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The optical absorption property of the nanocrystalline La1–x Srx B6 powder and thermionic emission property of the La1–x Srx B6 polycrystalline bulk are investigated. As a result, the transmission wavelength of LaB6 is red-shifted from 591 nm to 658 nm with the increase of Sr doping content. The emission tests indicate that the thermionic emission current density of La1–x Srx B6 polycrystalline bulk increases from 2.3 A/cm2 to 19.36 A/cm2 with the increase of La doping content under an applied voltage of 2000 V. The first-principle calculation results reveal that Sr doping LaB6 leads plasma frequency energy and Fermi level to decrease, resulting in the tunable characteristics of transmission wavelength and enhancement of thermionic emission. Therefore, the Sr-doped LaB6 as a multifunctional ceramic has a potential application in the field of optical filter or becomes a promising cathode for microwave device.
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Keywords:
- LaB6 nanocrystalline /
- optical absorption /
- thermionic emission
[1] Kirley M P, Novakovic B, Sule N, Weber M J, Knezevic I, Booske J H 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 063717Google Scholar
[2] Xu J Q, Hou G H, Li H Q, Zhai T Y, Dong B P, Yan H L, Wang Y R, Yu B H, Bando Y, Golberg D 2013 NPG Asia Mater. 5 547Google Scholar
[3] Kumari M, Gautam S, Shah P V, Pal S, Ojha U S, Kumar A, Naik A A, Rawat J S, Chaudhury P K, Harsh, Tandon R P 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 4995Google Scholar
[4] Yuan Y F, Zhang L, HuLJ, Wang W, Min G H 2011 J. Solid State Chem. 184 3364Google Scholar
[5] Tang H B, Su Y C, Tan J, Hu T, GongJY, Xiao L H 2014 Superattice Microst. 75 908Google Scholar
[6] Chao L M, Bao L H, Wei W, Tegus O, Zhang Z D 2016 J. Alloys. Compd. 672 419Google Scholar
[7] Mattox T M, Agrawal A, Milliron D J 2015 Chem. Mater. 27 6620Google Scholar
[8] Chen M C, Lin Z W, Ling M H 2016 Acs Nano 10 93Google Scholar
[9] Chen C J, Chen D H 2012 Chem. Eng. 180 337Google Scholar
[10] Tang S L, Huang W C, Gao Y, An N, Wu Y D, Yang B, Yan M, Cao J Y, Guo C S 2021 J. Mater. Chem. B 9 4380Google Scholar
[11] Takeda H, Kuno H, Adachi K 2008 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91 2897Google Scholar
[12] Schelm S, Smith G B 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4346Google Scholar
[13] Adachi K, Miratsu M, Asahi T 2010 J. Mater. Res. 25 510Google Scholar
[14] Schelm S, Smith G B, Grrett P D, Fisher W K 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 124314Google Scholar
[15] Smith G B 2002 Mater. Forum. 26 20
[16] Bao L H, Qi X P, Ta N, Chao L M, Tegus O 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 19165Google Scholar
[17] Bao L H, Chao L M, Wei W, Tegus O 2015 Mater. Lett. 139 187Google Scholar
[18] Bao L H, Qi X P, Bao T N, Tegus O 2018 J. Alloy. Compd. 731 332Google Scholar
[19] Zhou S L, Zhang J X, Bao L H, Yu X G, Hu Q L, Hu D Q 2014 J. Alloys. Compd. 611 130Google Scholar
[20] Hasan M M, Cuskelly D, Sugo H, Kisi E H 2015 J. Alloy. Compd. 636 37Google Scholar
[21] Hohenberg P, Kohn W 1964 Phys. Rev. 136 B864
