Rydberg state excitation of atoms and molecules in ultrafast intense laser field

Shen Xing-Chen; Liu Yang; Chen Qi; Lü Hang; Xu Hai-Feng

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221258

Abstract

When atoms or molecules are irradiated by a strong laser field with pulse duration of tens of femtoseconds and intensity larger than 10¹³ W/cm², they will generally undergo tunneling ionization, which will induce various non-perturbative and highly nonlinear phenomena. Investigations into the strong field physical processes is of significance in studying attosecond physics, molecular orbital imaging, ultrafast electron diffraction and advanced short ultraviolet light sources. While there is a relatively long history of the studies of tunneling ionization induced physics including high-order above threshold ionization (HATI), high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization (NSDI), it is until recently to surprisedly find that in the tunneling ionization region, neutral atoms or molecules can survive in strong laser fields in highly excited Rydberg states. As a basic process of the interaction between ultrafast strong laser fields and atoms or molecules, such a Rydberg state excitation (RSE) has been viewed as an important supplement to the physical picture of the tunneling ionization. During the past several years, the extensive research attention has been paid to the RSE process in strong laser field. Various theoretical and experimental methods have been developed to investigate the strong field RSE of both atoms and molecules, to understand the underlying physical mechanism behind the recapture of the tunneling electrons and to reveal the quantum features and molecular structure effect in RSE. These advances have brought about an in-depth understanding and a systematic view of the atomic and molecular RSE in strong laser fields, as well as their relations to the other tunneling ionization induced physical processes such as ATI, HHG and NSDI. Here, we systematically review recent research progress of the atomic and molecular RSE in strong laser fields. We particularly focus on several aspects of this strong field process, i.e. the physical mechanism of the recapture, the quantum feature and the interference of different orbits, and the structure effect in molecular RSE. In addition, neutral particle acceleration and coherent radiation which can be induced by the strong field RSE, are also discussed. Finally, we provide a short summary and prospect of the future studies on the strong field RSE.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

