Muon spectrometers on China Spallation Neutron Source and its application prospects

Li Qiang; Li Yang; Lü You; Pan Zi-Wen; Bao Yu

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240926

Abstract

The China Spallation Neutron Source Phase-II Project (CSNS-II) includes the construction of a muon source, namely “Muon station for sciEnce technoLOgy and inDustrY” (MELODY). A muon target station and a surface muon beam line will be completed as scheduled in 2029, making MELODY the first Chinese muon facility. This beam line mainly focuses on the application of muon spin relaxation/rotation/resonance (μSR) spectroscopy. The MELODY also reserves the tunnels for building a negative muon beam line and a decay muon beam line in the future, thereby further expanding the research field to muon-induced X-ray emission (MIXE) elemental analysis and μSR measurements in thick cells, respectively. The two types of material characterization technologies keep their uniqueness in multi-disciplinary researches, and also provide complementary insights for other techniques, such as neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray fluorescence analysis.The μSR spectroscopy is a mature technology for injecting highly spin polarized muon beams into various types of materials. The subsequent precession and relaxation of muon spin in its surrounding atomic environment reflect the static and dynamical properties of the material of interest, which are then measured by detecting the asymmetric emission of positrons from the decay of those muons, with an average lifetime of approximately 2.2 μs. This enables μSR to develop into a powerful quantum magnetic probe for investigating materials related to magnetism, superconductivity, and molecular dynamics. The combination of a positive muon and an electron is known as muonium, which is a unique and sensitive probe in studying semiconductors, new energy materials, free radical chemistry, etc. As the production of muon beams strongly relies on proton accelerator, only five muon facilities in the world are available for μSR experiments. This limits the large-scale application of muon related sciences. Especially, Chinese researchers face fierce competition and can only apply for precious and limited muon beam time from international muon sources to characterize the key properties of their materials.The construction of the MELODY muon facility at CSNS-II aims to provide intense and pulsed muon beams for Chinese and international users to conduct their μSR measurements with high quality data in a low repetition rate operation mode. To achieve this goal, as shown in Fig. 1, the μSR spectrometer is designed with 1) over 3000 detector units to obtain a sufficient counting rate of 80 Million/h to significantly suppress statistical fluctuations in a short measuring time, 2) a high asymmetry of 0.3 to greatly amplify μSR signals so as to further reduce statistical fluctuations, and 3) extendable low temperature devices to cover most μSR applications and also fulfill experiments with extreme condition requirements.The MIXE elemental analysis is a type of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technology. Due to the heavier mass of negative muon, the energy of muonic X-ray is around 207 higher than that of X-ray or electron induced fluorescence X-ray. Thus, the MIXE technology is more sensitive to materials with low atomic numbers, and thick samples can be effectively studied without scratching their surfaces. Due to these advantages, the MIXE has been successfully applied to the elemental analysis of cultural heritages, meteorites, Li-ion batteries, etc. MELODY reserves tunnels for negative muon extractions and transport to a MIXE terminal. The MELODY research team is developing a new detection technology with high energy resolution and high counting capability to shorten the measuring time to an acceptable amount based on the 1-Hz repetition rate of muon pulses.The μSR spectroscopy and MIXE are the two most important application fields of accelerator muon beams. The MELODY muon facility aims to develop and promote these technologies in China by constructing dedicated muon beam lines in CSNS-II and in the future. In this overview, we introduce the principles and advantages of the μSR and MIXE technologies, as well as the physical design and application prospects of the μSR and MIXE spectrometers based on the CSNS-II muon source. Finally, discussions and expectations are made regarding the future upgrade of the CSNS-II muon source’s muon beamline and its broader applications.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Corresponding author: Bao Yu, yubao@ihep.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences “From 0 to 1” Original Innovation Programm (Grant No. ZDBS-LY-SLH009).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Neddermeyer S H, Anderson C D 1937 Phys. Rev. 51 884 Google Scholar
[2]	Conversi M, Pancini E, Piccioni O 1947 Phys. Rev. 71 209 Google Scholar
[3]	Meyer S L, Anderson E W, Bleser E, Lederman I M, Rosen J L, Rothberg J, Wang I T 1963 Phys. Rev. 132 2693 Google Scholar
[4]	唐健, 李亮, 袁野 2021 物理 50 239 Google Scholar Tang J, Li L, Yuan Y 2021 Physics 50 239 Google Scholar
[5]	Baldini A M, Bao Y, Baracchini E, et al. 2016 Eur. Phys. J. C 76 434 Google Scholar
[6]	Bellgardt U, Otter G, Eichler R, et al. 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 299 1 Google Scholar
[7]	Bertl W, Engfer R, Hermes E A, Kurz G, Kozlowski T, Kuth J, Otter G, Rosenbaum F, Ryskulov N M, van der Schaaf A, Wintz P, Zychor I (The SINDRUM II Collaboration) 2006 Eur. Phys. J. C 47 337 Google Scholar
[8]	Hincks E P, Pontecorvo B 1948 Phys. Rev. 73 257 Google Scholar
[9]	Aoyama T, Asmussen N, Benayoun M, et al. 2020 Phys. Rep. 887 1 Google Scholar
[10]	Abe M, Bae S, Beer G, et al. 2019 Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2019 053C02 Google Scholar
[11]	Bennett G W, Bousquet B, Brown H N, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. D 80 52008 Google Scholar
[12]	Bennett G W, Bousquet B, Brown H N, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. D 73 72003 Google Scholar
[13]	Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 141801 Google Scholar
[14]	Hillier A D, Blundell S J, McKenzie I, Umegaki I, Shu L, Wright J A, Prokscha T, Bert F, Shimomura K, Berlie A, Alberto H, Watanabe I 2022 Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 2 4 Google Scholar
[15]	Tan C, Ding Z F, Zhang J, Zhu Z H, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Hillier A D, Koda A, Luetkens H, Morris G D, MacLaughlin D E, Shu L 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 195108 Google Scholar
[16]	Shu L, MacLaughlin D E, Varma C M, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Fukuda R H, Shen X P, Maple M B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 166401 Google Scholar
[17]	Gheidi S, Akintola K, Akella K S, Côté A M, Dunsiger S R, Broholm C, Fuhrman W T, Saha S R, Paglione J, Sonier J E 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 197203 Google Scholar
[18]	Tan C, Ying T P, Ding Z F, Zhang J, MacLaughlin D E, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Huang K, Watanabe I, Li S Y, Shu L 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 174524 Google Scholar
[19]	Heffner R H, Sonier J E, MacLaughlin D E, Nieuwenhuys G J, Ehlers G, Mezei F, Cheong S W, Gardner J S, Röder H 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3285 Google Scholar
