Optimization and application of shock wave measurement technology for shock-timing experiments on small-scale capsules

Yang Wei-Ming; Duan Xiao-Xi; Zhang Chen; Li Yu-Long; Liu Hao; Guan Zan-Yang; Zhang Huan; Sun Liang; Dong Yun-Song; Yang Dong; Wang Zhe-Bin; Yang Jia-Min

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20232000

Abstract

In laser fusion research, the precision of shock-timing technology is pivotal for attaining optimal adiabatic tuning during the compression phase of fusion capsules, which is crucial for ensuring the high-performance implosion. The current main technological approach for shock-timing experiments is to use keyhole targets and VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) diagnostics to measure the shock velocity history. Nonetheless, this approach encounters limitations when scaling down to smaller capsules, primarily due to the reduced effective reflection area available for VISAR diagnostics. In this work, a novel high-precision shock-timing experimental methodology is used to realize a double-step radiation-driven implosion of a 0.375 mm radius capsule on a 100 kJ laser facility. By calculating the intensity of VISAR images with spherical reflective surfaces, a new experimental technical route is proposed, i.e. using the keyhole cone reflection effect to enhance the VISAR diagnostic spatial area, which can effectively increase the effective data collection region by nearly threefold for small-scale capsules. The technique has been adeptly used to measure shock waves in cryogenic liquid-deuterium-filled capsules under shaped implosion experimental conditions, thus obtaining high-precision shock-timing experimental data. The experimental data reveal that the application of this technology can markedly enhance both the image quality and the precision of data analysis for shock wave velocity measurements in small-scale capsules. Furthermore, it is discovered that under similar laser conditions, there exist considerable variations in the shock velocity profiles. Simulation analysis shows that the difference in chasing behavior of the “N+1” reflected shock wave caused by small changes in laser intensity is the main reason for the significant difference in merging speed. It is demonstrated that small changes in laser parameters can significantly affect the transmission behavior of the shock wave. This experiment highlights the complex sensitivity of shock wave transmission in high-performance forming implosion physics process on a current small capsule scale, making it essential to conduct shock-timing experiments to accurately adjust actual shock wave behavior. This research not only lays a robust technical foundation for promoting adiabatic tuning experiments ofour 100 kJ laser facility but also has profound significance for the ultra-high pressure physics research based on the spherical convergence effect.

Keywords:

inertial confinement fusion /
shock-timing /
shaping laser /
velocity interferometer system for any reflector

Authors and contacts

1.
Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

Corresponding author: Wang Zhe-Bin, zhebinw@vip.sina.com ; Yang Jia-Min, yjm70018@sina.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics, China (Grant No. 6142A04230101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 120784351, 12275029, 12205276), and the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program of China (Grant No. JCKY2023212801).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) 球形反射面下VISAR诊断光路入射和收光示意图; (b) 成像系统F数为3时不同半径球形反射面的VISAR数据测量空间方向的光强分布; (c) 成像系统F数为4.5时不同半径球形反射面的VISAR数据测量空间方向的光强分布

Figure 1. (a) Diagnostic diagram of VISAR for spherical reflector; (b) spatial intensity distribution of VISAR data for spherical reflectors with different radii under the f/3 of imaging system; (c) spatial intensity distribution of VISAR data for spherical reflectors with different radii under the f/4.5 of imaging system.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 利用keyhole锥壁反射效应时球形反射面的VISAR诊断示意图; (b) 有10°锥角/无锥角时VISAR光强随倾角的变化; (c) 成像系统F数为3、半锥角为10°下不同半径球形反射面的VISAR数据测量空间方向的光强分布

Figure 2. (a) Diagnostic diagram of VISAR for spherical reflector with cone reflection; (b) comparison of the relationship between VISAR data intensity and inclination angle with 10° cone angle or without cone angle; (c) spatial intensity distribution of VISAR data for spherical reflectors with different radii under the f/3 of imaging system and 10° cone angle.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 无锥角和(b) 10°锥角keyhole靶冲击波调控实验原理示意图; (c) 无锥角和(d) 10°锥角keyhole靶冲击波调控实验设计辐射温度波形(蓝色实线)、VISAR仿真图像

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of shock-timing experiment under (a) non-cone angle and (b) 10° cone angle keyhole target; design of laser waveform (blue solid line) and VISAR simulation image of shock-timing experiment under (c) non-cone angle and (d) 10° cone angle keyhole target.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同keyhole锥角的冲击波调控实验获得的VISAR原始图像

Figure 4. VISAR raw images obtained from shock-timing experiments with different cone angles of keyhole target.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 液氘中的冲击波速度历程

Figure 5. Shock velocity history in deuterium.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 实验实际注入黑腔的单束激光平均波形及测量的辐射温度

Figure 6. Average waveform of single laser beam injected into hohlraum and measured radiation temperature.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 258发次冲击波传输轨迹的实验后模拟

Figure 7. Simulation of shock propagation trajectory of shot 258.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 274发次冲击波传输轨迹的实验后模拟

