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Soliton, which can travel over long distance without attenuation or shape change due to the balance of the interplay between dispersion (or diffraction) and nonlinearity in nonlinear medium, becomes a good information carrier in quantum information processing and transmission. Up to now, the study on the optical solitons mainly focuses on ultra-cold atomic electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) medium. This is mainly because ultra-cold atomic system can generate strong nonlinear effect under low light excitation. However, for the practical application, it is a big challenge to control accurately the optical soliton dynamics in the atomic EIT medium due to its low temperature (which approaches to absolute zero) and rarefaction. Fortunately, with the maturity of semiconductor quantum production technology, quantum dots have extensive application prospect in quantum information processing and transmission. So, in the paper, we study the optical soliton dynamics in a four-level asymmetric array-type three-quantum-dot EIT medium. Based on the current experimental results, we first propose a four-level asymmetric array-type three-quantum-dot EIT model. Subsequently, by using amplitude variable approach combined with multi-scale method, we study analytically the propagation of a probe pulse in this system. It is shown that when one (the another) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned on (off), only a single transparency window appears in the center range of the probe field detuning. Only if two inter-dot tunneling couplings are turned on will two transparent windows be distributed on both sides of the central region of the probe field detuning. And the width of the single transparent window or the widths of two transparent windows become wider with the strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling increasing. For the nonlinear case, by choosing appropriate parameters in the area of the transparency window, the stable propagation of soliton can be realized. Interestingly, we find that the strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling has an important effect on the soliton dynamic behaviors. In the case that one (the another) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned on (off), with the increase of strength of the inter-dot tunneling coupling, the velocity of the soliton exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the amplitude of the soliton presents a increasing trend for ever. For the case that two inter-dot tunneling couplings are turned on, with the strength of the two inter-dot tunneling coupling increasing, the velocity of the soliton presents a decreasing trend for ever, while the amplitude of the soliton exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Thus, the amplitude modulation effect of optical soliton can be realized in semiconductor quantum dot devices. -
Keywords:
- electromagnetically induced transparency medium /
- inter-dot tunneling coupling /
- optical soliton dynamical behaviors
[1] Wang Y, Ding J W, Wang D L, et al. 2020 Chaos 30 123133Google Scholar
[2] Song W W, Li Q Y, Li Z D, et al. 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 070503Google Scholar
[3] 张晓斐, 张培, 陈光平, 董彪, 谭仁兵, 张首刚 2015 物理学报 64 060302Google Scholar
Zhang X F, Zhang P, Chen G P, Dong B, Tan R B, Zhang S G 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 060302Google Scholar
[4] Zhang X F, Zhang P, He W Q, Lin X X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 020307Google Scholar
[5] Li Z D, Guo Q Q, Guo Y, et al. 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 107506Google Scholar
[6] 李再东, 郭奇奇 2020 物理学报 69 017501Google Scholar
Li Z D, Guo Q Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 017501Google Scholar
[7] Guo H, Qiu X, Ma Y, et al. 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 060310Google Scholar
[8] Li Z D, Wang Y Y, He P B 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 010504Google Scholar
[9] 李吉, 刘伍明 2018 物理学报 67 110302Google Scholar
Li J, Liu W M 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 110302Google Scholar
[10] Xu D T, Chen Z M, Huang G X 2017 Opt. Express 25 19094Google Scholar
[11] Hang C, Huang G X 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043840Google Scholar
[12] Bai Z Y, Hang C, Huang G X 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 012701Google Scholar
[13] Zhou S J, Wang D L, Dong Y Y, Bai Z Y, Ding J W 2022 Phys. Lett. A 448 128320Google Scholar
[14] 邓瑞婕, 闫智辉, 贾晓军 2017 物理学报 66 074201Google Scholar
Deng R J, Yan Z H, Jia X J 2017 Acta. Phys. Sin. 66 074201Google Scholar
[15] Liu J, Jing H, Ge M L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 55802Google Scholar
[16] Si L G, Yang W X, Yang X X 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 26 478
[17] Si L G, Yang W X, Lü X Y, Li J H, Yang X X 2009 Eur. Phys. J. D 55 161Google Scholar
[18] Si L G, Yang W X, Liu J B, Li J H, Yang X X 2009 Opt. Express 17 7771Google Scholar
