang C L, Zhang Q Q, Wang M S, Ma X G, Wang W W 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 19838Google Scholar
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