Microstructure building and thermal stability of cermet-based photothermal conversion coatings with layered structures

Kang Ya-Bin; Yuan Xiao-Peng; Wang Xiao-Bo; Li Ke-Wei; Gong Dian-Qing; Cheng Xu-Dong

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20221693

Abstract

To enhance the thermal stability of cermet-based photothermal conversion coatings, the present paper proposes a novel strategy to replace the randomly distributed nanoparticles with layered structure. This kind of structure can not only suppress the agglomeration and rapid growth of nanoparticles, but also enhance the interaction between the absorber and sunlight. Thus, the thermal stability and selectivity can be simultaneously improved by this unique kind of structure. Then, a Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO multilayer cermet-based photothermal conversion coating is designed and fabricated by multi-arc ion plating. The microstructure, optical properties and thermal stability of the multilayer coating are studied in detail. The optical properties tests show that the absorptance and emittance of the as-deposited coating achieve 0.903 and 0.183, respectively. More importantly, after being annealed at 500 ℃ in air for 1000 h, the absorptance reaches 0.913 and the emittance arrives at 0.199, implying the enhanced selectivity and thermal stability, which are ascribed to the formation of nanolaminates, in which a series of alternating sublayers is observed in the AlCrON absorber. The nanolaminate is a two-phase composite structure composed of layered AlN and Cr₂N nanoparticles distributed in amorphous dielectric matrix. According to the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, this unique kind of microstructure can trap photons in the coating, which is beneficial to enhancing the interaction intensity and time between the sunlight and absorbing sublayer, and thus improving the absorption of sunlight. In addition, the reduction of particle spacing during annealing will lead to the red shift of extinction spectrum, which will better match the solar radiation spectrum. At the same time, this kind of structure can avoid the agglomeration of nanoparticles, which can simultaneously tune the optical properties and thermal stability.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Progressing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding author: Li Ke-Wei, likewei@tyut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 202103021224063), the Key Innovation Team Project of “1331 Project” of Jinzhong University, China (Grant No. jzxyjscxd202104), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52002159).

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References

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[12]	Zheng L Q, Zhou F Y, Zhou Z D, Song X W, Dong G B, Wang M, Diao X G 2015 Sol. Energy 115 341 Google Scholar
[13]	Gao T, Jelle B P, Gustavsen A 2013 J. Nanopart. Res. 15 1370 Google Scholar
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[17]	Du M, Hao L, Mi J, Lv F, Liu X P, Jiang L J, Wang S M 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 1193 Google Scholar
[18]	Rechberger W, Hohenau A, Leitner A, Krenn J R, Lamprecht B, Aussenegg F R 2003 Opt. Commun. 220 137 Google Scholar
[19]	Su K H, Wei Q H, Zhang X, Mock J J, Smith D R, Schultz S 2003 Nano Lett. 3 1087 Google Scholar
[20]	Kabiri A, Azarian A 2021 Int. J. Opt. Photonics 15 65 Google Scholar
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[22]	Liu H D, Fu T R, Duan M H, Wan Q, Luo C, Chen Y M, Fu D J, Ren F, Li Q Y, Cheng X D, Yang B, Hu X J 2016 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 157 108 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO多层金属陶瓷光热转换涂层结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO multi-layer solar spectral selective absorbing coating.

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图 2 (a) 阴极电弧等离子体光学照片; (b) 靶面等离子体浓度空间分布示意图; (c) 分层化金属陶瓷光热转换涂层的构筑原理示意图

Figure 2. (a) Distribution of plasma injected into the chamber; (b) spatial distribution diagram of plasma concentration on target surface; (c) schematic diagram of construction principle of layered cermet photothermal conversion coating.

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图 3 沉积态与500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h后涂层的反射光谱曲线

Figure 3. Reflectance spectra of the coating before and after annealed at 500 ℃ for 1000 h in air.

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图 4 沉积态和500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h后涂层的GI-XRD图谱

Figure 4. GI-XRD patterns of the coating before and after annealed at 500 ℃ for 1000 h in air.

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图 5 500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h后涂层的TEM图　(a) AlCrON基光热转换涂层的TEM明场像; (b) AlCrON亚层的HRTEM图; (c), (e) 分别为图(b)中A, B处所对应的FFT图; (d), (f) 分别为图(b)中A, B处所对应的IFFT图

Figure 5. TEM image of the coating after annealed at 500℃ for 1000 h in air: (a) TEM bright field image of AlCrON based photothermal conversion coating; (b) HRTEM of the AlCrON low metal volume fraction absorbing layer; (c), (e) the FFT images of areas A, B denoted in Figure (b), respectively; (d), (f) the IFFT images of areas A, B denoted in b, respectively.

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图 6 涂层的表面形貌　(a) 沉积态; (b) 500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h后

Figure 6. Surface morphology of the coating: (a) The as-deposited coating; (b) the coating annealed at 500 ℃ for 1000 h.

