Spin Excitation Spectrum of Iron Pnictide Superconductors

Li Ze-Zong; Hong Wen-Shan; Xie Tao; Liu Chang; Luo Hui-Qian

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241534

Abstract
Spin fluctuations are generally believed as the most possible candidate for the medium of superconducting electron pairing in unconventional superconductors. The iron-base superconductors provide extensive opportunities for the mechanism research of unconventional superconductivity, as they have so many systems with different structures and rice magnetisms. Taking the iron pnictide superconductors as examples, this review summarizes the inelastic neutron scattering results on the spin excitation spectrum of iron-based superconductors, especially for their common features.
First, we introduce the direct connection between the low energy spin excitations and superconductivity, which is so called as the neutron spin resonance mode. This mode is widely present in the superconducting states of all iron-based superconductors, where the resonance energy E_R is linearly proportional to the critical temperature T_c: E_R=4.9 k_B T_c, and it has a universal c-axis preferred characteristic. The in-plane dispersion of spin resonance modes is not limited by the superconducting energy gap, which contradicts the traditional spin exciton model. The out of plane dispersion of spin resonance modes is determined by the Fe-As interplanar distance, indicating that the three-dimensional spin correlation effect cannot be ignored, which may be the key to clarifying the role of spin fluctuations in superconductivity.
Second, we summarize the energy dispersion, intensity distribution and total fluctuating moments for high energy spin excitations. Although the Heisenberg model can roughly describe the similar dispersions in different systems based on the anisotropic in-plane nearest neighbor effective exchange couplings and the similar second nearest neighbor effective exchange coupling, the correlated Hubbard model based on itinerant magnetism can more accurately describe the spin wave behavior after degeneracy, thus the spin excitations are more likely understood from the perspective of itinerant magnetism. The spin excitation intensity varies greatly with energy in different systems, indicating a competitive relationship between itinerant and localized magnetic interactions. However, the total fluctuating moments are generally the same, indicating that the effective spin S=1/2. The spin excitation bandwidth is around 100-200 meV, probably is correlated with the height of As away from the Fe-Fe plane.
Finally, we make a full comparison for the spin excitations in iron-based superconductors and copper oxide superconductors. The spin excitation spectrum of iron-based superconductors has much richer physics than cuprates, due to the complex physics on multiple orbitals, Fermi surfaces, and energy gaps. These phenomena lead to the diversity of spin excitations, especially for the prominent three-dimensional spin correlation effect. This indicates that interlayer pairing and intra layer pairing driven by spin interactions are equally important and must be fully considered in microscopic theories of high-T_c superconductivity.

Keywords:
Iron-based superconductors /

High temperature superconductivity /

Inelastic neutron scattering /

Spin excitation spectrum /

Spin fluctuations
Cited By

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