[20]	Li Y, Adroja D, Biswas P K, Baker P J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Tsirlin A A, Gegenwart P, Zhang Q 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 97201 Google Scholar
[21]	Khasanov R, Evtushinsky D V, Amato A, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 187005 Google Scholar
[22]	Hillier A D, Quintanilla J, Mazidian B, Annett J F, Cywinski R 2012 Phys Rev Lett 109 97001 Google Scholar
[23]	殳蕾, 倪晓杰, 潘子文 2021 物理 50 257 Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257
[24]	Chang W Y 1949 Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 166 Google Scholar
[25]	Terada K, Ninomiya K, Osawa T, Tachibana S, Miyake Y, Kubo M K, Kawamura N, Higemoto W, Tsuchiyama A, Ebihara M, Uesugi M 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5072 Google Scholar
[26]	Terada K, Sato A, Ninomiya K, Kawashima Y, Shimomura K, Yoshida G, Kawai Y, Osawa T, Tachibana S 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 15478 Google Scholar
[27]	Clemenza M, Bonesini M, Carpinelli M, et al. 2019 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 322 1357 Google Scholar
[28]	Hampshire B V, Butcher K, Ishida K, Green G, Paul D M, Hillier A D 2019 Heritage 2 400 Google Scholar
[29]	Green G A, Ishida K, Hampshire B V, Butcher K, Pollard A M, Hillier A D 2021 J. Archaeol. Sci. 134 105470 Google Scholar
[30]	Cataldo M, Clemenza M, Ishida K, Hillier A D 2022 Appl. Sci. 12 4237 Google Scholar
[31]	Umegaki I, Higuchi Y, Kondo Y, Ninomiya K, Takeshita S, Tampo M, Nakano H, Oka H, Sugiyama J, Kubo M K, Miyake Y 2020 Anal. Chem. 92 8194 Google Scholar
[32]	Breunlich W H, Kammel P, Cohen J S, Leon M 1989 Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 39 311 Google Scholar
[33]	Morishima K, Kuno M, Nishio A, et al. 2017 Nature 552 386 Google Scholar
[34]	Shimomura K, Koda A, Pant A D, et al. 2024 Interactions 245 31 Google Scholar
[35]	Daum M 1982 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 192 137 Google Scholar
[36]	Thomason J W G 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 917 61 Google Scholar
[37]	Cook S, D’Arcy R, Edmonds A, et al. 2017 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20 30101 Google Scholar
[38]	Beveridge J L, Doornbos J, Garner D M 1986 Hyperfine Interact. 32 907 Google Scholar
[39]	Bao Y, Chen J, Chen C, et al. 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 12034 Google Scholar
[40]	Kim J C, Jeong J Y, Pak K, Kim Y H, Park J, Lee J H, Kim Y K 2023 Nucl. Eng. Technol. 55 3692 Google Scholar
[41]	Cai H J, He Y, Liu S, Jia H, Qin Y, Wang Z, Wang F, Zhao L, Pu N, Niu J, Chen L, Sun Z, Zhao H, Zhan W 2024 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 27 23403 Google Scholar
[42]	Lü M, Wang J, Siang Khaw K 2023 arXiv: 2307.01455 [physics. acc-ph]
[43]	唐靖宇, 周路平, 洪杨 2020 物理 49 645 Google Scholar Tang J Y, Zhou L P, Hong Y 2020 Physics 49 645 Google Scholar
[44]	Tang J Y, Fu S N, Jing H T, Tang H Q, Wei J, Xia H H 2010 Chinese Physics C 34 121 Google Scholar
[45]	Chen H, Wang X L 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 689 Google Scholar
[46]	Fu S N, Chen H S, Chen Y B, Ma L, Wang F W 2018 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1021 12002 Google Scholar
[47]	Gao Z R, Yu H, Chen F J, et al. 2024 Nature 628 99 Google Scholar
[48]	Ren Q, Qi J, Yu D, Zhang Z, Song R, Song W, Yuan B, Wang T, Ren W, Zhang Z, Tong X, Li B 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 2293 Google Scholar
[49]	Pan F, Ni K, Xu T, Chen H, Wang Y, Gong K, Liu C, Li X, Lin M L, Li S, Wang X, Yan W, Yin W, Tan P H, Sun L, Yu D, Ruoff R S, Zhu Y 2023 Nature 614 95 Google Scholar
[50]	Liu L, Vassilopoulos N, Bao Y, Zhang G, Chen C, Tan Z, He N 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 012020 Google Scholar
[51]	Liu L, Yu Q, Wang Z, Ell J, Huang M X, Ritchie R O 2020 Science 368 1347 Google Scholar
[52]	L Michel 1950 Proc. Phys. Soc. A 63 514 Google Scholar
[53]	Amato A, Morenzoni E 2024 Introduction to Muon Spin Spectroscopy (Vol. 1) (Cham: Springer Cham) pp66–131 Amato A, Morenzoni E 2024 Introduction to Muon Spin Spectroscopy (Vol. 1) (Cham: Springer Cham) pp66–131
[54]	Staub U, Roessli B, Amato A 2000 Physica B Condens. Matter 289–290 299
[55]	Luetkens H, Klauss H H, Kraken M, et al. 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 305 Google Scholar
[56]	de Visser A, Huy N T, Gasparini A, de Nijs D E, Andreica D, Baines C, Amato A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 167003 Google Scholar
[57]	Hillier A D, Quintanilla J, Cywinski R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 117007 Google Scholar
[58]	Sonier J E, Brewer J H, Kiefl R F 2000 Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 769 Google Scholar
[59]	Yokoyama K, Lord J S, Mengyan P W, Goeks M R, Lichti R L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 112101 Google Scholar
[60]	Li Q, Pan Z, Bao Y, Yang T, Cheng H, Li Y, Hu H, Liang H, Ye B 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 012022 Google Scholar
[61]	Fermi E, Teller E 1947 Phys. Rev. 72 399 Google Scholar
[62]	Mukhopadhyay N C 1977 Phys. Rep. 30 1 Google Scholar
[63]	Borie E, Rinker G A 1982 Rev. Mod. Phys. 54 67 Google Scholar
[64]	Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Amano K, et al. 2023 Science 379 eabn8671 Google Scholar
[65]	Shimada-Takaura K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Ueda N, Tampo M, Takeshita S, Umegaki I, Miyake Y, Takahashi K 2021 J. Nat. Med. 75 532 Google Scholar
[66]	Brown K L, Stockdale C P J, Luo H, Zhao X, Li J F, Viehland D, Xu G, Gehring P M, Ishida K, Hillier A D, Stock C 2018 J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 30 125703 Google Scholar
[67]	Ninomiya K, Kajino M, Nambu A, Inagaki M, Kudo T, Sato A, Terada K, Shinohara A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Sakai Y, Takayama T 2022 Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 95 1769 Google Scholar
[68]	Aramini M, Milanese C, Hillier A D, Girella A, Horstmann C, Klassen T, Ishida K, Dornheim M, Pistidda C 2020 Nanomaterials 10 1260 Google Scholar
[69]	Rossini R, Di Martino D, Agoro T, et al. 2023 J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 38 293 Google Scholar
[70]	Ninomiya K, Nagatomo T, Kubo K M, Strasser P, Kawamura N, Shimomura K, Miyake Y, Saito T, Higemoto W 2010 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12040 Google Scholar
[71]	Hillier A D, Paul D McK, Ishida K 2016 Microchem. J. 125 203 Google Scholar
[72]	Mizuno R, Niikura M, Saito T Y, et al. 2024 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1060 169029 Google Scholar
[73]	Terada K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Inagaki M, Nambu A, Kudo T, Osawa T, Kubo M K 2024 J. Anal. Sci. Technol. 15 28 Google Scholar
[74]	Osawa T, Nagasawa S, Ninomiya K, et al. 2023 ACS Earth Space Chem. 7 699 Google Scholar
[75]	Gerchow L, Biswas S, Janka G, Vigo C, Knecht A, Vogiatzi S M, Ritjoho N, Prokscha T, Luetkens H, Amato A 2023 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94 045106 Google Scholar
[76]	Sugiyama J, Umegaki I, Nozaki H, Higemoto W, Hamada K, Takeshita S, Koda A, Shimomura K, Ninomiya K, Kubo M K 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 87202 Google Scholar
[77]	Kato T, Tampo M, Takeshita S, Tanaka H, Matsuyama H, Hashimoto M, Miyake Y 2021 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 68 1436 Google Scholar
[78]	Ninomiya K, Kubo M K, Inagaki M, et al. 2024 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 333 3445 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 CSNS-II科学装置总体概览

