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The circular dichroism of chiral structure has been widely used in analytical chemistry, industrial pharmacy, biological monitoring, etc. However, the light-matter interaction between natural chiral structures is extremely weak. Plasmonic nanostructures can significantly enhance light-matter interaction. During the fabrication of the visible-to-near-infrared chiral plasmonic metamaterial absorbers, there exists usually a trade-off between the absorption and the sample area, that is, the circular dichroism signal of the large-area structure is small. Besides, the preparation of chiral absorbers working in the visible and near-infrared region usually requires expensive etching or lithography equipment, such as reactive ion etching or electron beam lithography. Therefore, preparing cost-effective chiral absorbers with large circular dichroism is attractive for practical applications. In order to improve the circular dichroism of large-scale chiral absorbers, a honeycomb-shaped elliptical hole absorber is proposed in this paper, and its absorption, circular dichroism, and optical g-factor are studied. By reasonable design, the numerical calculation results show that the circular dichroism can reach about 0.8 under the excitation of chiral polarized light, and the corresponding optical g-factor can reach about 1.7 at 920 nm. Compared with the reported absorber, our chiral absorber has a maximum g-factor value. The giant circular dichroism originates from the symmetry breaking of the structure by tilting ellipse structures, and the tilt angle has a significant influence on circular dichroism. To further explain the absorption difference, the electric profile, surface current distribution, and absorption loss of the chiral absorption at resonant wavelength are analyzed. Finally, we point out that the structure can be prepared by existing technologies, such as nanosphere photolithography: first, a layer of polystyrene (PS) balls is formed by self-organization, which can control the period of the structure; then the size of the PS balls is reduced to a suitable size and spacing by the reactive ion etching; finally, a metallic layer is deposited by oblique angle evaporation. This work provides useful guidance for fabricating the large-scale chiral plasmonic absorbers.
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Keywords:
- optical absorption /
- circular dichroism /
- plasmonics /
- chiral
[1] Kuzyk A, Schreiber R, Fan Z, Pardatscher G, Roller E, Hogele A, Simmel F C, Govorov A O, Liedl T 2012 Nature 483 7389
[2] Hentschel M, Schäferling M, Duan X, Giessen H, Liu N 2017 Sci. Adv. 3 5
[3] Yu P, BesteiroL V, HuangY, Wu J, Fu L, Tan H H, Jagadish C, Wiederrecht G P, Govorov A O, Wang Z 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 3
[4] Yu P, Besteiro L V, W Jiang, Huang Y, Wang Y, Govorov A O, Wang Z 2018 Opt. Express 26 16
[5] Zou J, Yu P, Wang W, Tong X, Chang L, Wu C, Du W, Ji H, Huang Y, Niu X, Govorov A O, Wu J, Wang Z 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 105106
[6] Li W, Coppens J, Besteiro L V, Wang W, Govorov A O, Valentine J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8379
Google Scholar
[7] Kong X T, Khorashad K, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2018 Nano Lett. 18 3
[8] Liu T, Besteiro V, Liedl T, Correa-Duarte M A, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2019 Nano Lett. 19 2
[9] Wang W, Besteiro L V, Liu T, Wu C, Sun J, Yu P, Chang L, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2019 ACS Photonics 6 12
Google Scholar
[10] Wu X, Xu L, Liu L, Ma W, Yin H, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C, Kotov N A 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 49
[11] Ouyang L, Rosenmann D, Czaplewski D A, Gao J, Yang X 2020 Nanotechnology 31 29