[19] Wu Y 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 053820Google Scholar
[20] Wu Y, Deng L 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 143904Google Scholar
[21] Wu Y, Deng L 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2064Google Scholar
[22] Dong Y Y, Wang D L, Wang Y, Ding J W 2018 Phys. Lett. A 382 2006Google Scholar
[23] Chen Y, Chen Z M, Huang G X 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 023820Google Scholar
[24] Xu D T, Bai Z Y, Huang G X 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 063857Google Scholar
[25] Chen Y, Bai Z Y, Huang G X 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023835Google Scholar
[26] Xu D T, Hang C, Huang G X 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043848Google Scholar
[27] Chong S, Huang G X 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 043821Google Scholar
[28] Chen Z M, Bai Z Y, Li H J, Hang C, Huang G X 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8211Google Scholar
[29] Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 347Google Scholar
[30] Liu H C, Gao M, Mccaffrey J, Wasilewski Z R, Fafard S 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 79Google Scholar
[31] Santori C, Pelton M, Solomon G, Dale Y, Yamamoto Y 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1502Google Scholar
[32] Brus L E 1986 J. Phys. Chem. 90 2555Google Scholar
[33] Marcinkevicius S, Gushterov A, Reithmaier J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 041113Google Scholar
[34] Yang W X, Chen A X, Lee R K, Wu Y 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 013835Google Scholar
[35] 佘彦超, 张蔚曦, 王登龙 2011 物理学报 60 064205Google Scholar
She Y C, Zhang W X, Wang D L 2011 Acta. Phys. Sin. 60 064205Google Scholar
[36] Zeng K H, Wang D L, She Y C, Luo X Q 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 221Google Scholar
[37] 曾宽宏, 王登龙, 佘彦超, 张蔚曦 2013 物理学报 62 147801Google Scholar
Zeng K H, Wang D L, She Y C, Zhang W X 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 147801Google Scholar
[38] Xiang Z H, Huwer J, Szymanska J S, et al. 2020 Commun. Phys. 3 121Google Scholar
[39] Childress L, Sørensen A S, Lukin M D 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 042302Google Scholar
[40] Ordonez G, Na K, Kim S 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 022113Google Scholar
[41] 唐宏, 王登龙, 张蔚曦, 丁建文, 肖思国 2017 物理学报 66 034202Google Scholar
Tang H, Wang D L, Zhang W X, Ding J W, Xiao S G 2017 Acta. Phys. Sin. 66 034202Google Scholar
[42] 杨璇, 王胤, 王登龙, 丁建文 2020 物理学报 69 174203Google Scholar
Yang X, Wang Y, Wang D L, Ding J W 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 174203Google Scholar
[43] Michael S, Chow W W, Schneider H C 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 125305Google Scholar
[44] 王胤, 周驷杰, 陈桥, 邓永和 2023 物理学报 72 084204Google Scholar
Wang Y, Zhou S J, Chen Q, Deng Y H 2023 Acta. Phys. Sin. 72 084204Google Scholar
[45] Wang Y, Zhou S J, Deng Y H, Chen Q 2023 Chin. Phys. B. 32 054203Google Scholar
[46] She Y C, Zheng X J, Wang D L, et al. 2013 Opt. Express 21 17392Google Scholar
[47] Wolters J, Buser G, Horsley A, Béguin L, Jöckel A, Jahn J P, Warburton R J, Treutlein P 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 060502Google Scholar
[48] Waugh F R, Berry M J, Mar D J, Westervelt R M, Campman K L, Gossard A C 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 705Google Scholar
[49] Krause B, Metzger T H, Rastelli A, Songmuang R, Kiravittaya S, Schmidt O G 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 085339Google Scholar
[50] Harris S E, Field J E, Imamoglu A. 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 1107Google Scholar
[51] Tian S C, Wan R G, Tong C Z, Ning Y Q 2014 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 31 1436Google Scholar
[52] Luo X Q, Li Z Z, Jing J, et al. 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 3107Google Scholar
[53] Luo X Q, Li Z Z, Li T F, et al. 2018 Opt. Express 26 32585Google Scholar
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图 2 关闭左点间隧穿耦合 ($ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_1} = 0 $) 仅开启右点间隧穿耦合情况下, 线性吸收系数$ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $随失谐$ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $的变化情况. 其他参数: $ {\gamma }_{10}=3.3\;\text{μeV}$, $ {\gamma }_{20}={\gamma }_{30}={10}^{-4}{\gamma }_{10} $, $ -\hslash {\omega }_{12}= $$ \hslash {\omega }_{13}=10\;\;\text{μeV} $, $ {\kappa }_{01}=1976\;{{\mathrm{cm}}}^{-1}{\cdot}\text{μeV} $
Figure 2. In the case that the left (right) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned off (on), the linear absorption coefficient $ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $ as a function of the detuning $ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $. Other parameters: $ {\gamma }_{10}=3.3\;\;\text{μeV}$, $ {\gamma }_{20}={\gamma }_{30}={10}^{-4}{\gamma }_{10} $, $ -\hslash {\omega }_{12}= \hslash {\omega }_{13}= $$ 10\;\;\text{μeV} $, and $ {\kappa }_{01}=1976\;{{\mathrm{cm}}}^{-1}{\cdot}\text{μeV} $.