Figure 8. Simulation of shock propagation trajectory of shot 274.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Lindl J 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933 Google Scholar
[2]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Gail Glendinning S, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339 Google Scholar
[3]	Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-vehn J 著 (沈百飞译) 2008 惯性聚变物理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第41页 Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-vehn J (translated by Sheng B F) 2008 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (Beijing: Science Press) p41
[4]	Robey H F, MacGowan B J, Landen O L, LaFortune K N, Widmayer C, Celliers P M, Moody J D, Ross J S, Ralph J, LePape S, Berzak Hopkins L F, Spears B K, Haan S W, Clark D, Lindl J D, Edwards M J 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 052707 Google Scholar
[5]	Dewald E L, Rosen M, Glenzer S H, Suter L J, Girard F, Jadaud J P, Schein J, Constantin C, Wagon F, Huser G, Neumayer P, Landen O L 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 072706 Google Scholar
[6]	Haan S W, Pollaine S M, Lindl J D, Suter L J, Berger R L, Powers L V, Alley W E, Amendt P A, Futterman J A, Levedahl W K, Rosen M D, Rowley D P, Sacks R A, Shestakov A I, Strobel G L, Tabak M, Weber S V, Zimmerman G B 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2480 Google Scholar
[7]	Hu S X, Goncharov V N, Boehly T R, McCrory R L, Skupsky S, Collins L A, Kress J D, Militzer B 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 056304 Google Scholar
[8]	Boehly T R, Munro D, Celliers P M, Olson R E, Hicks D G, Goncharov V N, Collins G W, Robey H F, Hu S X, Marozas J A, Sangster J C, Landen O L, Meyerhofer D D 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 056302 Google Scholar
[9]	Celliers P M, Bradley D K, Collins G W, Hicks D G, Boehly T R, Armstrong W J 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 4916 Google Scholar
[10]	Boehly T R, Goncharov V N, Seka W, Barrios M A, Celliers P M, Hicks D G, Collins G W, Hu S X, Marozas J A, Meyerhofer D D 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 195005 Google Scholar
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[12]	Robey H F, Muncro D H, Spears B K, Marinak M M, Jones O S, Patel M V, Haan S W, Salmonson J D, Landen O L, Boehly T R, Nikroo A 2008 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 112 022078 Google Scholar
[13]	Robey H F, Celliers P M, Moody J D, Sater J, Parham T, Kozioziemski B, Dylla-Spears R, Ross J S, LePape S, Ralph J E, Hohenberger M, Dewald E L, Berzak Hopkins L, Kroll J J, Yoxall B E, Hamza A V, Boehly T R, Nikroo A, Landen O L, Edwards M J 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 022703 Google Scholar
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[15]	Zheng W G, Wei X F, Zhu Q H, Jing F, Hu D X, Yuan X D, Dai W J, Zhou W, Wang F, Xu D P, Xie X D, Feng B, Peng Z T, Guo L F, Chen Y B, Zhang X J, Liu L Q, Lin D H, Dang Z, Xiang Y, Zhang R, Wang F, Jia H T, Deng X W 2017 Matter Radiat. Extremes 2 243 Google Scholar
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[18]	黄天晅, 吴畅书, 陈忠靖, 晏骥, 李欣, 葛峰峻, 张兴, 蒋炜, 邓博, 侯立飞, 蒲昱东, 董云松, 王立锋 2023 物理学报 72 025201 Google Scholar Huang T X, Wu C S, Chen Z J, Yan J, Li X, Ge F J, Zhang X, Jiang W, Deng B, Hou L F, Pu Y D, Dong Y S, Wang L F 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 025201 Google Scholar
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[20]	Philpott M K, George A, Whiteman G, De’Ath J, Millett J C F 2015 Meas. Sci. Technol. 26 125204 Google Scholar
[21]	Barker L M 1998 AIP Conf. Proc. 429 833 Google Scholar
[22]	Li Z C, Jiang X H, Liu S Y, Huang T X, Zheng J, Yang J M, Li S W, Guo L, Zhao X F, Du H B, Song T M, Yi R Q, Liu Y G, Jiang S E, Ding Y K 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073504 Google Scholar
[23]	Li Z C, Zhu X L, Jiang X H, Liu S Y, Zheng J, Li S W, Wang Z B, Yang D, Zhang H, Guo L, Xin J, Song T M, Ding Y K 2011 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 106106 Google Scholar
[24]	Theobald W, Miller J E, Boehly T R, Vianello E, MeyerhoferD D, Sangster T C 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 122702 Google Scholar
[25]	Celliers P M, Collins G W, Da Silva L B, Cauble R, Gold D M, Foord M E, Holmes N C, Hammel B A, Wallace R J, Ng A 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5564 Google Scholar
[26]	Zaghoo M, Boehly T R, Rygg J R, Celliers P M, Hu S X, Collins G W 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 085001 Google Scholar
[27]	Erskine D, Eggert J, Celliers P, Hicks D 2017 AIP Conf. Proc. 1793 160016 Google Scholar
[28]	Ramis R, Schmalz R and Meyer-Ter-Vehn J 1988 Comput. Phys. Commun. 49 475 Google Scholar
[29]	Eidmann K 1994 Laser Part. Beams 12 223 Google Scholar
[30]	Landen O L, Caseya D T, DiNicola J M, et al. 2020 High Energy Density Phys. 36 100755 Google Scholar

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