[22] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892Google Scholar
[23] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865Google Scholar
[24] Chao L M, Bao L H, Shi J J, Wei W, Tegus O, Zhang Z D 2015 J. Alloy. Compd. 622 618Google Scholar
[25] Liu H L, Zhang X, Ning S Y 2017 Vacuum 143 245Google Scholar
[26] Bao L H, Ming M, Tegus O 2015 J. Inorg. Mater. 30 1110Google Scholar
[27] Xiao L H, Su Y C, Zhou X Z, Chen H Y, Tan J, Hu T, Yan J, Peng P 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 041913Google Scholar
[28] Kimura S, Nanba T, Kunii S, Kasuya T 1990 Phys. Rev. B 59 3388Google Scholar
[29] Kauer E 1963 Phys. Lett. 7 171Google Scholar
[30] Kimura S, Nanba T, Kunii S, Suzuki T, Kasuya T 1990 Solid State Commun. 75 717Google Scholar
[31] Bao L H, Qi X P, Ta N, Chao L M, Tegus O 2016 Cryst. Eng. Comm. 18 1223Google Scholar
[32] Xin S W, Liu S C, Wang N, Han X Y, Wang L M, Xu B, Tian Y J, Liu Z Y, He J L, Yu D L 2011 J. Alloy. Compd. 509 7927Google Scholar
[33] Zheng S, Zou Z, Min G, Yu H S, Han J D, Wang W T 2002 J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21 313Google Scholar
[34] Wang J, Zhu C, Meng F S, Liu G B, Gu Y, Wang H D, Gao S S, Wang K M 2018 Mod. Phys. Lett. B 32 1850007Google Scholar
[35] Futamoto M, Nakazawa M, Kawabe U 1980 Surf. Sci 100 470Google Scholar
[36] Swanson L W, Mcneely D R 1979 Surf. Sci 83 11Google Scholar
[37] 周身林, 张久兴, 刘丹敏 2010 强激光与离子束 22 171Google Scholar
Zhou S L, Zhang J X, Liu D M 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22 171Google Scholar
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图 3 不同反应温度下所制备的纳米La1–x Srx B6 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)粉末SEM照片 (a)—(d)反应温度为1150 ℃; (e)—(h)反应温度为1200℃. 最底层为纳米La0.4Sr0.6B6粉末元素分布及EDS分析
Figure 3. SEM image of La1–x Srx B6 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) nanoparticles (a)−(d) prepared at 1150 ℃, (e)−(h) prepared at 1200 ℃. The lowest side shows the elements mapping and EDS analysis of La0.4Sr0.6B6 nanoparticles.
图 4 纳米La0.4Sr0.6B6粉末的(a) TEM照片、(b)单颗粒形貌照片、(c) HRTEM照片; (d)图(c)的傅里叶(FFT)变换; (e)—(g)所选择的单晶颗粒的La, Sr, B元素分布图
Figure 4. (a) TEM image of La0.4Sr0.6B6 nanoparticles; (b) selected single crystal morphology; (c) HRTEM image for selected single crystal; (d) indexing FFT patterns from panel (c); (e)−(g) La , Sr , B element mapping for selected single crystal .
图 8 单晶SrB6的(a) (100)面、(b) (110)面、(c) (111)面、(d) (210)面的结构示意图及逸出功计算结果; (e) SrB6多晶块体的热电子发射电流密度随外加电压变化曲线; (f) SrB6多晶块体的lgJ-U 0.5曲线
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of (a) (100) surface, (b) (110) surface, (c) (111) surface, (d) (210) surface of single crystal SrB6 and the calculated results of escape work; (e) thermionic emission current density of SrB6 polycrystalline bulk with applied voltage; (f) lgJ-U 0.5 curves of SrB6 polycrystalline bulk.
表 1 La1–x Srx B6 (x =1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2)多晶块体的零场发射电流密度J0和有效逸出功φe
Table 1. Zero field emission current density J0 and the effective escape work φe of the polycrystalline block La1–x Srx B6 (x = 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2).