图 3 关闭右点间隧穿耦合 (${\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_2} = 0$) 仅开启左点间隧穿耦合情况下, 线性吸收系数$ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $随失谐$ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $的变化情况. 图中所使用的其他参数与图2一致
Figure 3. In the case that the left (right) inter-dot tunneling coupling is turned on (off), the linear absorption coefficient $ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $ as a function of the detuning $ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $. Other parameters used are the same as the Fig. 2.
图 4 左、右两边两个点间隧穿耦合均开启情况下, 线性吸收系数$ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $随失谐$ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $的变化情况. 图中所使用的其他参数与图2一致
Figure 4. Under both the left and right inter-dot tunneling coupling are turned on, the linear absorption coefficient $ {K}_{0{\mathrm{i}}} $ as a function of the detuning $ {{{\varDelta }}}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $. Other parameters used are the same as the Fig. 2.
图 5 单点间隧穿耦合下三量子点EIT介质中光孤子的稳定性分析($ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_1} = 1\;{\text{meV}} $, $ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_2} = 0 $)
Figure 5. Stability analysis of optical solitons in the three quantum dot EIT medium under the single inter-dot tunneling coupling effect ($ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_1} = 1\;{\text{meV}} $, $ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_2} = 0 $).
图 6 双点间隧穿耦合下三量子点EIT介质中光孤子的稳定性分析($ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_1} = 1\;{\text{meV}} $, $ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_2} = 0.5\;{\text{meV}} $)
Figure 6. Stability analysis of optical solitons in three quantum dot EIT medium under the two single inter-dot tunneling coupling effect ($ {\mathrm{Te}}_1 = 1\;{\text{meV}} $, $ {\text{T}}{{\text{e}}_2} = 0.5\;{\text{meV}} $).
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[1] Wang Y, Ding J W, Wang D L, et al. 2020 Chaos 30 123133Google Scholar
[2] Song W W, Li Q Y, Li Z D, et al. 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 070503Google Scholar
[3] 张晓斐, 张培, 陈光平, 董彪, 谭仁兵, 张首刚 2015 物理学报 64 060302Google Scholar
Zhang X F, Zhang P, Chen G P, Dong B, Tan R B, Zhang S G 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 060302Google Scholar
[4] Zhang X F, Zhang P, He W Q, Lin X X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 020307Google Scholar
[5] Li Z D, Guo Q Q, Guo Y, et al. 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 107506Google Scholar
[6] 李再东, 郭奇奇 2020 物理学报 69 017501Google Scholar
Li Z D, Guo Q Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 017501Google Scholar
[7] Guo H, Qiu X, Ma Y, et al. 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 060310Google Scholar
[8] Li Z D, Wang Y Y, He P B 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 010504Google Scholar
[9] 李吉, 刘伍明 2018 物理学报 67 110302Google Scholar
Li J, Liu W M 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 110302Google Scholar
[10] Xu D T, Chen Z M, Huang G X 2017 Opt. Express 25 19094Google Scholar
[11] Hang C, Huang G X 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043840Google Scholar
[12] Bai Z Y, Hang C, Huang G X 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 012701Google Scholar
[13] Zhou S J, Wang D L, Dong Y Y, Bai Z Y, Ding J W 2022 Phys. Lett. A 448 128320Google Scholar
[14] 邓瑞婕, 闫智辉, 贾晓军 2017 物理学报 66 074201Google Scholar
Deng R J, Yan Z H, Jia X J 2017 Acta. Phys. Sin. 66 074201Google Scholar
[15] Liu J, Jing H, Ge M L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 55802Google Scholar
[16] Si L G, Yang W X, Yang X X 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 26 478
[17] Si L G, Yang W X, Lü X Y, Li J H, Yang X X 2009 Eur. Phys. J. D 55 161Google Scholar
[18] Si L G, Yang W X, Liu J B, Li J H, Yang X X 2009 Opt. Express 17 7771Google Scholar
[19] Wu Y 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 053820Google Scholar