Figure 1. General overview of the CSNS-II scientific facility.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 CSNS-II缪子实验终端的束线布局

Figure 2. Layout diagram of the beam lines of the CSNS-II muon experiment terminal.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 μSR技术基本原理^[53]

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the basic principles of the μSR technology^[53].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 正电子计数随$ {{\text{μ}}}^{+} $衰变时间变化的原始谱; (b)消除指数衰减项并归一化到$ A $的极化函数谱^[53]

Figure 4. (a) Original spectrum of positron counts measured by the detector as a function of $ {{\text{μ}}}^{+} $ decay time; (b) the polarization function removed the exponential decay term and normalized to asymmetry $ A $^[53].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 缪子自旋极化方向平行于反铁磁样品Li₂CuO₂测得的μSR谱; (b) 对μSR谱快速傅里叶变换, 3个振荡频率清晰可见^[54]

Figure 5. (a) μSR signal (here called “Asymmetry”) measured in the antiferromagnetic state of Li₂CuO₂ with the initial muon polarization is along the a-axis; (b) in the fast Fourier transform of the μSR signal, three spontaneous frequencies are seen^[54].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 铁基高温超导体多晶样品LaFeAsO的μSR谱, 在145 K和100 K低温下分别表现出顺磁态和反铁磁态^[55]

Figure 6. μSR signals recorded in a polycrystalline sample of LaFeAsO in the paramagnetic state (145 K) and in the antiferromagnetic state (100 K)^[55].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 顺磁态磁场分布服从(a)高斯“Kubo-Toyabe”公式和(b)洛伦兹“Kubo-Toyabe”公式的缪子去极化函数^[53]

Figure 7. Time evolution of the muon polarization $ P\left(t\right) $ in a system where the magnetic moments are randomly oriented. The field distribution produces the so-called (a) Gaussian and (b) Lorentzian “Kubo-Toyabe” function^[53].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) ZF-μSR揭示了巨磁阻La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃中缪子自旋涨落存在快慢两个成分, 即存在两个空间分离区域具有非常不同的Mn离子自旋动力学; (b) μSR实验观察到超导体UCoGe (T_SC = 0.8 K) 在T = 3 K以下出现长程磁有序, 与超导电性共存^[56]; (c) 非中心对称金属间超导体LaNiC的μSR实验发现了超导性与自发磁性出现的温度一致, 意味着超导状态下时间反演对称性被打破^[57]