Corresponding author: Xu Hai-Feng, xuhf@jlu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0307700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174148, 12074144, 11874179).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Strickland D 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030502 Google Scholar
[2]	Mourou G 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030501 Google Scholar
[3]	Keldysh L V 1965 Sov. Phys. JETP 5 1307
[4]	Corkum P B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994 Google Scholar
[5]	Schafer K J, Yang B, DiMauro L F, Kulander K C 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1599 Google Scholar
[6]	Corkum P B 2011 Phys. Today 64 36
[7]	Tisch J W G 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 350 Google Scholar
[8]	Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163 Google Scholar
[9]	Hassan M T, Luu T T, Moulet A, Raskazovskaya O, Zhokhov P, Garg M, Karpowicz N, Zheltikov A M, Pervak V, Krausz F, Goulielmakis E 2016 Nature 530 66 Google Scholar
[10]	Levesque J, Itatani J, Zeidler D, Pépin H, Kieffer J-C, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M 2006 J. Mod. Opt. 53 185 Google Scholar
[11]	Haessler S, Caillat J, Boutu W, Giovanetti-Teixeira C, Ruchon T, Auguste T, Diveki Z, Breger P, Maquet A, Carré B, Taïeb R, Salières P 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 200 Google Scholar
[12]	Morales F, Richter M, Patchkovskii S, Smirnova O 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 16906 Google Scholar
[13]	Lein M, Marangos J P, Knight P L 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 051404(R)
[14]	Meckel M, Comtois D, Zeidler D, Staudte A, Pavičić D, Bandulet H C, Pépin H, Kieffer J C, Dörner R, Villeneuve D M, Corkum P B 2008 Science 320 1478 Google Scholar
[15]	Gertsvolf M, Jean-Ruel H, Rajeev P P, Klug D D, Rayner D M, Corkum P B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 243001 Google Scholar
[16]	Park I Y, Kim S, Choi J, Lee D H, Kim Y J, Kling M F, Stockman M I, Kim S W 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 677 Google Scholar
[17]	Gauthier D, Ribic P R, De Ninno G, Allaria E, Cinquegrana P, Danailov M B, Demidovich A, Ferrari E, Giannessi L, Mahieu B, Penco G 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 114801 Google Scholar
[18]	Gauthier D, Allaria E, Coreno M, et al. 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13688 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang B B, Li X F, Fu P M, Chen J, Liu J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2729 Google Scholar
[20]	Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Saenz A, Eichmann U, Sandner W 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 233001 Google Scholar
[21]	赵磊, 张琦, 董敬伟, 吕航, 徐海峰 2016 物理学报 65 223201 Google Scholar Zhao L, Zhang Q, Dong J W, Lü H, Xu H F 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 223201 Google Scholar
[22]	Manschwetus B, Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Steinmeyer G, Eichmann U, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 113002 Google Scholar
[23]	Nubbemeyer T, Eichmann U, Sandner W 2009 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 134010 Google Scholar
[24]	McKenna J, Zeng S, Hua J J, Sayler A M, Zohrabi M, Johnson N G, Gaire B, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 043425 Google Scholar
[25]	Lv H, Zhang J F, Zuo W L, Jin M X, Xu H F, Ding D J 2014 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 488 032036 Google Scholar
[26]	Lv H, Zuo W L, Zhao L, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J, Hu S L, Chen J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 033415 Google Scholar
[27]	Sun F H, Lu C X, Ma Y Z, Pan S Z, Wang J W, Zhang W B, Qiang J J, Chen F, Ni H C, Li H, Wu J 2021 Opt. Express 29 31240 Google Scholar
[28]	Wu J, Vredenborg A, Ulrich B, Schmidt L P, Meckel M, Voss S, Sann H, Kim H, Jahnke T, Dömer R 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 043003 Google Scholar
[29]	Zimmermann H, Buller J, Eilzer S, Eichmann U 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 123003 Google Scholar
[30]	Xu S P, Liu M Q, Hu S L, Shu Z, Quan W, Xiao Z L, Zhou Y, Wei M Z, Zhao M, Sun R P, Wang Y L, Hua L Q, Gong C, Lai X Y, Chen J, Liu X J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 043104 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhao L, Dong J W, Lv H, Yang T X, Lian Y, Jin M X, Xu H F, Ding D J, Hu S L, Chen J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 053403 Google Scholar
[32]	Larimian S, Erattupuzha S, Lemell C, Yoshida S, Nagele S, Maurer R, Baltuška A, Burgdörfer J, Kitzler M, Xie X H 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 033401 Google Scholar
[33]	Yun H, Mun J H, Hwang S I, Park S B, Ivanov I A, Nam C H, Kim K T 2018 Nat. Photonics 12 62 Google Scholar
[34]	Shvetsov-Shilovski N I, Goreslavski S P, Popruzhenko S V, Becker W 2009 Laser Phys. 19 1550 Google Scholar
[35]	Landsman A S, Pfeiffer A N, Hofmann C, Smolarski M, Cirelli C, Keller U 2013 New J. Phys. 15 013001 Google Scholar
[36]	Lin Y W, Williams S, Odom B C 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 011402 Google Scholar
[37]	Huang K Y, Xia Q Z, Fu L B 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033415 Google Scholar
[38]	Shomsky K N, Smith Z S, Haan S L 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 061402(R)
[39]	Xia Q Z, Fu L B, Liu J 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033404 Google Scholar
[40]	Volkova E A, Popov A M, Tikhonova O V 2011 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 113 394 Google Scholar
[41]	Li Q G, Tong X-M, Morishita T, Wei H, Lin C D 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023421 Google Scholar
[42]	Zimmermann H, Patchkovskii S, Ivanov M, Eichmann U 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 013003 Google Scholar
[43]	Hu S L, Hao X L, Lv H, Liu M Q, Yang T Q, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J, Li Q G, Li W D, Becker W, Chen J 2019 Opt. Express 27 31629 Google Scholar
[44]	Blaga C I, Catoire F, Colosimo P, Paulus G G, Muller H G, Agostini P, DiMauro L F 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 335 Google Scholar
[45]	Quan W, Lin Z, Wu M, Kang H, Liu H, Liu X, Chen J, Liu J, He X T, Chen S G, Xiong H, Guo L, Xu H, Fu Y, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 093001 Google Scholar
[46]	Dura J, Camus N, Thai A, Britz A, Hemmer M, Baudisch M, Senftleben A, Schroter C D, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Biegert J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2675 Google Scholar
[47]	Chini M, Wang X W, Cheng Y, Wang H, Wu Y, Cunningham E, Li P C, Heslar J, Telnov D A, Chu S I, Chang Z H 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 437 Google Scholar
[48]	Xiong W H, Peng L Y, Gong Q H 2017 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 032001 Google Scholar
[49]	Eichmann U, Nubbemeyer T, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009 Nature 461 1261 Google Scholar
[50]	Bredtmann T, Patchkovskii S, Ivanov M Y 2017 New J. Phys. 19 073011 Google Scholar
[51]	Bogatskaya A V, Volkova E A, Popov A M 2016 Laser Phys. 26 015301 Google Scholar
[52]	Lin C D, Le A T, Chen Z J, Morishita T, Lucchese R 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 122001 Google Scholar
[53]	Becker W, Grasbon E, Kopold R, Milošević D B, Paulus G G, Walther H 2002 Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 35
[54]	Becker W, Goreslavski S P, Milošević D B, Paulus G G 2018 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 51 162002 Google Scholar
