-
Inelastic neutron scattering is a pivotal technique in materials science and physics research, revealing the microscopic dynamic properties of materials by observing the changes in energy and momentum of neutrons interacting with matter. This technique provides important information for quantitatively describing the phonon dispersion and magnetic excitations of materials. Inelastic neutron scattering spectrometers can be classified into triple-axis spectrometers and time-of-flight spectrometers based on the method of selecting monochromatic neutrons. The former has high signal-to-noise ratio, flexibility, and precise tracking capabilities for specific measurement points, while the latter significantly improves experimental efficiency through various measures. The application of inelastic neutron scattering spectrometers is quite extensive, playing an indispensable role in advancing frontier scientific research in the study of mechanisms in various materials such as magnetism, superconductivity, thermoelectrics, and catalysis. The high-energy inelastic spectrometer at the China Spallation Neutron Source is the first time-of-flight neutron inelastic spectrometer in China, achieving high resolution and multi-energy coexistence with its innovative Fermi chopper design. Additionally, the number of neutron beams available for experiments at this facility is at the forefront internationally.
-
Keywords:
- Inelastic neutron scattering /
- triple-axis neutron scattering spectrometer /
- time-of-flight neutron scattering spectrometer /
- Fermi chopper
-
图 1 (a) 三轴谱仪平面图; (b) CMRR的“鲲鹏”冷三轴谱仪[17]; (c) “翠竹”热中子谱仪的构造图[18]; (d) “翠竹”热中子谱仪的照片[19]
Figure 1. (a) Triple-axis spectrometer plane diagram; (b) The cold triple-axis spectrometer Kunpeng at CMRR[17]; (c) Construction diagram of the thermal triple-axis spectrometer IOP-CIAE[18]; (d) Photograph of the thermal triple-axis spectrometer IOP-CIAE[19].
图 2 直接几何飞行时间谱仪的构造图
Figure 2. The construction diagram of a direct geometry time-of-flight spectrometer.
图 4 费米斩波器的构造. 分别为Sloppy斩波器(a)和钆斩波器(b)
Figure 4. The construction of the Fermi chopper. (a) The Sloppy chopper. (b) Gd chopper.
图 5 通过费米斩波器的中子飞行时间-距离图. 其中虚线表示相邻两支单色中子的能量分析区间存在重叠. 颜色的透明度代表了费米斩波器在该能量的透过率
Figure 5. The neutron flight time-distance diagram of the Fermi chopper. The dashed lines indicate that there is an overlap in the energy analysis ranges of two adjacent monochromatic neutrons. The transparency of the colors represents the transmission rate of the Fermi chopper at that energy.
图 6 费米斩波器不同转速下能量分辨率随波长的变化. 其中红色区域为RRM模式禁区
Figure 6. The energy resolution of the Fermi chopper varies with wavelength at different rotation speeds. The red area indicates the forbidden zone for the RRM mode.
图 7 使用弯通道费米斩波器的中子飞行时间图
Figure 7. The neutron time-of-flight diagram with a curved channel Fermi chopper.
图 8 SnS声子色散和动态磁化率$ (\chi''(Q, E)) $随结构相变的演化. (a)—(d)为Pnma相, (e)—(h)为Cmcm相. 在Pnma相中用谐波近似计算的低能色散[51]
Figure 8. The SnS phonon dispersion and dynamic magnetic susceptibility $ (\chi''(Q, E)) $ evolve with structural phase transitions. (a)–(d) correspond to the Pnma phase, while (e)–(h) correspond to the Cmcm phase. The low-energy dispersion calculated using harmonic approximation in the Pnma phase is shown[51].
图 9 (a)为通过非弹性中子散射测量$ {\mathrm{La}}_3 $$ {\mathrm{Ni}}_2 $$ {\mathrm{O}}_{7-\delta} $的能谱, 强度为低温减去高温数据, (b)为通过自旋波计算得到的自旋激发谱[55]
Figure 9. The energy spectrum of ${\mathrm{La}}_3 $${\mathrm{Ni}} _2 $${\mathrm{O}} _{7-\delta} $ was measured through inelastic neutron scattering, with intensity being the low-temperature data subtracted from the high-temperature data, (b) The spin excitation spectrum obtained through spin wave calculations[55].
图 10 (a)为通过非弹性中子散射测量的$ {\mathrm{PbCuTe}}_2 $${\mathrm{O}} _6 $粉末的磁激发, (b)为$ {\mathrm{PbCuTe}}_2 $${\mathrm{ O}}_6 $单晶的磁激发谱[74].
Figure 10. (a) The magnetic excitations of ${\mathrm{PbCuTe}} _2 $$ {\mathrm{O}}_6 $ powder measured by inelastic neutron scattering, (b) The magnetic excitation spectrum of $ {\mathrm{PbCuTe}}_2 $${\mathrm{O}} _6 $ single crystal[74].