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图 7 FDTD模拟的3D模型图　(a) 同半径颗粒分层化排列; (b) 同半径颗粒随机排列; (c)不同半径颗粒分层化排列; (d) 不同半径颗粒随机化排列

Figure 7. 3D models of FDTD simulations: (a) Layered arrangement of particles with the same radius; (b) random arrangement of particles with the same radius; (c) particles with different radius are arranged in layers; (d) random arrangement of particles with different radius.

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图 8 FDTD模拟Cr₂N纳米颗粒阵列电场分布图及其吸收、散射光谱图　(a) 同半径颗粒分层化排列; (b) 同半径颗粒随机排列; (c) 不同半径颗粒分层化排列; (d) 不同半径颗粒随机排列; (e) 4种结构的吸收光谱图; (f) 4种结构的散射光谱图

Figure 8. FDTD simulation of the Electric field distribution, absorption and scattering spectra of Cr₂N nanoparticle array: (a) Layered arrangement of particles with the same radius; (b) random arrangement of particles with the same radius; (c) layered arrangement of particles with different radius; (d) random arrangement of particles with different radius; (e) absorption spectra of four models; (f) scattering spectra of four models.

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图 9 FDTD模拟结果　(a) AlN和Cr₂N颗粒相同尺寸的消光光谱; (b) AlN和Cr₂N颗粒相同间距的消光光谱; (c) Cr₂N颗粒不同尺寸大小的吸收光谱; (d) Cr₂N颗粒不同间距大小的消光光谱

Figure 9. FDTD simulation results: (a) Extinction spectra of AlN and Cr₂N particles with the same size; (b) extinction spectra of AlN and Cr₂N particles with the same spacing; (c) absorption spectra of Cr₂N particles with different size; (d) extinction spectra of Cr₂N particles with different spacing.

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图 10 分层化结构的光谱吸收机理示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of spectra absorbing mechanism of layered structure.

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图 11 AlCrON吸收涂层退火过程微观结构演变示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of microstructure evolution of AlCrON absorption coating during annealing.

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表 1 分层化金属陶瓷涂层的多弧离子镀制备工艺参数

Table 1. Detailed deposition parameters of layered cermet photothermal conversion coating.

	Ar/sccm	N₂/sccm	O₂/sccm	Time/s
Cr	130	0	0	900
AlCrN	100	30	0	90
AlCrON	120	30	10	120
AlCrO	0	0	130	120

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h过程中涂层的吸收率、发射率和PC值

Table 2. Absorptivity, emissivity and PC value of the coating during annealing for 1000 h at 500 ℃ in atmosphere.

Holding time/h	α	ε	α/ε	PC
0	0.903	0.183	4.94	—
100	0.909	0.208	4.37	0.00655
200	0.913	0.190	4.81	–0.00655
300	0.913	0.200	4.57	–0.0014
400	0.914	0.194	4.71	–0.0053
500	0.914	0.206	4.43	0.00065
600	0.914	0.201	4.55	–0.0019
700	0.914	0.192	4.77	–0.0065
800	0.915	0.212	4.31	0.0027
900	0.916	0.219	4.18	0.00505
1000	0.913	0.199	4.60	–0.0021

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 沉积态和500 ℃、大气条件下退火1000 h后涂层各层的EDS成分

Table 3. EDS composition of the coating before and after annealed at 500 ℃ for 1000 h in air.

		N	O	Al	Cr
As-deposited	AlCrN	15.15	0	63.00	21.85
	AlCrON	6.00	43.06	41.89	9.04
	AlCrO	0	54.13	36.99	8.88
Annealed	AlCrN	14.43	0	64.63	20.94
	AlCrON	6.14	44.20	41.68	7.99
	AlCrO	0	54.30	36.72	8.98