[55]	Becker W, Liu X J, Ho P J, Eberly J H 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 1011 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2016 Sci. Sin. -Phys. Mech. Astron. 47 033005
[57]	Lein M 2007 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 R135 Google Scholar
[58]	Anstöter C S, Bull J N, Verlet J R R 2016 Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 35 509 Google Scholar
[59]	Nisoli M, Sansone G 2009 Prog. Quantum Electron. 33 17 Google Scholar
[60]	Landsman A S, Keller U 2015 Phys. Rep. 547 1 Google Scholar
[61]	Zimmermann H, Eichmann U 2016 Phys. Scr. 91 104002 Google Scholar
[62]	Gallagher T F 1988 Rep. Prog. Phys. 51 143 Google Scholar
[63]	Softley T P 2007 Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 23 1
[64]	Larimian S, Lemell C, Stummer V, Geng J W, Roither S, Kartashov D, Zhang L, Wang M X, Gong Q H, Peng L Y, Yoshida S, Burgdörfer J, Baltuška A, Kitzler M, Xie X H 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 021403(R)
[65]	Larimian S, Erattupuzha S, Baltuška A, Kitzler-Zeiler M, Xie X H 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 013021 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhao M, Wang Y L, Quan W, Lai X Y, Liu H P, Lu J D, Liu X J 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 043115 Google Scholar
[67]	Zhang W B, Yu Z Q, Gong X C, Wang J P, Lu P F, Li H, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Zeng H P, He F, Wu J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 253202 Google Scholar
[68]	Zhang W B, Li H, Gong X C, Lu P F, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Zeng H P, Wu J 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 013419 Google Scholar
[69]	Sun F H, Zhang W B, Lu P F, Song Q Y, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Ma J Y, Li H X, Qiang J J, Gong X C, Li H, Wu J 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53 035601
[70]	Ma J Y, Li H, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Zhang W B, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Lu P F, Gong X C, Wu J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 023414 Google Scholar
[71]	Ma J Y, Zhang W B, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Chen F, Tong J H, Lu P F, Li H, Gong X C, Wu J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 063413 Google Scholar
[72]	Zhang W B, Gong X C, Li H, Lu P F, Sun F H, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Qiang J J, He F, Wu J 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 757 Google Scholar
[73]	Zhang W B, Lu P F, Gong X C, Li H, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Chen F, Tong J H, Wu J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033401 Google Scholar
[74]	Ammoso M V, Delone N B, Kraino V P 1986 Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 2008
[75]	Piraux B, Mota-Furtado F, O'Mahony P F, Galstyan A, Popov Y V 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 043403 Google Scholar
[76]	Chen Z J, Morishita T, Le A T, Wickenhauser M, Tong X M, Lin C D 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 053405 Google Scholar
[77]	Li Q G, Tong X M, Morishita T, Jin C, Wei H, Lin C D 2014 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 204019 Google Scholar
[78]	Chetty D, Glover R D, deHarak B A, Tong X M, Xu H, Pauly T, Smith N, Hamilton K R, Bartschat K, Ziegel J P, Douguet N, Luiten A N, Light P S, Litvinyuk I V, Sang R T 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053402 Google Scholar
[79]	Liu M Q, Xu S P, Hu S L, Becker W, Quan W, Liu X J, Chen J 2021 Optica 8 765 Google Scholar
[80]	Eichmann U, Saenz A, Eilzer S, Nubbemeyer T, Sandner W 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 203002 Google Scholar
[81]	Venzke J, Reiff R, Xue Z, Jaroń-Becker A, Becker A 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043434 Google Scholar
[82]	Xie X, Wu C, Liu H, Li M, Deng Y K, Liu Y Q, Gong Q H, Wu C Y 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 065401 Google Scholar
[83]	Emmanouilidou A, Lazarou C, Staudte A, Eichmann U 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 011402(R)
[84]	Lein M, Hay N, Velotta R, Marangos J P, Knight P L 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 183903 Google Scholar
[85]	Santra R, Gordon A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 073906 Google Scholar
[86]	Pavičić D, Lee K F, Rayner D M, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 243001 Google Scholar
[87]	Doumy G, DiMauro L F 2008 Science 322 1194 Google Scholar
[88]	Busuladžić M, Hasović E, Becker W, Milošević D B 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 137 134307 Google Scholar
[89]	Lin Z Y, Jia X Y, Wang C L, Hu Z L, Kang H P, Quan W, Lai X Y, Liu X J, Chen J, Zeng B, Chu W, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 223001 Google Scholar
[90]	Yao J P, Li G H, Jia X Y, Hao X L, Zeng B, Jing C R, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xie H Q, Zhang C J, Zhao Z X, Chen J, Liu X J, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 133001 Google Scholar
[91]	王品懿, 贾欣燕, 樊代和, 陈京 2015 物理学报 64 143201 Google Scholar Wang P Y, Jia X Y, Fan D H, Chen J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 143201 Google Scholar
[92]	Monfared M, Irani E, Sadighi-Bonabi R 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 148 234303 Google Scholar
[93]	Shu Z, Liu M, Hu S L, Chen J 2020 Opt. Express 28 11165 Google Scholar
[94]	Liu M Q, Shu Z, Hu S L, Chen J 2021 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 095601 Google Scholar
[95]	Maher-McWilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P F 2012 Nat. Photonics 6 386 Google Scholar
[96]	Cai X M, Zheng J, Lin Q 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 043401 Google Scholar
[97]	Eilzer S, Eichmann U 2014 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 204014 Google Scholar
[98]	Wang P X, Wei Q, Cai P, Wang J X, Ho Y K 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 230 Google Scholar
[99]	Chen J H, Wang J F, Li X F, Yuan X Q, Wang P X 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 103105 Google Scholar
[100]	Matthews M, Morales F, Patas A, Lindinger A, Gateau J, Berti N, Hermelin S, Kasparian J, Richter M, Bredtmann T, Smirnova O, Wolf J P, Ivanov M 2018 Nat. Phys. 14 695 Google Scholar
[101]	Mun J H, Ivanov I A, Yun H, Kim K T 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 063429 Google Scholar
[102]	Ortmann L, Hofmann C, Ivanov I A, Landsman A S 2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 063112 Google Scholar
[103]	Ge P P, Liu Y Q 2017 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 125001 Google Scholar
[104]	Chen A, Kling M F, Emmanouilidou A 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 033404 Google Scholar
[105]	Vilà A, Katsoulis G P, Emmanouilidou A 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 015604 Google Scholar
[106]	Xu T T, Gong W J, Zhang L L, Qi Y 2020 Opt. Express 28 35168 Google Scholar
[107]	Katsoulis G P, Sarkar R, Emmanouilidou A 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033403 Google Scholar
[108]	Cao C P, Li M, Liang J T, Guo K Y, Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2021 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 035601 Google Scholar
[109]	Li Y B, Xu J K, Chen H M, Li Y H, He J J, Qin L L, Shi L k, Zhao Y G, Tang Q B, Zhai C Y, Yu B H 2021 Opt. Commun. 493 127019 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 强场RSE的实验测量方法示意图　(a) 中性激发态直接测量方法^[29]; (b) 脉冲静电场场致电离方法^[21]; (c) COLTRIMS^[64]方法