Figure 8. (a) Two components of fast and slow muon spin fluctuation in La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ were revealed by ZF-μSR, i.e., there are two separated regions with very different Mn spin kinetics; (b) in μSR experiments, it was observed that the superconductor UCoGe (T_SC = 0.8 K) exhibited a long-range magnetic order below T = 3 K, which coexisted with superconductivity; (c) the μSR experiments of the non-centrally symmetric intermetallic superconductor LaNiC found that the occurrence of superconductivity coincided well with the appearance of spontaneous magnetism, which means that the time reversal symmetry was broken in its superconducting state^[57].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 不同实验技术可测量的磁性涨落频率范围, $ {\tau }_{{\mathrm{c}}}= $$ 1/{\nu }_{{\mathrm{c}}} $是与磁涨落频率相关的特征涨落时间

Figure 9. Dynamical ranges accessible to different techniques, the $ {\tau }_{{\mathrm{c}}}=1/{\nu }_{{\mathrm{c}}} $ is the characteristic fluctuation time associated with the magnetic fluctuations.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 MELODY表面缪子束μSR谱仪结构^[60]

Figure 10. Structure of the μSR spectrometer on the surface muon line of the MELODY^[60].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 元素周期表中各元素μ-X射线的K_α射线能量

Figure 11. K_α energies of the μ-X-rays for each element in the periodic table.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 J-PARC利用MIXE技术无损检测“龙宫”小行星样品(红色线)和Orgueil 陨石样品(蓝色线)的$ {\text{μ}} $-X射线谱^[64]

Figure 12. The μ-X-ray spectra of the “Long Gong” asteroid sample (red line) and the Orgueil meteorite sample (blue line) were measured on the J-PARC $ {{\text{μ}}}^{-} $ beam line by using the MIXE technology^[64].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 (a) MIXE和XRF技术研究文物药瓶元素成分优势互补, MIXE谱清晰检测到了汞和氯成分的存在, 而XRF谱检测到了铅、硅成分^[65]; (b) J-PARC利用MIXE技术测量锂金属在锂离子电池阳极沉积的实验示意图, 他们调节缪子能量对样品进行深度分析, 观察到了锂金属层的存在^[31]

Figure 13. (a) MIXE and XRF techniques were used to study the elemental composition of an antiquities vial, and the presence of Hg and Cl elements was detected by the MIXE, while Pb and Si elements were detected by the XRF^[65]; (b) J-PARC measured the deposition of Li metal at the anode of Li-ion batteries using the MIXE technique, and they adjusted the muon energy to perform a depth analysis of the sample and observed the presence of a Li metal layer^[31].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 14 (a) J-PARC, (b) ISIS, (c) PSI和(d) MuSIC负缪子束线上的基于高纯锗探测器阵列的MIXE谱仪^[30,73-75]

Figure 14. MIXE spectrometer based on high-purity germanium detector array on the $ {{\text{μ}}}^{-} $ beam line of (a) J-PARC, (b) ISIS, (c) PSI and (d) MuSIC^[30,73-75].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 经人工智能优化算法模拟得到的不同束斑下SMT1和SMT2实验终端的缪子束流强度

Table 1. Muon beam intensity of SMT1 and SMT2 under different beam spots simulated by using artificial intelligence optimization algorithm.