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Moon J, Lu D, VanSaders B, Kim T K, Kong S D, Jin S H, Chen R K, Liu Z W 2014 Nano Energy 8 238 Google Scholar
[2]	Rebouta L, Sousa A, Andritschky M, Cerqueira F, Tavares C J, Santilli P, Pischow K 2015 Appl. Surf. Sci. 356 203 Google Scholar
[3]	田广科, 苗树翻, 马天国, 范多旺 2015 太阳能 3 50 Google Scholar Tian G K, Miao S F, Ma T G, Fan D W 2015 Sol. Energy 3 50 Google Scholar
[4]	Meng J P, Guo R R, Li H, Zhao L M, Liu X P, Li Z 2018 Appl. Surf. Sci. 440 932 Google Scholar
[5]	Tsegay M G, Gebretinsae H G, Sackey J, Arendse C J, Nuru Z Y 2021 Mater. Today Proc. 36 571 Google Scholar
[6]	Gao J H, Wang X Y, Yang B, Tu C J, Liang L Y, Zhang H L, Zhuge F, Cao H T, Zou Y S, Yu K, Xia F, Han Y Y 2016 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3 1600248 Google Scholar
[7]	Barshilia H C 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 130 322 Google Scholar
[8]	Wang X Y, Gao J H, Hu H B, Zhang H L, Liang L Y, Javaid K, Zhuge F, Cao H T, Wang L 2017 Nano Energy 37 232 Google Scholar
[9]	Kotilainen M, Mizohata K, Honkanen M, Vuoristo P 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 120 462 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu H D, Wan Q, Lin B Z, Wang L L, Yang X F, Wang R Y, Gong D Q, Wang Y B, Ren F, Chen Y M, Cheng X D, Yang B 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 122 226 Google Scholar
[11]	Nuru Z Y, Motaung D E, Kaviyarasu K, Maaza M 2016 J. Alloys Compd. 664 161 Google Scholar
[12]	Zheng L Q, Zhou F Y, Zhou Z D, Song X W, Dong G B, Wang M, Diao X G 2015 Sol. Energy 115 341 Google Scholar
[13]	Gao T, Jelle B P, Gustavsen A 2013 J. Nanopart. Res. 15 1370 Google Scholar
[14]	Ke C Z, Zhang X M, Guo W Y, Li Y J, Gong D Q, Cheng X D 2018 Vacuum 152 114 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhang Q C 2001 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 3113 Google Scholar
[16]	史月艳, 那鸿悦 2009 太阳光谱选择性吸收膜系设计、制备及测评(第1版) (北京: 清华大学出版社)第55—56页 Shi Y Y, Na H Y 2009 Design, Preparation and Evalvation of Solar Spectrunm Selective Absorption Films (1st Ed.) (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp55–56 (in Chinese)
[17]	Du M, Hao L, Mi J, Lv F, Liu X P, Jiang L J, Wang S M 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 1193 Google Scholar
[18]	Rechberger W, Hohenau A, Leitner A, Krenn J R, Lamprecht B, Aussenegg F R 2003 Opt. Commun. 220 137 Google Scholar
[19]	Su K H, Wei Q H, Zhang X, Mock J J, Smith D R, Schultz S 2003 Nano Lett. 3 1087 Google Scholar
[20]	Kabiri A, Azarian A 2021 Int. J. Opt. Photonics 15 65 Google Scholar
[21]	Valleti K, Krishna D M, Joshi S V 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 121 14 Google Scholar
[22]	Liu H D, Fu T R, Duan M H, Wan Q, Luo C, Chen Y M, Fu D J, Ren F, Li Q Y, Cheng X D, Yang B, Hu X J 2016 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 157 108 Google Scholar
[23]	Daalder J E, Wielders P G E 1975 Angular Distribution of Charged and Neutral Species in Vacuum Arcs Eindhoven, The Netherlands, August 18–22, 1975 p232
[24]	Liu H D, Wan Q, Xu Y R, Luo C, Chen Y M, Fu D J, Ren F, Luo G, Cheng X D, Hu X J, Yang B 2015 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 134 261 Google Scholar
[25]	Wang X B, Ouyang T Y, Duan X H, Ke C Z, Zhang X M, Min J, Li A, Guo W Y, Cheng X D 2017 Metals 7 137 Google Scholar
[26]	Gong D Q, Cheng X D, Ye W P, Zhang P, Luo G 2013 J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. , Mater. Sci. Ed. 28 256 Google Scholar
[27]	Zhang K, Hao L, Du M, Mi J, Wang J N, Meng J P 2017 Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 67 1282 Google Scholar
[28]	Yee K S 1966 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14 302 Google Scholar
[29]	Haddad F, Chikouche A, Laour M 2011 Energy Procedia 6 413 Google Scholar
[30]	Li Y, Lin C J, Wu Z X, Chen Z Y, Chi C, Cao F, Mei D Q, Yan H, Tso C Y, Chao C Y H, Huang B 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2005074 Google Scholar
[31]	Radhakrishnan A, Murugesan D V 2014 Am. Inst. Phys. 1620 52 Google Scholar
[32]	Tsai T K, Li Y H, Fang J S 2016 Thin Solid Films 615 91 Google Scholar
[33]	Liang L, Romo-De-La-Cruz C O, Carvilo P, Jackson B, Gemmen E, Paredes-Navia S A, Prucz J, Chen Y, Song X Y 2019 J. Solid State Chem. 277 427 Google Scholar
[34]	Khan A, Al-Muhaish N, Mohamedkhair A K, Khan M Y, Qamar M, Yamani Z H, Drmosh Q A 2022 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 580 121409 Google Scholar
[35]	Gong D Q, Niu R, Xu Y J, Min J, Liu H D, Cheng X D, Yang B, Ke C Z, Wang X B, Li Q Y, Li K W, Cui Z Q 2019 Sol. Energy 180 8 Google Scholar
[36]	Wu Z X, Liu Y J, Wei D, Yin L, Bai F X, Liu X J, Zhang Q, Cao F 2019 Mater. Today Phys. 9 100089 Google Scholar
[37]	Wang X B, Zhang X M, Li Q Y, Min J, Cheng X D 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 188 81 Google Scholar
[38]	程怡婷, Andrey S Makarov, Gennadii V Afonin, Vitaly A Khonik, 乔吉超 2021 物理学报 70 146401 Google Scholar Cheng Y T, Makarov A S, Afonin G V, Khonik V A, Qiao J C 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 146401 Google Scholar
[39]	Trelewicz J R, Schuh C A 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 094112 Google Scholar

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Vol. 72, Issue 5 - 2023-03-05

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