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of experimental measurements of strong field RSE: (a) Direct measurement of neutral excited states^[29]; (b) pulsed electric field ionization^[21]; (c) COLTRIMS ^[64].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 强场RSE过程示意图　(a) 多光子图像; (b)隧穿后俘获图像的

Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of multiphoton image (a) and tunneling plus capture image (b) of strong field RSE process.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 800 nm飞秒强激光场中电离 (He⁺, 黑色方框)和RSE (He*, 红色圆圈)产率随激光椭偏率的变化关系^[20]; (b) 强激光场中不同I_p的原子里德伯态产率对激光椭偏率依赖的半高全宽(σ_χ)和相位窗口的宽度与横向速度的比值 ($\Delta /{\upsilon _{\text{d}}}$, 绿色星形)^[37]; (c) 800 nm飞秒强激光场Kr原子RSE (Kr*, 黑色方框)及NSDI (Kr²⁺, 蓝色菱形)产率随激光椭偏率的变化关系. 红色圆圈为三维半经典计算结果, 蓝色实线为忽略库仑势的SFA模型计算结果^[31]

Figure 3. (a) Dependence of ionization (He⁺, black squares) and RSE (He*, red circles) yields on the ellipticity of the 800 nm strong laser fields ^[20]; (b) dependence of Rydberg state yields of atoms with different I_P on the ellipticity of strong laser fields (σ_χ) and the ratio between the width of phase window and the drift velocity v_d for different atoms ($\Delta /{\upsilon _{\text{d}}}$, green star)^[37]; (c) yields of Kr RSE (Kr*, black squares) and NSDI (Kr²⁺, blue diamonds) on the ellipticity of the strong 800 nm laser fields. Red circles are the results from 3D semiclassical calculations. Blue solid lines are the SFA model analytical results without considering the Coulomb potential^[31].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) H原子在800 nm激光场下电离率(红色实线)和激发率(蓝色虚线)随激光光强变化的TDSE数值模拟结果^[77]; (b), (c) Ar原子在400和800 nm强激光场下实验测量的电离率和激发率随激光光强变化^[30]; (d) Ar原子在1800 nm激光场下激发率与电离率比值的测量和计算结果^[79]

Figure 4. (a) Dependence of H ionization (red solid lines) and RSE (blue dotted lines) yields on the intensity of 800 nm strong laser fields based on TDSE numerical simulations ^[77]; (b), (c) experimentally measured Ar ionization and RSE yields in 400 and 800 nm strong laser fields^[30]; (d) measured and calculated yield ratios of Ar ionization and RSE in 1800 nm strong laser fields^[79].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 强场RSE的量子图像. 在激光不同半周期内电离的隧穿电子被俘获到特定的里德伯态, 不同轨道的干涉产生随激光强度变化的振荡峰结构^[43]

Figure 5. Quantum picture of strong field RSE process. The tunneling electrons ionized in different optical half cycles of the laser pulse are captured into a certain Rydberg state, and the interference of different orbits leads to the intensity dependence of peak structures^[43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) 800 nm强激光场中He*的主量子数n的布居. 蓝色圆圈和红色方框分别代表1.8×10¹⁵ W/cm²和2.9×10¹⁵ W/cm²下实验测量结果. 空心菱形和空心方框分别代表1×10¹⁵ W/cm²和1.4×10¹⁵ W/cm²下半经典理论计算结果. 空心圆圈和空心三角形分别代表1.8×10¹⁵ W/cm²和2.9×10¹⁵ W/cm²下量子单电子近似理论结果^[29]; (b) 上图为不同直流电场下Ar*产率随时间的变化关系, 下图为提取的量子态分布. 黑色方框、红色圆圈和蓝色三角分别表示COLTRIMS中直流电场为1.8, 3.9和5.7 V/cm下的实验测量结果数据和分别在1.8, 3.9和5.7 V/cm处提取的主量子数的布居, 实线曲线是拟合结果以及在800 nm激光场下提取的Ar*的主量子数的布居, 品红色菱形表示半经典模型计算的主量子数的布居结果^[66].

Figure 6. (a) Measured n-distributions in 800 nm strong laser fields for a laser intensity 1.8×10¹⁵W/cm² (blue circles) and 2.9×10¹⁵ W/cm² (red squares). Semiclassical calculations at a laser intensity 1×10¹⁵ W/cm²(open diamonds) and 1.4×10¹⁵ W/cm² (open squares), and quantum mechanical SAE calculations at 1.8×10¹⁵ W/cm² (open circles) and 2.9×10¹⁵ W/cm² (open triangles) ^[29]. (b) upper panel: time dependence of the yields of Ar* at a series of dc electric fields. Lower panel: extracted PQNDs for the data presented in the above figure^[66]. The black squares, red circles, and blue triangles indicate the experimental data and the extracted PQND at 1.8, 3.9, and 5.7 V/cm, respectively. The fitting results and the extracted PQNDs of Ar* in 800 nm strong laser fields are depicted by solid curves. The magenta diamonds in the lower panel indicate the calculated PQND by the semiclassical model^[66].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a) 中性激发态H*碎片(黑色曲线)和离子碎片H⁺(红色曲线)的动能分布^[22]; (b) 分子碎片的里德伯态激发机制的示意图^[22]