束斑尺寸/mm 10 20 30 50 100

SMT1终端流强/(μ·s^–1) 1.1×10⁵ 7.3×10⁵ 2×10⁶ 8.2×10⁶ 1.6×10⁷

SMT2终端流强/(μ·s^–1) 5.9×10⁴ 1.7×10⁵ 8.4×10⁵ 6.5×10⁶ 1.8×10⁷

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Neddermeyer S H, Anderson C D 1937 Phys. Rev. 51 884 Google Scholar
[2]	Conversi M, Pancini E, Piccioni O 1947 Phys. Rev. 71 209 Google Scholar
[3]	Meyer S L, Anderson E W, Bleser E, Lederman I M, Rosen J L, Rothberg J, Wang I T 1963 Phys. Rev. 132 2693 Google Scholar
[4]	唐健, 李亮, 袁野 2021 物理 50 239 Google Scholar Tang J, Li L, Yuan Y 2021 Physics 50 239 Google Scholar
[5]	Baldini A M, Bao Y, Baracchini E, et al. 2016 Eur. Phys. J. C 76 434 Google Scholar
[6]	Bellgardt U, Otter G, Eichler R, et al. 1988 Nucl. Phys. B 299 1 Google Scholar
[7]	Bertl W, Engfer R, Hermes E A, Kurz G, Kozlowski T, Kuth J, Otter G, Rosenbaum F, Ryskulov N M, van der Schaaf A, Wintz P, Zychor I (The SINDRUM II Collaboration) 2006 Eur. Phys. J. C 47 337 Google Scholar
[8]	Hincks E P, Pontecorvo B 1948 Phys. Rev. 73 257 Google Scholar
[9]	Aoyama T, Asmussen N, Benayoun M, et al. 2020 Phys. Rep. 887 1 Google Scholar
[10]	Abe M, Bae S, Beer G, et al. 2019 Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2019 053C02 Google Scholar
[11]	Bennett G W, Bousquet B, Brown H N, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. D 80 52008 Google Scholar
[12]	Bennett G W, Bousquet B, Brown H N, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. D 73 72003 Google Scholar
[13]	Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 141801 Google Scholar
[14]	Hillier A D, Blundell S J, McKenzie I, Umegaki I, Shu L, Wright J A, Prokscha T, Bert F, Shimomura K, Berlie A, Alberto H, Watanabe I 2022 Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 2 4 Google Scholar
[15]	Tan C, Ding Z F, Zhang J, Zhu Z H, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Hillier A D, Koda A, Luetkens H, Morris G D, MacLaughlin D E, Shu L 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 195108 Google Scholar
[16]	Shu L, MacLaughlin D E, Varma C M, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Fukuda R H, Shen X P, Maple M B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 166401 Google Scholar
[17]	Gheidi S, Akintola K, Akella K S, Côté A M, Dunsiger S R, Broholm C, Fuhrman W T, Saha S R, Paglione J, Sonier J E 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 197203 Google Scholar
[18]	Tan C, Ying T P, Ding Z F, Zhang J, MacLaughlin D E, Bernal O O, Ho P C, Huang K, Watanabe I, Li S Y, Shu L 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 174524 Google Scholar
[19]	Heffner R H, Sonier J E, MacLaughlin D E, Nieuwenhuys G J, Ehlers G, Mezei F, Cheong S W, Gardner J S, Röder H 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3285 Google Scholar
[20]	Li Y, Adroja D, Biswas P K, Baker P J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Tsirlin A A, Gegenwart P, Zhang Q 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 97201 Google Scholar
[21]	Khasanov R, Evtushinsky D V, Amato A, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 187005 Google Scholar
[22]	Hillier A D, Quintanilla J, Mazidian B, Annett J F, Cywinski R 2012 Phys Rev Lett 109 97001 Google Scholar
[23]	殳蕾, 倪晓杰, 潘子文 2021 物理 50 257 Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257
[24]	Chang W Y 1949 Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 166 Google Scholar
[25]	Terada K, Ninomiya K, Osawa T, Tachibana S, Miyake Y, Kubo M K, Kawamura N, Higemoto W, Tsuchiyama A, Ebihara M, Uesugi M 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5072 Google Scholar
[26]	Terada K, Sato A, Ninomiya K, Kawashima Y, Shimomura K, Yoshida G, Kawai Y, Osawa T, Tachibana S 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 15478 Google Scholar
[27]	Clemenza M, Bonesini M, Carpinelli M, et al. 2019 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 322 1357 Google Scholar
[28]	Hampshire B V, Butcher K, Ishida K, Green G, Paul D M, Hillier A D 2019 Heritage 2 400 Google Scholar
[29]	Green G A, Ishida K, Hampshire B V, Butcher K, Pollard A M, Hillier A D 2021 J. Archaeol. Sci. 134 105470 Google Scholar
[30]	Cataldo M, Clemenza M, Ishida K, Hillier A D 2022 Appl. Sci. 12 4237 Google Scholar
[31]	Umegaki I, Higuchi Y, Kondo Y, Ninomiya K, Takeshita S, Tampo M, Nakano H, Oka H, Sugiyama J, Kubo M K, Miyake Y 2020 Anal. Chem. 92 8194 Google Scholar
[32]	Breunlich W H, Kammel P, Cohen J S, Leon M 1989 Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 39 311 Google Scholar
[33]	Morishima K, Kuno M, Nishio A, et al. 2017 Nature 552 386 Google Scholar
[34]	Shimomura K, Koda A, Pant A D, et al. 2024 Interactions 245 31 Google Scholar
[35]	Daum M 1982 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 192 137 Google Scholar
[36]	Thomason J W G 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 917 61 Google Scholar
[37]	Cook S, D’Arcy R, Edmonds A, et al. 2017 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20 30101 Google Scholar
[38]	Beveridge J L, Doornbos J, Garner D M 1986 Hyperfine Interact. 32 907 Google Scholar
[39]	Bao Y, Chen J, Chen C, et al. 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 12034 Google Scholar