表 1 各个非弹谱仪的参数对比. 其中L1、L2和L3分别为慢化器到费米斩波器的距离、样品到费米斩波器的距离和样品到探测器的距离
Table 1. Parameter comparison of various non-elastic spectrometers. Among them, L1, L2 and L3 are the distance from the moderator to the Fermi chopper, the distance from the sample to the Fermi chopper and the distance from the sample to the detector respectively.
谱仪 HRC 4SEASONS SEQUOIA ARCS MERLIN HD 中子源 J-PARC J-PARC SNS SNS ISIS CSNS 慢化器 DHM CHM DWM DWM DWM DWM Ei(meV) 1$ \sim $2000 5$ \sim $300 8$ \sim $2000 10$ \sim $1500 7$ \sim $2000 10$ \sim $1500 Q(Å-1) — — — 0.15$ \sim $22 — 0.1$ \sim $41.5 水平角度 –31°$ \sim $62° –35°$ \sim $130° –30°$ \sim $60° –28°$ \sim $135° –45°$ \sim $135° –30$ \sim $130°
前期(-30°$ \sim $60°)垂直角度 20°$ \sim $20° –25°$ \sim $27° –18°$ \sim $18° –27°$ \sim $26° –30° $ \sim $30° –30$ \sim $30° 分辨率 >2% >5 % 1%$ \sim $5% 3%$ \sim $5% 4%$ \sim $7% 3%$ \sim $10% L1/L2/L3 14/1/4 16.3/1.7/2.5 18/2/5.53 11.6/2/3$ \sim $3.4 10/1.8.2.5 16/2/2.5 样品尺寸 5*5 cm2 4.5*4.5 cm2
or 2*2 cm25*5 cm2 5*5 cm2 5*5 cm2 5*5 cm2
or 3*3 cm2
DownLoad: CSV
-
[1] Rutherford E 1920 Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 97 374
Google Scholar
[2] Chadwick J 1932 Nature 129 312
[3] Von Halban H 1936 Acad. Sci. Paris 203 73
[4] Elsasser W 1936 CR Acad. Sci 202 1029
[5] Mitchell D P, Powers P N 1936 Phys. Rev. 50 486
[6] Bloch F 1936 Phys. Rev. 50 259
Google Scholar
[7] Alvarez L W, Bloch F 1940 Phys. Rev. 57 111
Google Scholar
[8] Shull C G, Smart J S 1949 Phys. Rev. 76 1256
[9] Brockhouse B, Hurst D 1952 Phys. Rev. 88 542
Google Scholar
[10] Brockhouse B 1958 Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965) 9 45
Google Scholar
[11] Besnard M, Dianoux A J, Lalanne P, Lassegues J C 1977 J. Phys. 38 1417
Google Scholar
[12] Janik J A 1982 Adv. Liq. Cryst. 5 215
[13] Gaskell P H, Saeed A, Chieux P, Mckenzie D R 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 1286
Google Scholar
[14] Loong C K, Vashishta P, Kalia R K, Degani M H, Zheng Y 1989 Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 2628
Google Scholar
[15] Banerjee A, Yan J, Knolle J, Bridges C A, Stone M B, Lumsden M D, Mandrus D G, Tennant D A, Moessner R, Nagler S E 2017 Science 356 1055
Google Scholar
[16] Squires G L, Lynn J W 1978 Phys. Today 32 69
[17] Song J M, Luo W, Liu B Q, Li X, Hu B F, Huang C Q, Chen B, Sun G A, Pang B B, Zhang Y, et al 2020 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 968 163929
Google Scholar
[18] 李世亮, 戴鹏程 2011 物理 40 33
Li S L, Dai P C 2011 Wuli 40 33
[19] 李天富, 武梅梅, 焦学胜, 孙凯, 陈东风 2020 原子核物理评论 37 364
Li T F, Wu M M, Jiao X S, Sun K, Chen D F 2020 Nucl. Phys. Rev. 37 364
[20] Brockhouse B, Stewart A 1955 Phys. Rev. 100 756
Google Scholar
[21] Rodriguez J A, Adler D M, Brand P C, Broholm C, Cook J C, Brocker C, Hammond R, Huang Z, Hundertmark P, Lynn J W, Maliszewskyj N C, Moyer J, Orndorff J, Pierce D, Pike T D, Scharfstein G, Smee S A, Vilaseca R 2008 Meas. Sci. Technol. 19 034023
Google Scholar
[22] Lynn J, Chen Y, Chang S, Zhao Y, Chi S, W Ratcliff I, Ueland B, Erwin R 2012 J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 117 61
[23] Boehm M, Hiess A, Kulda J, Roux S, Saroun J 2008 Meas. Sci. and Technol. 19 034024
Google Scholar
[24] Jimenez-Ruiz M, Hiess A, Currat R, Kulda J, Bermejo F 2006 Physica B Condens. Matter 385 1086
[25] Wu C M, Deng G, Gardner J, Vorderwisch P, Li W H, Yano S, Peng J C, Imamovic E 2016 J. Instrum. 11 P10009
Google Scholar
[26] Danilkin S A, Yethiraj M, Saerbeck T, Klose F, Ulrich C, Fujioka J, Miyasaka S, Tokura Y, Keimer B 2012 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 340 012003
Google Scholar
[27] Kikuchi H, Asai S, Sato T J, Nakajima T, Harriger L, Zaliznyak I, Masuda T 2024 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 93 091004