Figure 7. (a) Kinetic energy distribution of excited neutral fragments He* (red curve) and ionic fragments H⁺(black curve)^[22]; (b) schematic picture of Rydberg state excitation mechanism of molecular fragments^[22].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) 强激光场中CO分子形成的原子激发态碎片产率依赖于激光场方向和分子取向^[73]; (b) Ar₂二聚体高阶库仑爆炸通道的平动能分布^[28]

Figure 8. (a) The yields of atomic excited fragments formed by CO molecules in strong laser fields depend on the direction of laser field and molecular orientation^[73]; (b) kinetic energy release distribution of multiple ionization-induced Coulomb explosion channels of the Ar dimer^[28].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 实验测量的800 nm强激光场下N₂ vs. Ar和O₂ vs Xe的单电离(黑色圆圈)以及里德伯态激发(红色方框)的比值随激光强度的变化关系^[26]

Figure 9. Experimentally measured yield ratios of N₂ vs. Ar and O₂ vs. Xe for both single ionization and RSE as a function of intensity of 800 nm strong laser fields^[26].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 在线偏光下O₂/Xe (光强为8×10¹³ W/cm²)和N₂/Ar (光强为1.2×10¹⁴ W/cm²)的光电子-光离子符合光谱. 红色虚线表示由于原子分子激发态的黑体辐射导致光电离和直流电场电离之间的分界线^[27]