Compound 零场发射电流密度(J0) 有效逸出功
φe/
eV1673 K 1773 K SrB6 0.97 1.79 2.845 La0.2Sr0.8B6 1.67 4.73 2.691 La0.4Sr0.6B6 3.5 8.7 2.585 La0.6Sr0.4B6 4.1 8.3 2.573 La0.8Sr0.2B6 5.39 10 2.552 -
[1] Kirley M P, Novakovic B, Sule N, Weber M J, Knezevic I, Booske J H 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 063717Google Scholar
[2] Xu J Q, Hou G H, Li H Q, Zhai T Y, Dong B P, Yan H L, Wang Y R, Yu B H, Bando Y, Golberg D 2013 NPG Asia Mater. 5 547Google Scholar
[3] Kumari M, Gautam S, Shah P V, Pal S, Ojha U S, Kumar A, Naik A A, Rawat J S, Chaudhury P K, Harsh, Tandon R P 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 4995Google Scholar
[4] Yuan Y F, Zhang L, HuLJ, Wang W, Min G H 2011 J. Solid State Chem. 184 3364Google Scholar
[5] Tang H B, Su Y C, Tan J, Hu T, GongJY, Xiao L H 2014 Superattice Microst. 75 908Google Scholar
[6] Chao L M, Bao L H, Wei W, Tegus O, Zhang Z D 2016 J. Alloys. Compd. 672 419Google Scholar
[7] Mattox T M, Agrawal A, Milliron D J 2015 Chem. Mater. 27 6620Google Scholar
[8] Chen M C, Lin Z W, Ling M H 2016 Acs Nano 10 93Google Scholar
[9] Chen C J, Chen D H 2012 Chem. Eng. 180 337Google Scholar
[10] Tang S L, Huang W C, Gao Y, An N, Wu Y D, Yang B, Yan M, Cao J Y, Guo C S 2021 J. Mater. Chem. B 9 4380Google Scholar
[11] Takeda H, Kuno H, Adachi K 2008 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91 2897Google Scholar
[12] Schelm S, Smith G B 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4346Google Scholar
[13] Adachi K, Miratsu M, Asahi T 2010 J. Mater. Res. 25 510Google Scholar
[14] Schelm S, Smith G B, Grrett P D, Fisher W K 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 124314Google Scholar
[15] Smith G B 2002 Mater. Forum. 26 20
[16] Bao L H, Qi X P, Ta N, Chao L M, Tegus O 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 19165Google Scholar
[17] Bao L H, Chao L M, Wei W, Tegus O 2015 Mater. Lett. 139 187Google Scholar
[18] Bao L H, Qi X P, Bao T N, Tegus O 2018 J. Alloy. Compd. 731 332Google Scholar
[19] Zhou S L, Zhang J X, Bao L H, Yu X G, Hu Q L, Hu D Q 2014 J. Alloys. Compd. 611 130Google Scholar
[20] Hasan M M, Cuskelly D, Sugo H, Kisi E H 2015 J. Alloy. Compd. 636 37Google Scholar
[21] Hohenberg P, Kohn W 1964 Phys. Rev. 136 B864
[22] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892Google Scholar
[23] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865Google Scholar
[24] Chao L M, Bao L H, Shi J J, Wei W, Tegus O, Zhang Z D 2015 J. Alloy. Compd. 622 618Google Scholar
[25] Liu H L, Zhang X, Ning S Y 2017 Vacuum 143 245Google Scholar
[26] Bao L H, Ming M, Tegus O 2015 J. Inorg. Mater. 30 1110Google Scholar
[27] Xiao L H, Su Y C, Zhou X Z, Chen H Y, Tan J, Hu T, Yan J, Peng P 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 041913Google Scholar
[28] Kimura S, Nanba T, Kunii S, Kasuya T 1990 Phys. Rev. B 59 3388Google Scholar
[29] Kauer E 1963 Phys. Lett. 7 171Google Scholar
[30] Kimura S, Nanba T, Kunii S, Suzuki T, Kasuya T 1990 Solid State Commun. 75 717Google Scholar
[31] Bao L H, Qi X P, Ta N, Chao L M, Tegus O 2016 Cryst. Eng. Comm. 18 1223Google Scholar
[32] Xin S W, Liu S C, Wang N, Han X Y, Wang L M, Xu B, Tian Y J, Liu Z Y, He J L, Yu D L 2011 J. Alloy. Compd. 509 7927Google Scholar
[33] Zheng S, Zou Z, Min G, Yu H S, Han J D, Wang W T 2002 J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21 313Google Scholar
[34] Wang J, Zhu C, Meng F S, Liu G B, Gu Y, Wang H D, Gao S S, Wang K M 2018 Mod. Phys. Lett. B 32 1850007Google Scholar
[35] Futamoto M, Nakazawa M, Kawabe U 1980 Surf. Sci 100 470Google Scholar
[36] Swanson L W, Mcneely D R 1979 Surf. Sci 83 11Google Scholar
[37] 周身林, 张久兴, 刘丹敏 2010 强激光与离子束 22 171Google Scholar
Zhou S L, Zhang J X, Liu D M 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22 171Google Scholar
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