Google Scholar
[28] Nawa K, Okuyama D, Wu H C, Murasaki R, Matsuzaka S, Kinjo K, Sato T J 2024 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 93 091001
Google Scholar
[29] Fischer W 1997 Physica B Condens. Matter 234-236 1202
Google Scholar
[30] Stuhr U, Roessli B, Gvasaliya S, Rnnow H, Filges U, Graf D, Bollhalder A, Hohl D, Bürge R, Schild M, Holitzner L, C K, Keller P, Mühlebach T 2017 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 853 16
Google Scholar
[31] Cheng P, Zhang H, Bao W, Schneidewind A, Link P, Grünwald A, Georgii R, Hao L, Liu Y 2016 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 821 17
Google Scholar
[32] Demmel F, Fleischmann A, Gläser W 1998 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 416 115
Google Scholar
[33] Kempa M, Janousova B, Saroun J, Flores P, Boehm M, Demmel F, Kulda J 2006 Physica B Condens. Matter 385-386 1080
Google Scholar
[34] Groitl F, Toft-Petersen R, Quintero-Castro D L, Meng S, Lu Z, Huesges Z, Le M D, Alimov S, Wilpert T, Kiefer K, et al 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 13637
Google Scholar
[35] Utschick C, Skoulatos M, Schneidewind A, Böni P 2016 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 837 88
Google Scholar
[36] Sobolev O, Hoffmann R, Gibhardt H, Jünke N, Knorr A, Meyer V, Eckold G 2015 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 772 63
Google Scholar
[37] Kikuchi H, Asai S, Sato T J, Nakajima T, Harriger L, Zaliznyak I, Masuda T 2024 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 93 091004
Google Scholar
[38] Wang J, Liu J, Xu D, Grünauer F, Hao L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Cheng P, Bao W 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 057801
Google Scholar
[39] Firk F 1979 Nucl. Instrum. Methods 162 539
Google Scholar
[40] Yu D, Mole R, Noakes T, Kennedy S, Robinson R 2013 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 82 SA027
Google Scholar
[41] Cicognani G, Mutka H, Sacchetti F 2000 Physica B Condens. Matter 276 83
[42] Ollivier J, Mutka H, Didier L 2010 Neutron News 21 22
Google Scholar
[43] Kajimoto R, Yokoo T, Nakajima K, Nakamura M, Soyama K, Ino T, Shamoto S, Fujita M, Ohoyama K, Hiraka H, et al 2007 J. Neutron Res. 15 5
Google Scholar
[44] Nakajima K, Ohira-Kawamura S, Kikuchi T, Nakamura M, Kajimoto R, Inamura Y, Takahashi N, Aizawa K, Suzuya K, Shibata K, et al 2011 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 80 SB028
Google Scholar
[45] Le M D, Guidi T, Bewley R, Stewart J R, Schooneveld E M, Raspino D, Pooley D E, Boxall J, Gascoyne K F, Rhodes N J, et al 2023 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 1056 168646
Google Scholar
[46] Bewley R, Eccleston R, McEwen K, Hayden S, Dove M, Bennington S, Treadgold J, Coleman R 2006 Physica B Condens. Matter 385-386 1029
Google Scholar
[47] Bewley R, Taylor J, Bennington S 2011 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 637 128
Google Scholar
[48] Abernathy D L, Stone M B, Loguillo M, Lucas M, Delaire O, Tang X, Lin J, Fultz B 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum 83 015114
Google Scholar
[49] Ehlers G, Podlesnyak A A, Niedziela J L, Iverson E B, Sokol P E 2011 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 085108
Google Scholar
[50] Luo W, Feng Y, Liu X, Wang M, Zhu D, Gao W, Geng Y, Ren Q, Shen J, Sun Y, et al 2023 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 1046 167676
Google Scholar
[51] Lanigan-Atkins T, Yang S, Niedziela J L, Bansal D, Delaire O 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 4430
Google Scholar
[52] Sidis Y, Pailhès S, Hinkov V, Fauquxe B, Ulrich C, Capogna L, Ivanov A, Regnault L P, Keimer B, Bourges P 2007 C. R. Phys. 8 745