[40]	Kim J C, Jeong J Y, Pak K, Kim Y H, Park J, Lee J H, Kim Y K 2023 Nucl. Eng. Technol. 55 3692 Google Scholar
[41]	Cai H J, He Y, Liu S, Jia H, Qin Y, Wang Z, Wang F, Zhao L, Pu N, Niu J, Chen L, Sun Z, Zhao H, Zhan W 2024 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 27 23403 Google Scholar
[42]	Lü M, Wang J, Siang Khaw K 2023 arXiv: 2307.01455 [physics. acc-ph]
[43]	唐靖宇, 周路平, 洪杨 2020 物理 49 645 Google Scholar Tang J Y, Zhou L P, Hong Y 2020 Physics 49 645 Google Scholar
[44]	Tang J Y, Fu S N, Jing H T, Tang H Q, Wei J, Xia H H 2010 Chinese Physics C 34 121 Google Scholar
[45]	Chen H, Wang X L 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 689 Google Scholar
[46]	Fu S N, Chen H S, Chen Y B, Ma L, Wang F W 2018 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1021 12002 Google Scholar
[47]	Gao Z R, Yu H, Chen F J, et al. 2024 Nature 628 99 Google Scholar
[48]	Ren Q, Qi J, Yu D, Zhang Z, Song R, Song W, Yuan B, Wang T, Ren W, Zhang Z, Tong X, Li B 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 2293 Google Scholar
[49]	Pan F, Ni K, Xu T, Chen H, Wang Y, Gong K, Liu C, Li X, Lin M L, Li S, Wang X, Yan W, Yin W, Tan P H, Sun L, Yu D, Ruoff R S, Zhu Y 2023 Nature 614 95 Google Scholar
[50]	Liu L, Vassilopoulos N, Bao Y, Zhang G, Chen C, Tan Z, He N 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 012020 Google Scholar
[51]	Liu L, Yu Q, Wang Z, Ell J, Huang M X, Ritchie R O 2020 Science 368 1347 Google Scholar
[52]	L Michel 1950 Proc. Phys. Soc. A 63 514 Google Scholar
[53]	Amato A, Morenzoni E 2024 Introduction to Muon Spin Spectroscopy (Vol. 1) (Cham: Springer Cham) pp66–131 Amato A, Morenzoni E 2024 Introduction to Muon Spin Spectroscopy (Vol. 1) (Cham: Springer Cham) pp66–131
[54]	Staub U, Roessli B, Amato A 2000 Physica B Condens. Matter 289–290 299
[55]	Luetkens H, Klauss H H, Kraken M, et al. 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 305 Google Scholar
[56]	de Visser A, Huy N T, Gasparini A, de Nijs D E, Andreica D, Baines C, Amato A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 167003 Google Scholar
[57]	Hillier A D, Quintanilla J, Cywinski R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 117007 Google Scholar
[58]	Sonier J E, Brewer J H, Kiefl R F 2000 Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 769 Google Scholar
[59]	Yokoyama K, Lord J S, Mengyan P W, Goeks M R, Lichti R L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 112101 Google Scholar
[60]	Li Q, Pan Z, Bao Y, Yang T, Cheng H, Li Y, Hu H, Liang H, Ye B 2023 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2462 012022 Google Scholar
[61]	Fermi E, Teller E 1947 Phys. Rev. 72 399 Google Scholar
[62]	Mukhopadhyay N C 1977 Phys. Rep. 30 1 Google Scholar
[63]	Borie E, Rinker G A 1982 Rev. Mod. Phys. 54 67 Google Scholar
[64]	Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Amano K, et al. 2023 Science 379 eabn8671 Google Scholar
[65]	Shimada-Takaura K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Ueda N, Tampo M, Takeshita S, Umegaki I, Miyake Y, Takahashi K 2021 J. Nat. Med. 75 532 Google Scholar
[66]	Brown K L, Stockdale C P J, Luo H, Zhao X, Li J F, Viehland D, Xu G, Gehring P M, Ishida K, Hillier A D, Stock C 2018 J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 30 125703 Google Scholar
[67]	Ninomiya K, Kajino M, Nambu A, Inagaki M, Kudo T, Sato A, Terada K, Shinohara A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Sakai Y, Takayama T 2022 Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 95 1769 Google Scholar
[68]	Aramini M, Milanese C, Hillier A D, Girella A, Horstmann C, Klassen T, Ishida K, Dornheim M, Pistidda C 2020 Nanomaterials 10 1260 Google Scholar
[69]	Rossini R, Di Martino D, Agoro T, et al. 2023 J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 38 293 Google Scholar
[70]	Ninomiya K, Nagatomo T, Kubo K M, Strasser P, Kawamura N, Shimomura K, Miyake Y, Saito T, Higemoto W 2010 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12040 Google Scholar
[71]	Hillier A D, Paul D McK, Ishida K 2016 Microchem. J. 125 203 Google Scholar
[72]	Mizuno R, Niikura M, Saito T Y, et al. 2024 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1060 169029 Google Scholar
[73]	Terada K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Inagaki M, Nambu A, Kudo T, Osawa T, Kubo M K 2024 J. Anal. Sci. Technol. 15 28 Google Scholar
[74]	Osawa T, Nagasawa S, Ninomiya K, et al. 2023 ACS Earth Space Chem. 7 699 Google Scholar
[75]	Gerchow L, Biswas S, Janka G, Vigo C, Knecht A, Vogiatzi S M, Ritjoho N, Prokscha T, Luetkens H, Amato A 2023 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 94 045106 Google Scholar
[76]	Sugiyama J, Umegaki I, Nozaki H, Higemoto W, Hamada K, Takeshita S, Koda A, Shimomura K, Ninomiya K, Kubo M K 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 87202 Google Scholar
[77]	Kato T, Tampo M, Takeshita S, Tanaka H, Matsuyama H, Hashimoto M, Miyake Y 2021 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 68 1436 Google Scholar
[78]	Ninomiya K, Kubo M K, Inagaki M, et al. 2024 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 333 3445 Google Scholar