[12] He G, Shang X, Yue J, Zhai X, Xia S, Li H, Wang L 2020 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37 4
Google Scholar
[13] Khorashad K L, Besteiro L V, Correa-Duarte M A, Burger S, Wang Z M, Govorov A O 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 9
[14] Frank B, Yin X, Schäferling M, Zhao J, Hein S M, Braun P V, Giessen H 2013 ACS Nano 7 7
[15] Dietrich K, Lehr D, Helgert C, Tünnermann A, Kley E B 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 OP321
Google Scholar
[16] Decker M, Ruther M, Kriegler C E, Zhou J, Soukoulis C M, Linden S, Wegener M 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 16
Google Scholar
[17] 陈珊珊, 刘幸, 刘之光, 李家方 2019 物理学报 68 248101
Google Scholar
Chen S S, Liu X, Liu Z G, Li J F 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 248101
Google Scholar
[18] Huang Y, Yao Z, Hu F, Liu C, Yu L, Jin Y, Xu X 2017 Carbon 119 305
Google Scholar
[19] Hendry E, Carpy T, Johnston J, Popland M, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Lapthorn A J, Kelly S M, Barron L D, Gadegaard N, Kadodwala M 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 11
Google Scholar
[20] Petronijević E, Leahu G, Voti R L, Belardini A, Scian C, Michieli N, Cesca T, Matte G, Sibilia C 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 053101
Google Scholar
[21] Johnson P B, Christy R W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 6 4370
Google Scholar
[22] Tang B, Li Z, Palacios E, Liu Z, Butun S, Aydin K 2017 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29 3
Google Scholar
[23] Ouyang L, Wang W, Rosenmann D, Czaplewski D A, Gao J, Yang X 2018 Opt. Express 26 24
[24] Xiao W, Shi X, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zeng Y 2019 Phys. Scr. 94 8
[25] Rongkuo Z, Thomas K, Costas S 2010 Opt. Express 18 14
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图 1 手性等离激元吸收器的结构示意图 (a) 三维立体结构图; (b) x-y平面图; (c) x-z平面图
Figure 1. Schematic of the proposed chiral plasmonic absorber: (a) Three dimensional schematic of the absorber; (b) schematic of the absorber in x-y plane; (c) schematic of the absorber in x-z plane.
图 2 椭圆孔洞长轴a变化时的吸收谱, CD谱和g-factor (a), (b) 吸收谱; (c) CD谱; (d) g-factor
Figure 2. Simulated absorption spectra, CD spectra and g-factor with the long axis of the ellipse a changes: (a), (b) Absorption spectra; (c) CD spectra; (d) g-factor
图 3 椭圆孔洞短轴b变化时的吸收谱、CD谱和g-factor (a), (b) 吸收谱; (c) CD谱; (d) g-factor
Figure 3. Simulated absorption spectra, CD spectra and g-factor with the short axis of the ellipse b changes: (a), (b) Absorption spectra; (c) CD spectra; (d) g-factor.
图 4 椭圆倾斜角θ变化时的 (a) (b) 吸收谱, (c) CD谱, (d) g-factor
Figure 4. Simulated absorption spectra, CD spectra and g-factor with the angle of the ellipse θ changes: (a), (b) Absorption spectra; (c) CD spectra; (d) g-factor.
图 5 顶层结构厚度h1变化时的 (a), (b) 吸收谱, (c) CD谱, (d) g-factor
Figure 5. Simulated absorption spectra, CD spectra and g-factor with the thickness of the top layer h1 changes: (a), (b) Absorption spectra; (c) CD spectra; (d) g-factor.
图 6 电介质SiO2层厚度h2变化时的 (a), (b) 吸收谱, (c) CD谱, (d) g-factor
Figure 6. Simulated absorption spectra, CD spectra, and g-factor with the thickness of the SiO2 layer h2 changes: (a), (b) Absorption spectra; (c) CD spectra; (d) g-factor.
图 7 不同偏振的入射光照射下, 共振波长在920 nm附近的 (a)和 (b) 归一化电场E/E0分布图, 未归一化前, LCP和RCP光照射下E/E0最大值分别为11和36; (c) 和 (d) 表面电流分布图; (e) 和 (f) 吸收损耗(吸收密度)图. 图(a), (c)和 (e) 为LCP入射; 图(b), (d) 和 (f) 为RCP入射
Figure 7. (a), (b) Normalized electric field E/E0; (c), (d) Surface current distribution; (e), (f) Absorption loss (absorption density) at the wavelength of 920 nm with different circularly polarized illuminations. (a), (c) and (e) For LCP; (b), (d) and (f) for RCP; the non-normalized maximum values of E/E0 under LCP and RCP light irradiation are 11 and 36, respectively.
