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How to characterize thermodynamic non-equilibrium characteristics of flow field accurately and reliably is the key to solve the thermal and chemical non-equilibrium problem, which is one of the most basic scientific problems in hypersonic aerodynamcis. Based on the principles of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and Modified Exponential Gap (MEG) Raman linewidth model, a CARS spectral computation and vib-rotational temperature inversion program is proposed for characterizing the thermodynamic non-equilibrium properties of high-temperature gas flow field. The influence of vibrational and rotational temperatures on Raman linewidth and CARS spectral characteristics is studied theoretically. A CARS system is built and the corresponding accuracy over a wide temperature range is verified in a static environment that is established using a high-temperature tube furnace and a McKenna burner. The result show that the average relative deviation of the vibration temperature Tv and rotational temperature Tr from the equilibrium temperature Teq are 4.28% and 3.34% respectively in the range of 1000K to 2300K, and the corresponding average repeatability are 1.95% and 3.03% respectively. These results indicate that the vibrational and rotational temperatures obtained by the non-equilibrium program are in good agreement with those obtained by the thermal equilibrium program. Finally, a non-equilibrium microwave plasma flow is built and its vibrational and rotational temperatures are measured using the developed program. The result show that the microwave plasma is in thermodynamic non-equilibrium, and the vibrational temperature and rotational temperature are proportional to microwave power, while the thermodynamic non-equilibrium degree exhibits the opposite trend. With microwave power increasing from 80W to 180W, the vibrational temperature of plasma increases from 2201 ±43 K to 2452 ±56 K, the rotational temperature increases from 382 ±20 K to 535 ±49 K. The principal reasons are that, the increase in microwave power leads to an increase in electron number density, and neutral particles obtain energy through collision with electrons, resulting in an increase in vibrational temperature, rotational temperature, and translational temperature. The thermodynamic non-equilibrium degree decreases from 0.83 to 0.78 with the microwave power increasing is due to the V-T relaxation rate increasing. The molecules in the vibrational excited states lose energy through collision with ground state molecules (i.e. V-T relaxation process), resulting in vibrational energy being converted into translational energy. For N2 molecules, the V-T relaxation rate is directly proportional to the temperature, which leads to a decrease in the difference between vibrational and rotational temperatures with increasing microwave power, leading to a decrease in non-equilibrium degree with increasing microwave power.
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Keywords:
- Thermodynamic non-equilibrium /
- Vibrational temperature /
- Rotational temperature /
- Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering
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