Figure 10. Photoelectron-photoion-coincidence spectra obtained in linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses for O₂/Xe (at the intensity of 8×10¹³ W/cm²) and for N₂/Ar (at the intensity of 1.2×10¹⁴ W/cm²). The red dashed curves in both figures indicate the separation between DC electric field ionization and photon ionization due to black body radiation of the Rydberg atoms and molecules^[27].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Strickland D 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030502 Google Scholar
[2]	Mourou G 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030501 Google Scholar
[3]	Keldysh L V 1965 Sov. Phys. JETP 5 1307
[4]	Corkum P B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994 Google Scholar
[5]	Schafer K J, Yang B, DiMauro L F, Kulander K C 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1599 Google Scholar
[6]	Corkum P B 2011 Phys. Today 64 36
[7]	Tisch J W G 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 350 Google Scholar
[8]	Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163 Google Scholar
[9]	Hassan M T, Luu T T, Moulet A, Raskazovskaya O, Zhokhov P, Garg M, Karpowicz N, Zheltikov A M, Pervak V, Krausz F, Goulielmakis E 2016 Nature 530 66 Google Scholar
[10]	Levesque J, Itatani J, Zeidler D, Pépin H, Kieffer J-C, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M 2006 J. Mod. Opt. 53 185 Google Scholar
[11]	Haessler S, Caillat J, Boutu W, Giovanetti-Teixeira C, Ruchon T, Auguste T, Diveki Z, Breger P, Maquet A, Carré B, Taïeb R, Salières P 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 200 Google Scholar
[12]	Morales F, Richter M, Patchkovskii S, Smirnova O 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 16906 Google Scholar
[13]	Lein M, Marangos J P, Knight P L 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 051404(R)
[14]	Meckel M, Comtois D, Zeidler D, Staudte A, Pavičić D, Bandulet H C, Pépin H, Kieffer J C, Dörner R, Villeneuve D M, Corkum P B 2008 Science 320 1478 Google Scholar
[15]	Gertsvolf M, Jean-Ruel H, Rajeev P P, Klug D D, Rayner D M, Corkum P B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 243001 Google Scholar
[16]	Park I Y, Kim S, Choi J, Lee D H, Kim Y J, Kling M F, Stockman M I, Kim S W 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 677 Google Scholar
[17]	Gauthier D, Ribic P R, De Ninno G, Allaria E, Cinquegrana P, Danailov M B, Demidovich A, Ferrari E, Giannessi L, Mahieu B, Penco G 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 114801 Google Scholar
[18]	Gauthier D, Allaria E, Coreno M, et al. 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13688 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang B B, Li X F, Fu P M, Chen J, Liu J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2729 Google Scholar
[20]	Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Saenz A, Eichmann U, Sandner W 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 233001 Google Scholar
[21]	赵磊, 张琦, 董敬伟, 吕航, 徐海峰 2016 物理学报 65 223201 Google Scholar Zhao L, Zhang Q, Dong J W, Lü H, Xu H F 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 223201 Google Scholar
[22]	Manschwetus B, Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Steinmeyer G, Eichmann U, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 113002 Google Scholar
[23]	Nubbemeyer T, Eichmann U, Sandner W 2009 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 134010 Google Scholar
[24]	McKenna J, Zeng S, Hua J J, Sayler A M, Zohrabi M, Johnson N G, Gaire B, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 043425 Google Scholar
[25]	Lv H, Zhang J F, Zuo W L, Jin M X, Xu H F, Ding D J 2014 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 488 032036 Google Scholar
[26]	Lv H, Zuo W L, Zhao L, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J, Hu S L, Chen J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 033415 Google Scholar
[27]	Sun F H, Lu C X, Ma Y Z, Pan S Z, Wang J W, Zhang W B, Qiang J J, Chen F, Ni H C, Li H, Wu J 2021 Opt. Express 29 31240 Google Scholar
[28]	Wu J, Vredenborg A, Ulrich B, Schmidt L P, Meckel M, Voss S, Sann H, Kim H, Jahnke T, Dömer R 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 043003 Google Scholar
[29]	Zimmermann H, Buller J, Eilzer S, Eichmann U 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 123003 Google Scholar
[30]	Xu S P, Liu M Q, Hu S L, Shu Z, Quan W, Xiao Z L, Zhou Y, Wei M Z, Zhao M, Sun R P, Wang Y L, Hua L Q, Gong C, Lai X Y, Chen J, Liu X J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 043104 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhao L, Dong J W, Lv H, Yang T X, Lian Y, Jin M X, Xu H F, Ding D J, Hu S L, Chen J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 053403 Google Scholar
[32]	Larimian S, Erattupuzha S, Lemell C, Yoshida S, Nagele S, Maurer R, Baltuška A, Burgdörfer J, Kitzler M, Xie X H 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 033401 Google Scholar
[33]	Yun H, Mun J H, Hwang S I, Park S B, Ivanov I A, Nam C H, Kim K T 2018 Nat. Photonics 12 62 Google Scholar
[34]	Shvetsov-Shilovski N I, Goreslavski S P, Popruzhenko S V, Becker W 2009 Laser Phys. 19 1550 Google Scholar
[35]	Landsman A S, Pfeiffer A N, Hofmann C, Smolarski M, Cirelli C, Keller U 2013 New J. Phys. 15 013001 Google Scholar
[36]	Lin Y W, Williams S, Odom B C 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 011402 Google Scholar
[37]	Huang K Y, Xia Q Z, Fu L B 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033415 Google Scholar
[38]	Shomsky K N, Smith Z S, Haan S L 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 061402(R)
[39]	Xia Q Z, Fu L B, Liu J 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033404 Google Scholar
[40]	Volkova E A, Popov A M, Tikhonova O V 2011 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 113 394 Google Scholar
[41]	Li Q G, Tong X-M, Morishita T, Wei H, Lin C D 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023421 Google Scholar
[42]	Zimmermann H, Patchkovskii S, Ivanov M, Eichmann U 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 013003 Google Scholar
[43]	Hu S L, Hao X L, Lv H, Liu M Q, Yang T Q, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J, Li Q G, Li W D, Becker W, Chen J 2019 Opt. Express 27 31629 Google Scholar
[44]	Blaga C I, Catoire F, Colosimo P, Paulus G G, Muller H G, Agostini P, DiMauro L F 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 335 Google Scholar
[45]	Quan W, Lin Z, Wu M, Kang H, Liu H, Liu X, Chen J, Liu J, He X T, Chen S G, Xiong H, Guo L, Xu H, Fu Y, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 093001 Google Scholar
[46]	Dura J, Camus N, Thai A, Britz A, Hemmer M, Baudisch M, Senftleben A, Schroter C D, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Biegert J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2675 Google Scholar
[47]	Chini M, Wang X W, Cheng Y, Wang H, Wu Y, Cunningham E, Li P C, Heslar J, Telnov D A, Chu S I, Chang Z H 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 437 Google Scholar
[48]	Xiong W H, Peng L Y, Gong Q H 2017 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 032001 Google Scholar
[49]	Eichmann U, Nubbemeyer T, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009 Nature 461 1261 Google Scholar
[50]	Bredtmann T, Patchkovskii S, Ivanov M Y 2017 New J. Phys. 19 073011 Google Scholar
[51]	Bogatskaya A V, Volkova E A, Popov A M 2016 Laser Phys. 26 015301 Google Scholar
[52]	Lin C D, Le A T, Chen Z J, Morishita T, Lucchese R 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 122001 Google Scholar
[53]	Becker W, Grasbon E, Kopold R, Milošević D B, Paulus G G, Walther H 2002 Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 35