[20] Wu Y, Deng L 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 143904Google Scholar
[21] Wu Y, Deng L 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2064Google Scholar
[22] Dong Y Y, Wang D L, Wang Y, Ding J W 2018 Phys. Lett. A 382 2006Google Scholar
[23] Chen Y, Chen Z M, Huang G X 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 023820Google Scholar
[24] Xu D T, Bai Z Y, Huang G X 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 063857Google Scholar
[25] Chen Y, Bai Z Y, Huang G X 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023835Google Scholar
[26] Xu D T, Hang C, Huang G X 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 043848Google Scholar
[27] Chong S, Huang G X 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 043821Google Scholar
[28] Chen Z M, Bai Z Y, Li H J, Hang C, Huang G X 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8211Google Scholar
[29] Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 347Google Scholar
[30] Liu H C, Gao M, Mccaffrey J, Wasilewski Z R, Fafard S 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 79Google Scholar
[31] Santori C, Pelton M, Solomon G, Dale Y, Yamamoto Y 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1502Google Scholar
[32] Brus L E 1986 J. Phys. Chem. 90 2555Google Scholar
[33] Marcinkevicius S, Gushterov A, Reithmaier J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 041113Google Scholar
[34] Yang W X, Chen A X, Lee R K, Wu Y 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 013835Google Scholar
[35] 佘彦超, 张蔚曦, 王登龙 2011 物理学报 60 064205Google Scholar
She Y C, Zhang W X, Wang D L 2011 Acta. Phys. Sin. 60 064205Google Scholar
[36] Zeng K H, Wang D L, She Y C, Luo X Q 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 221Google Scholar
[37] 曾宽宏, 王登龙, 佘彦超, 张蔚曦 2013 物理学报 62 147801Google Scholar
Zeng K H, Wang D L, She Y C, Zhang W X 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 147801Google Scholar
[38] Xiang Z H, Huwer J, Szymanska J S, et al. 2020 Commun. Phys. 3 121Google Scholar
[39] Childress L, Sørensen A S, Lukin M D 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 042302Google Scholar
[40] Ordonez G, Na K, Kim S 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 022113Google Scholar
[41] 唐宏, 王登龙, 张蔚曦, 丁建文, 肖思国 2017 物理学报 66 034202Google Scholar
Tang H, Wang D L, Zhang W X, Ding J W, Xiao S G 2017 Acta. Phys. Sin. 66 034202Google Scholar
[42] 杨璇, 王胤, 王登龙, 丁建文 2020 物理学报 69 174203Google Scholar
Yang X, Wang Y, Wang D L, Ding J W 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 174203Google Scholar
[43] Michael S, Chow W W, Schneider H C 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 125305Google Scholar
[44] 王胤, 周驷杰, 陈桥, 邓永和 2023 物理学报 72 084204Google Scholar
Wang Y, Zhou S J, Chen Q, Deng Y H 2023 Acta. Phys. Sin. 72 084204Google Scholar
[45] Wang Y, Zhou S J, Deng Y H, Chen Q 2023 Chin. Phys. B. 32 054203Google Scholar
[46] She Y C, Zheng X J, Wang D L, et al. 2013 Opt. Express 21 17392Google Scholar
[47] Wolters J, Buser G, Horsley A, Béguin L, Jöckel A, Jahn J P, Warburton R J, Treutlein P 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 060502Google Scholar
[48] Waugh F R, Berry M J, Mar D J, Westervelt R M, Campman K L, Gossard A C 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 705Google Scholar
[49] Krause B, Metzger T H, Rastelli A, Songmuang R, Kiravittaya S, Schmidt O G 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 085339Google Scholar
[50] Harris S E, Field J E, Imamoglu A. 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 1107Google Scholar
[51] Tian S C, Wan R G, Tong C Z, Ning Y Q 2014 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 31 1436Google Scholar
[52] Luo X Q, Li Z Z, Jing J, et al. 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 3107Google Scholar
[53] Luo X Q, Li Z Z, Li T F, et al. 2018 Opt. Express 26 32585Google Scholar
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