[1]	Cao Song, Yin Wen, Zhou Bin, Hu Zhi-Liang, Shen Fei, Yi Tian-Cheng, Wang Song-Lin, Liang Tian-Jiao. Calculation of radiation damage of key components of China Spallation Neutron Source II target station. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(9): 092501. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240088
[2]	Wang Ying, Shu Lei. μSR experimental progress and trends of developing muon facilities. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(19): 197601. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240940
[3]	Li Yu-Peng, Tang Xiu-Zhang, Chen Xin-Nan, Gao Chun-Yu, Chen Yan-Nan, Fan Cheng-Jun, Lü Jian-You. Experimental study on material discrimination based on muon discrete energy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(2): 029501. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221645
[4]	Su Ning, Liu Yuan-Yuan, Wang Li, Cheng Jian-Ping. Muon radiography simulation for underground palace of Qinshihuang Mausoleum. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(6): 064201. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211582
[5]	Huo Yong-Gang, Yan Jiang-Yu, Zhang Quan-Hu. Image quality evaluation of multimodal imaging of muon. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(2): 021401. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211083
[6]	Wang De-Xin, Zhang Su-Ya-La-Tu, Jiang Wei, Ren Jie, Wang Jin-Cheng, Tang Jing-Yu, Ruan Xi-Chao, Wang Hong-Wei, Chen Zhi-Qiang, Huang Mei-Rong, Tang Xin, Hu Xin-Rong, Li Xin-Xiang, Liu Long-Xiang, Liu Bing-Yan, Sun Hui, Zhang Yue, Hao Zi-Rui, Song Na, Li Xue, Niu Dan-Dan, Li Guo, Meng Gu-Fu. Neutron capture cross section measurements for ^natLu with different thickness. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(7): 072901. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212051
[7]	Zhang Jiang-Lin, Jiang Bing, Chen Yong-Hao, Guo Zi-An, Wang Xiao-He, Jiang Wei, Yi Han, Han Jian-Long, Hu Ji-Feng, Tang Jing-Yu, Chen Jin-Gen, Cai Xiang-Zhou. Measurement of total neutron cross section of natural lithium at China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n facility. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(5): 052901. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211646
[8]	Yan Jiang-Yu, Zhang Quan-Hu, Huo Yong-Gang. Multimodal imaging of muon based on scattering and secondary induced neutrons. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(19): 191401. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210804
[9]	. Image Quality Evaluation of Multi-modal Imaging of Muon. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, (): . doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211083
[10]	Zhang Qi-Wei, Luan Guang-Yuan, Ren Jie, Ruan Xi-Chao, He Guo-Zhu, Bao Jie, Sun Qi, Huang Han-Xiong, Wang Zhao-Hui, Gu Min-Hao, Yu Tao, Xie Li-Kun, Chen Yong-Hao, An Qi, Bai Huai-Yong, Bao Yu, Cao Ping, Chen Hao-Lei, Chen Qi-Ping, Chen Yu-Kai, Chen Zhen, Cui Zeng-Qi, Fan Rui-Rui, Feng Chang-Qing, Gao Ke-Qing, Han Chang-Cai, Han Zi-Jie, He Yong-Cheng, Hong Yang, Huang Wei-Ling, Huang Xi-Ru, Ji Xiao-Lu, Ji Xu-Yang, Jiang Wei, Jiang Hao-Yu, Jiang Zhi-Jie, Jing Han-Tao, Kang Ling, Kang Ming-Tao, Li Bo, Li Chao, Li Jia-Wen, Li Lun, Li Qiang, Li Xiao, Li Yang, Liu Rong, Liu Shu-Bin, Liu Xing-Yan, Mu Qi-Li, Ning Chang-Jun, Qi Bin-Bin, Ren Zhi-Zhou, Song Ying-Peng, Song Zhao-Hui, Sun Hong, Sun Kang, Sun Xiao-Yang, Sun Zhi-Jia, Tan Zhi-Xin, Tang Hong-Qing, Tang Jing-Yu, Tang Xin-Yi, Tian Bin-Bin, Wang Li-Jiao, Wang Peng-Cheng, Wang Qi, Wang Tao-Feng, Wen Jie, Wen Zhong-Wei, Wu Qing-Biao, Wu Xiao-Guang, Wu Xuan, Yang Yi-Wei, Yi Han, Yu Li, Yu Yong-Ji, Zhang Guo-Hui, Zhang Lin-Hao, Zhang Xian-Peng, Zhang Yu-Liang, Zhang Zhi-Yong, Zhao Yu-Bin, Zhou Lu-Ping, Zhou Zu-Ying, Zhu Dan-Yang, Zhu Ke-Jun, Zhu Peng, Zhu Xing-Hua. Cross section measurement of neutron capture reaction based on back-streaming white neutron source at China spallation neutron source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(22): 222801. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210742
[11]	Ren Jie, Ruan Xi-Chao, Chen Yong-Hao, Jiang Wei, Bao Jie, Luan Guang-Yuan, Zhang Qi-Wei, Huang Han-Xiong, Wang Zhao-Hui, An Qi, Bai Huai-Yong, Bao Yu, Cao Ping, Chen Hao-Lei, Chen Qi-Ping, Chen Yu-Kai, Chen Zhen, Cui Zeng-Qi, Fan Rui-Rui, Feng Chang-Qing, Gao Ke-Qing, Gu Min-Hao, Han Chang-Cai, Han Zi-Jie, He Guo-Zhu, He Yong-Cheng, Hong Yang, Huang Wei-Ling, Huang Xi-Ru, Ji Xiao-Lu, Ji Xu-Yang, Jiang Hao-Yu, Jiang Zhi-Jie, Jing Han-Tao, Kang Ling, Kang Ming-Tao, Li Bo, Li Chao, Li Jia-Wen, Li Lun, Li Qiang, Li Xiao, Li Yang, Liu Rong, Liu Shu-Bin, Liu Xing-Yan, Mu Qi-Li, Ning Chang-Jun, Qi Bin-Bin, Ren Zhi-Zhou, Song Ying-Peng, Song Zhao-Hui, Sun Hong, Sun Kang, Sun Xiao-Yang, Sun Zhi-Jia, Tan Zhi-Xin, Tang Hong-Qing, Tang Jing-Yu, Tang Xin-Yi, Tian Bin-Bin, Wang Li-Jiao, Wang Peng-Cheng, Wang Qi, Wang Tao-Feng, Wen Jie, Wen Zhong-Wei, Wu Qing-Biao, Wu Xiao-Guang, Wu Xuan, Xie Li-Kun, Yang Yi-Wei, Yi Han, Yu Li, Yu Tao, Yu Yong-Ji, Zhang Guo-Hui, Zhang Lin-Hao, Zhang Xian-Peng, Zhang Yu-Liang, Zhang Zhi-Yong, Zhao Yu-Bin, Zhou Lu-Ping, Zhou Zu-Ying, Zhu Dan-Yang, Zhu Ke-Jun, Zhu Peng. In-beam γ-rays of back-streaming white neutron source at China Spallation Neutron Source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(17): 172901. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200718