Google Scholar
[53] Fujita M, Hiraka H, Matsuda M, Matsuura M, M Tranquada J, Wakimoto S, Xu G, Yamada K 2012 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 81 011007
Google Scholar
[54] Dai P 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 855
Google Scholar
[55] Xie T, Huo M, Ni X, Shen F, Huang X, Sun H, Walker H C, Adroja D, Yu D, Shen B, He L, Cao K, Wang M 2024 Sci. Bull. 69(20) 3221
[56] Tranquada J, Woo H, Perring T, Goka H, Gu G, Xu G, Fujita M, Yamada K 2004 Nature 429 534
Google Scholar
[57] Dai P, Hu J, Dagotto E 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 709
Google Scholar
[58] Si Q, Yu R, Abrahams E 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 1
[59] Zhou X, Lee W S, Imada M, Trivedi N, Phillips P, Kee H Y, Törmä P, Eremets M 2021 Nat. Rev. Phys. 3 462
Google Scholar
[60] Wang M, Zhang C, Lu X, Tan G, Luo H, Song Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Goremychkin E, Perring T, et al 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2874
Google Scholar
[61] Hong W, Song L, Liu B, Li Z, Zeng Z, Li Y, Wu D, Sui Q, Xie T, Danilkin S, Ghosh H, Ghosh A, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhou X, Qiu X, Li S, Luo H 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 117002
Google Scholar
[62] Gu Q, Wen H H 2022 Innovation 3 100202
[63] Wang M, Wen H H, Wu T, Yao D X, Xiang T 2024 Chinese Phys. Lett. 41 077402
Google Scholar
[64] Sun H, Huo M, Hu X, Li J, Liu Z, Han Y, Tang L, Mao Z, Yang P, Wang B, et al 2023 Nature 621 493
Google Scholar
[65] Wang N, Wang G, Shen X, Hou J, Luo J, Ma X, Yang H, Shi L, Dou J, Feng J, et al 2024 Nature 634 579
Google Scholar
[66] Wxu W, Luo Z, Yao D X, Wang M 2024 Sci. China Phys. Mech. 67 117402
Google Scholar
[67] Zhou Y, Kanoda K, Ng T K 2017 Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 025003
Google Scholar
[68] Zhu Z, Pan B, Nie L, Ni J, Yang Y, Chen C, Jiang C, Huang Y, Cheng E, Yu Y, et al 2023 Innovation 4 100459
[69] Lin G, Ma J 2023 Innovation 4 100484
[70] Broholm C, Cava R J, Kivelson S A, Nocera D G, Norman M R, Senthil T 2020 Science 367 eaay0668
Google Scholar
[71] 王颖, 殳蕾 2024 物理学报 73 197601
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Shu L 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 197601
Google Scholar
[72] Paddison J A, Daum M, Dun Z, Ehlers G, Liu Y, Stone M B, Zhou H, Mourigal M 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 117
Google Scholar
[73] Stone, Matthew, B, Lumsden, Ma rk, D, Moessner, Roderich, Banerjee, Arnab 2017 Science 356 1055
Google Scholar
[74] Chillal S, Iqbal Y, Jeschke H O, Rodriguez-Rivera J A, Lake B 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2348
Google Scholar
[75] Bansal D, Niedziela J L, Sinclair R, Garlea V O, Abernathy D L, Chi S, Ren Y, Zhou H, Delaire O 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 15
Google Scholar
[76] Wei B, Sun Q, Li C, Hong J 2021 Sci. China Phys. Mech. 64 117001
Google Scholar
[77] Ren Q, Gupta M K, Jin M, Ding J, Wu J, Chen Z, Lin S, Fabelo O, Rodrxıguez-Velamazxan J A, Kofu M, et al 2023 Nat. Mater. 22 999
Google Scholar
[78] Han S, Dai S, Ma J, Ren Q, Hu C, Gao Z, Duc Le M, Sheptyakov D, Miao P, Torii S, et al 2023 Nat. Phys. 19 1649
Google Scholar
[79] Kofu M, Hashimoto N, Akiba H, Kobayashi H, Kitagawa H, Iida K, Nakamura M, Yamamuro O 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 054304
Google Scholar
[80] Shrestha U R, Mamontov E, O’Neill H M, Zhang Q, Kolesnikov A I, Chu X 2022 Innovation 3 100199
[81] Hong L, Jain N, Cheng X, Bernal A, Tyagi M, Smith J C 2016 Sci. Adv. 2 e1600886
Google Scholar
DownLoad:
Metrics
- Abstract views: 196
- PDF Downloads: 12
- Cited By: 0