[54]	Becker W, Goreslavski S P, Milošević D B, Paulus G G 2018 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 51 162002 Google Scholar
[55]	Becker W, Liu X J, Ho P J, Eberly J H 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 1011 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2016 Sci. Sin. -Phys. Mech. Astron. 47 033005
[57]	Lein M 2007 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 R135 Google Scholar
[58]	Anstöter C S, Bull J N, Verlet J R R 2016 Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 35 509 Google Scholar
[59]	Nisoli M, Sansone G 2009 Prog. Quantum Electron. 33 17 Google Scholar
[60]	Landsman A S, Keller U 2015 Phys. Rep. 547 1 Google Scholar
[61]	Zimmermann H, Eichmann U 2016 Phys. Scr. 91 104002 Google Scholar
[62]	Gallagher T F 1988 Rep. Prog. Phys. 51 143 Google Scholar
[63]	Softley T P 2007 Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 23 1
[64]	Larimian S, Lemell C, Stummer V, Geng J W, Roither S, Kartashov D, Zhang L, Wang M X, Gong Q H, Peng L Y, Yoshida S, Burgdörfer J, Baltuška A, Kitzler M, Xie X H 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 021403(R)
[65]	Larimian S, Erattupuzha S, Baltuška A, Kitzler-Zeiler M, Xie X H 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 013021 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhao M, Wang Y L, Quan W, Lai X Y, Liu H P, Lu J D, Liu X J 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 043115 Google Scholar
[67]	Zhang W B, Yu Z Q, Gong X C, Wang J P, Lu P F, Li H, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Zeng H P, He F, Wu J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 253202 Google Scholar
[68]	Zhang W B, Li H, Gong X C, Lu P F, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Zeng H P, Wu J 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 013419 Google Scholar
[69]	Sun F H, Zhang W B, Lu P F, Song Q Y, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Ma J Y, Li H X, Qiang J J, Gong X C, Li H, Wu J 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53 035601
[70]	Ma J Y, Li H, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Zhang W B, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Lu P F, Gong X C, Wu J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 023414 Google Scholar
[71]	Ma J Y, Zhang W B, Lin K, Ji Q Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Chen F, Tong J H, Lu P F, Li H, Gong X C, Wu J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 063413 Google Scholar
[72]	Zhang W B, Gong X C, Li H, Lu P F, Sun F H, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Qiang J J, He F, Wu J 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 757 Google Scholar
[73]	Zhang W B, Lu P F, Gong X C, Li H, Ji Q Y, Lin K, Ma J Y, Li H X, Sun F H, Qiang J J, Chen F, Tong J H, Wu J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033401 Google Scholar
[74]	Ammoso M V, Delone N B, Kraino V P 1986 Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 2008
[75]	Piraux B, Mota-Furtado F, O'Mahony P F, Galstyan A, Popov Y V 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 043403 Google Scholar
[76]	Chen Z J, Morishita T, Le A T, Wickenhauser M, Tong X M, Lin C D 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 053405 Google Scholar
[77]	Li Q G, Tong X M, Morishita T, Jin C, Wei H, Lin C D 2014 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 204019 Google Scholar
[78]	Chetty D, Glover R D, deHarak B A, Tong X M, Xu H, Pauly T, Smith N, Hamilton K R, Bartschat K, Ziegel J P, Douguet N, Luiten A N, Light P S, Litvinyuk I V, Sang R T 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053402 Google Scholar
[79]	Liu M Q, Xu S P, Hu S L, Becker W, Quan W, Liu X J, Chen J 2021 Optica 8 765 Google Scholar
[80]	Eichmann U, Saenz A, Eilzer S, Nubbemeyer T, Sandner W 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 203002 Google Scholar
[81]	Venzke J, Reiff R, Xue Z, Jaroń-Becker A, Becker A 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043434 Google Scholar
[82]	Xie X, Wu C, Liu H, Li M, Deng Y K, Liu Y Q, Gong Q H, Wu C Y 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 065401 Google Scholar
[83]	Emmanouilidou A, Lazarou C, Staudte A, Eichmann U 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 011402(R)
[84]	Lein M, Hay N, Velotta R, Marangos J P, Knight P L 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 183903 Google Scholar
[85]	Santra R, Gordon A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 073906 Google Scholar
[86]	Pavičić D, Lee K F, Rayner D M, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 243001 Google Scholar
[87]	Doumy G, DiMauro L F 2008 Science 322 1194 Google Scholar
[88]	Busuladžić M, Hasović E, Becker W, Milošević D B 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 137 134307 Google Scholar
[89]	Lin Z Y, Jia X Y, Wang C L, Hu Z L, Kang H P, Quan W, Lai X Y, Liu X J, Chen J, Zeng B, Chu W, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 223001 Google Scholar
[90]	Yao J P, Li G H, Jia X Y, Hao X L, Zeng B, Jing C R, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xie H Q, Zhang C J, Zhao Z X, Chen J, Liu X J, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 133001 Google Scholar
[91]	王品懿, 贾欣燕, 樊代和, 陈京 2015 物理学报 64 143201 Google Scholar Wang P Y, Jia X Y, Fan D H, Chen J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 143201 Google Scholar
[92]	Monfared M, Irani E, Sadighi-Bonabi R 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 148 234303 Google Scholar
[93]	Shu Z, Liu M, Hu S L, Chen J 2020 Opt. Express 28 11165 Google Scholar
[94]	Liu M Q, Shu Z, Hu S L, Chen J 2021 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 095601 Google Scholar
[95]	Maher-McWilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P F 2012 Nat. Photonics 6 386 Google Scholar
[96]	Cai X M, Zheng J, Lin Q 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 043401 Google Scholar
[97]	Eilzer S, Eichmann U 2014 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 204014 Google Scholar
[98]	Wang P X, Wei Q, Cai P, Wang J X, Ho Y K 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 230 Google Scholar
[99]	Chen J H, Wang J F, Li X F, Yuan X Q, Wang P X 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 121 103105 Google Scholar
[100]	Matthews M, Morales F, Patas A, Lindinger A, Gateau J, Berti N, Hermelin S, Kasparian J, Richter M, Bredtmann T, Smirnova O, Wolf J P, Ivanov M 2018 Nat. Phys. 14 695 Google Scholar
[101]	Mun J H, Ivanov I A, Yun H, Kim K T 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 063429 Google Scholar
[102]	Ortmann L, Hofmann C, Ivanov I A, Landsman A S 2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 063112 Google Scholar
[103]	Ge P P, Liu Y Q 2017 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 125001 Google Scholar
[104]	Chen A, Kling M F, Emmanouilidou A 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 033404 Google Scholar
[105]	Vilà A, Katsoulis G P, Emmanouilidou A 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 015604 Google Scholar
[106]	Xu T T, Gong W J, Zhang L L, Qi Y 2020 Opt. Express 28 35168 Google Scholar
[107]	Katsoulis G P, Sarkar R, Emmanouilidou A 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033403 Google Scholar
[108]	Cao C P, Li M, Liang J T, Guo K Y, Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2021 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 54 035601 Google Scholar
[109]	Li Y B, Xu J K, Chen H M, Li Y H, He J J, Qin L L, Shi L k, Zhao Y G, Tang Q B, Zhai C Y, Yu B H 2021 Opt. Commun. 493 127019 Google Scholar