[12]	Wang Xun, Zhang Feng-Qi, Chen Wei, Guo Xiao-Qiang, Ding Li-Li, Luo Yin-Hong. Experimental study on neutron single event effects of commercial SRAMs based on CSNS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(16): 162901. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200265
[13]	Bao Jie, Chen Yong-Hao, Zhang Xian-Peng, Luan Guang-Yuan, Ren Jie, Wang Qi, Ruan Xi-Chao, Zhang Kai, An Qi, Bai Huai-Yong, Cao Ping, Chen Qi-Ping, Cheng Pin-Jing, Cui Zeng-Qi, Fan Rui-Rui, Feng Chang-Qing, Gu Min-Hao, Guo Feng-Qin, Han Chang-Cai, Han Zi-Jie, He Guo-Zhu, He Yong-Cheng, He Yue-Feng, Huang Han-Xiong, Huang Wei-Ling, Huang Xi-Ru, Ji Xiao-Lu, Ji Xu-Yang, Jiang Hao-Yu, Jiang Wei, Jing Han-Tao, Kang Ling, Kang Ming-Tao, Lan Chang-Lin, Li Bo, Li Lun, Li Qiang, Li Xiao, Li Yang, Li Yang, Liu Rong, Liu Shu-Bin, Liu Xing-Yan, Ma Ying-Lin, Ning Chang-Jun, Nie Yang-Bo, Qi Bin-Bin, Song Zhao-Hui, Sun Hong, Sun Xiao-Yang, Sun Zhi-Jia, Tan Zhi-Xin, Tang Hong-Qing, Tang Jing-Yu, Wang Peng-Cheng, Wang Tao-Feng, Wang Yan-Feng, Wang Zhao-Hui, Wang Zheng, Wen Jie, Wen Zhong-Wei, Wu Qing-Biao, Wu Xiao-Guang, Wu Xuan, Xie Li-Kun, Yang Yi-Wei, Yang Yi, Yi Han, Yu Li, Yu Tao, Yu Yong-Ji, Zhang Guo-Hui, Zhang Jing, Zhang Lin-Hao, Zhang Li-Ying, Zhang Qing-Min, Zhang Qi-Wei, Zhang Yu-Liang, Zhang Zhi-Yong, Zhao Ying-Tan, Zhou Liang, Zhou Zu-Ying, Zhu Dan-Yang, Zhu Ke-Jun, Zhu Peng. Erratum: Experimental result of back-streaming white neutron beam characterization at Chinese spallation neutron source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(10): 109901. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.109901
[14]	Zhan Xia, Joe Kelleher, Gao Jian-Bo, Ma Yan-Ling, Chu Ming-Qiang, Zhang Shu-Yan, Zhang Peng, Sanjooram Paddea, Gong Zhi-Feng, Hou Xiao-Dong. High temperature sample environment upgrade of ISIS engineering materials in-situ diffraction experiment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(13): 132901. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182295
[15]	Hu Zhi-Liang, Yang Wei-Tao, Li Yong-Hong, Li Yang, He Chao-Hui, Wang Song-Lin, Zhou Bin, Yu Quan-Zhi, He Huan, Xie Fei, Bai Yu-Rong, Liang Tian-Jiao. Atmospheric neutron single event effect in 65 nm microcontroller units by using CSNS-BL09. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(23): 238502. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191196
[16]	Wang Xun, Zhang Feng-Qi, Chen Wei, Guo Xiao-Qiang, Ding Li-Li, Luo Yin-Hong. Application and evaluation of Chinese spallation neutron source in single-event effects testing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(5): 052901. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181843
[17]	Bao Jie, Chen Yong-Hao, Zhang Xian-Peng, Luan Guang-Yuan, Ren Jie, Wang Qi, Ruan Xi-Chao, Zhang Kai, An Qi, Bai Huai-Yong, Cao Ping, Chen Qi-Ping, Cheng Pin-Jing, Cui Zeng-Qi, Fan Rui-Rui, Feng Chang-Qing, Gu Min-Hao, Guo Feng-Qin, Han Chang-Cai, Han Zi-Jie, He Guo-Zhu, He Yong-Cheng, He Yue-Feng, Huang Han-Xiong, Huang Wei-Ling, Huang Xi-Ru, Ji Xiao-Lu, Ji Xu-Yang, Jiang Hao-Yu, Jiang Wei, Jing Han-Tao, Kang Ling, Kang Ming-Tao, Lan Chang-Lin, Li Bo, Li Lun, Li Qiang, Li Xiao, Li Yang, Li Yang, Liu Rong, Liu Shu-Bin, Liu Xing-Yan, Ma Ying-Lin, Ning Chang-Jun, Nie Yang-Bo, Qi Bin-Bin, Song Zhao-Hui, Sun Hong, Sun Xiao-Yang, Sun Zhi-Jia, Tan Zhi-Xin, Tang Hong-Qing, Tang Jing-Yu, Wang Peng-Cheng, Wang Tao-Feng, Wang Yan-Feng, Wang Zhao-Hui, Wang Zheng, Wen Jie, Wen Zhong-Wei, Wu Qing-Biao, Wu Xiao-Guang, Wu Xuan, Xie Li-Kun, Yang Yi-Wei, Yang Yi, Yi Han, Yu Li, Yu Tao, Yu Yong-Ji, Zhang Guo-Hui, Zhang Jing, Zhang Lin-Hao, Zhang Li-Ying, Zhang Qing-Min, Zhang Qi-Wei, Zhang Yu-Liang, Zhang Zhi-Yong, Zhao Ying-Tan, Zhou Liang, Zhou Zu-Ying, Zhu Dan-Yang, Zhu Ke-Jun, Zhu Peng. Experimental result of back-streaming white neutron beam characterization at Chinese spallation neutron source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(8): 080101. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182191
[18]	Wen Zhi-Wen, Qi Hui-Rong, Zhang Yu-Lian, Wang Hai-Yun, Liu Ling, Wang Yan-Feng, Zhang Jian, Li Yu-Hong, Sun Zhi-Jia. Development of high-pressure multi-wire proportional chamber neutron detector for the China Spallation Neutron Source multipurpose reflectometer. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(7): 072901. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172618
[19]	Shen Fei, Liang Tai-Ran, Yin Wen, Yu Quan-Zhi, Zuo Tai-Sen, Yao Ze-En, Zhu Tao, Liang Tian-Jiao. Shielding design of the multi-purpose reflectometer of China spallation neutron source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(15): 152801. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.152801
[20]	Yu Quan-Zhi, Yin Wen, Liang Tian-Jiao. Calculation and analysis of DPA in the main components of CSNS target station. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(5): 052501. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.052501

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 19 - 2024-10-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 977
PDF Downloads: 38
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板