图 8 LCP和RCP光入射结构时反射波中两种圆偏振光的分量
Figure 8. The components of LCP and RCP light in the reflected wave.
表 1 可见和近红外波段的手性超材料吸收器与本文吸收器的对比
Table 1. Selected publications on chiral metamaterial absorbers at the visible and near-infrared region.
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[1] Kuzyk A, Schreiber R, Fan Z, Pardatscher G, Roller E, Hogele A, Simmel F C, Govorov A O, Liedl T 2012 Nature 483 7389
[2] Hentschel M, Schäferling M, Duan X, Giessen H, Liu N 2017 Sci. Adv. 3 5
[3] Yu P, BesteiroL V, HuangY, Wu J, Fu L, Tan H H, Jagadish C, Wiederrecht G P, Govorov A O, Wang Z 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 3
[4] Yu P, Besteiro L V, W Jiang, Huang Y, Wang Y, Govorov A O, Wang Z 2018 Opt. Express 26 16
[5] Zou J, Yu P, Wang W, Tong X, Chang L, Wu C, Du W, Ji H, Huang Y, Niu X, Govorov A O, Wu J, Wang Z 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 105106
[6] Li W, Coppens J, Besteiro L V, Wang W, Govorov A O, Valentine J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8379
Google Scholar
[7] Kong X T, Khorashad K, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2018 Nano Lett. 18 3
[8] Liu T, Besteiro V, Liedl T, Correa-Duarte M A, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2019 Nano Lett. 19 2
[9] Wang W, Besteiro L V, Liu T, Wu C, Sun J, Yu P, Chang L, Wang Z, Govorov A O 2019 ACS Photonics 6 12
Google Scholar
[10] Wu X, Xu L, Liu L, Ma W, Yin H, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C, Kotov N A 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 49
[11] Ouyang L, Rosenmann D, Czaplewski D A, Gao J, Yang X 2020 Nanotechnology 31 29
[12] He G, Shang X, Yue J, Zhai X, Xia S, Li H, Wang L 2020 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37 4
Google Scholar
[13] Khorashad K L, Besteiro L V, Correa-Duarte M A, Burger S, Wang Z M, Govorov A O 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 9
[14] Frank B, Yin X, Schäferling M, Zhao J, Hein S M, Braun P V, Giessen H 2013 ACS Nano 7 7
[15] Dietrich K, Lehr D, Helgert C, Tünnermann A, Kley E B 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 OP321
Google Scholar
[16] Decker M, Ruther M, Kriegler C E, Zhou J, Soukoulis C M, Linden S, Wegener M 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 16
Google Scholar
[17] 陈珊珊, 刘幸, 刘之光, 李家方 2019 物理学报 68 248101
Google Scholar
Chen S S, Liu X, Liu Z G, Li J F 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 248101
Google Scholar
[18] Huang Y, Yao Z, Hu F, Liu C, Yu L, Jin Y, Xu X 2017 Carbon 119 305
Google Scholar
[19] Hendry E, Carpy T, Johnston J, Popland M, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Lapthorn A J, Kelly S M, Barron L D, Gadegaard N, Kadodwala M 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 11
Google Scholar
[20] Petronijević E, Leahu G, Voti R L, Belardini A, Scian C, Michieli N, Cesca T, Matte G, Sibilia C 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 053101
Google Scholar
[21] Johnson P B, Christy R W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 6 4370
Google Scholar
[22] Tang B, Li Z, Palacios E, Liu Z, Butun S, Aydin K 2017 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29 3
Google Scholar
[23] Ouyang L, Wang W, Rosenmann D, Czaplewski D A, Gao J, Yang X 2018 Opt. Express 26 24
[24] Xiao W, Shi X, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zeng Y 2019 Phys. Scr. 94 8
[25] Rongkuo Z, Thomas K, Costas S 2010 Opt. Express 18 14
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