[1]	Zhao Ling-Yi, Liu Jin-Lei, Jiang Tao, Lang Yue, Zhao Zeng-Xiu. Envelope effect of Rydberg States Generation in Strong Laser Pulses. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(23): 1-6. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241222
[2]	Liu Yao, He Jun, Su Nan, Cai Ting, Liu Zhi-Hui, Diao Wen-Ting, Wang Jun-Min. A 509 nm pulsed laser system for Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(6): 060303. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222286
[3]	Che Jia-Yin, Chen Chao, Li Wei-Yan, Li Wei, Chen Yan-Jun. Advances in response time of strong-field ionization of atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(19): 193301. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230983
[4]	Zhao Meng, Quan Wei, Xiao Zhi-Lei, Xu Song-Po, Wang Zhi-Qiang, Wang Ming-Hui, Cheng Si-Jin, Wu Wen-Zhuo, Wang Yan-Lan, Lai Xuan-Yang, Liu Xiao-Jun. Tunneling delay time in strong field ionization of atomic Ar. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(23): 233203. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221295
[5]	Tao Jian-Fei, Xia Qin-Zhi, Liao Lin-Gu, Liu Jie, Liu Xiao-Jing. Theory and application of photoelectron trajectory interference holography for atomic ionization in intense laser field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(23): 233206. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221296
[6]	Huang Xue-Fei, Su Jie, Liao Jian-Ying, Li Ying-Bin, Huang Cheng. Photoelectron holography in tunneling ionization of atoms by counter-rotating two-color elliptically polarized laser field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(9): 093202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212226
[7]	Li Wei-Qin, Huo Zhi-Sheng, Pu Hong-Bin. Transient characteristics of electron beam induced current in dielectric and semiconductor sample. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(6): 060201. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20191543
[8]	Luo Jin-Long, Ling Feng-Zi, Li Shuai, Wang Yan-Mei, Zhang Bing. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of butanone in 3s Rydberg state. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(2): 023301. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.023301
[9]	Guo Li, Han Shen-Sheng, Chen Jing. Study of above-threshold ionization by Wigner-distribution-like function method. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(22): 223203. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.223203
[10]	Li Na, Bai Ya, Liu Peng. Frequency control of the broadband ultrashort terahertz source generated from the laser induced plasma by two-color pluses. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(11): 110701. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.110701
[11]	Wang Yan-Hai. Ionization time of He atom in the strong field tunnelling ionization mode. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(15): 153201. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.153201
[12]	Zhao Lei, Zhang Qi, Dong Jing-Wei, Lü Hang, Xu Hai-Feng. Rydberg state excitations and double ionizations of different atoms in strong femtosecond laser field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(22): 223201. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.223201
[13]	Yan Qing, Jia Wei-Guo, Yu Yu, Zhang Jun-Ping, Menke Neimule. Raman effect on dark soliton trapping in high birefringence fiber. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(18): 184211. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.184211
[14]	Jiang Li-Juan, Zhang Xian-Zhou, Jia Guang-Rui, Zhang Yong-Hui, Xia Li-Hua. Coherent excitation and control of Rydberg lithium atoms in a chirped microwave field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(1): 013101. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.013101
[15]	Jiang Li-Juan, Zhang Xian-Zhou, Ma Huan-Qiang, Jia Guang-Rui, Zhang Yong-Hui, Xia Li-Hua. Population transfer of high excited states of Rydberg sodium atoms in a chirped microwave field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(4): 043101. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.043101
[16]	Zhao Jian-Ming, Zhang Lin-Jie, Li Chang-Yong, Jia Suo-Tang. The transformation of ultra-cold Rydberg atom to plasma. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(5): 2895-2898. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.2895
[17]	Wu Xiao-Li, Gou Bing-Cong, Liu Yi-Dong. Relativistic energies of the singly excited and doubly excited Rydberg series in helium. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(1): 48-53. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.48
[18]	Dai Chang-Jian, Shu Xiao-Wu, Li Qian, Zhang Sen, Fang Da-Wei. . Acta Physica Sinica, 1995, 44(5): 678-684. doi: 10.7498/aps.44.678
[19]	DING GUANG-LIANG, LIU BING-MO, WANG JIA-MIN, GONG SHUN-SHENG. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN ｜ml｜ AND FIELD STARK IONIZATION THRESHOLD IN RYDBERG Cs ATOMS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1994, 43(11): 1754-1758. doi: 10.7498/aps.43.1754
[20]	LI JING, XU YUN-FEI, WANG YUN-XIAN, ZHANG SEN. DEPENDENCE OF FIELD-IONIZATION THRESHOLD ON \|ml\| FOR RYDBERG STATES OF Sr ATOM. Acta Physica Sinica, 1993, 42(2): 231-236. doi: 10.7498/aps.42.231

Catalog

Vol. 71, Issue 23 - 2022-12-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 6989
PDF Downloads: 275
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板