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中子俘获反应截面数据在核天体物理研究、先进核能开发中具有非常重要的应用, 由于缺乏合适的白光中子源和探测装置, 国内在keV能区(1 eV—100 keV)中子俘获反应截面的实验数据几乎是空白. 中国原子能科学研究院核数据重点实验室建造了国内第一台γ全吸收型探测装置, 由40块BaF2探测器单元组成厚度为15 cm, 内半径为10 cm的BaF2晶体球壳, 共覆盖了95.2%的立体角. 利用升级后的装置在中国散裂中子源的反角白光中子源上建立了中子俘获反应截面在线测量技术. 在不规则的ϕ30 mm中子束斑的实验条件下, 完成首次197Au中子俘获反应截面的在线测量, 利用加和能谱和多重数分布扣除本底, 反演飞行时间谱得到keV能区197Au中子俘获反应截面的实验数据. 通过与ENDF评价数据库相关数据的比较, 共振峰位置能够很好地吻合, 从而验证了测量装置和测量技术的可靠性, 为下一步高精度截面数据的获取奠定基础.The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF2 detector units. The BaF2 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 197Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future.
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Keywords:
- gamma-ray total absorption facility /
- cross section of neutron capture /
- China spallation neutron source /
- white neutron source
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图 3 实验测得的实验厅2的中子束流能谱
Fig. 3. Experimental result of neutron energy spectrum at End-station 2.
图 4 中子束斑剖面及其在水平和垂直方向的分布
Fig. 4. Neutron beam profile and distribution in horizontal and vertical directions.
图 5 (a) BaF2探测器单元; (b) GTAF-II谱仪
Fig. 5. (a) BaF2 detector unit; (b) GTAF-II spectrometer.
图 9 (a)飞行时间谱的比较; (b)加和能谱的比较
Fig. 9. (a) Comparison of time-of-flight spectrum; (b) comparison of sum energy spectrum.
图 11 197Au中子俘获反应截面的实验结果
Fig. 11. Experimental results of neutron capture cross section of 197Au.
表 1 不同准直器孔径下实验厅2中子束斑尺寸的模拟结果
Table 1. Simulation result of neutron beam spot size at End-station 2 with different collimator aperture.
中子束斑
尺寸中子开关
孔径准直器1#
孔径准直器2#
孔径ϕ30 mm ϕ12 mm ϕ15 mm ϕ40 mm ϕ60 mm ϕ50 mm ϕ50 mm ϕ58 mm 90 mm × 90 mm 78 mm × 62 mm 76 mm × 76 mm 90 mm × 90 mm 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 实验样品参数
Table 2. The characteristics of experimental samples.
样品 密度/(g·cm–3) 直径/mm 厚度/mm 纯度/% 197Au 19.32 25 0.2 99.99 natC 2.25 25 1 99.99
下载: 导出CSV
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[1] Arnould M, Katsuma M 2008 International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology Nice, France, April 22–27, 2007 7
[2] Palmiotti G, Salvatores M, Assawaroongruengchot M 2009 International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles Kyoto, Japan, Dec. 07–11, 2009
[3] Kompe D 1969 Nucl. Phys. 133 513
Google Scholar
[4] Wisshak K, Kappeler F, Reffo G 1984 Nucl. Sci. Eng. 88 594
Google Scholar
[5] Terada K, Katabuchi T, Mizumoto M, et al. 2015 Progress in Nuclear Energy 82 118
Google Scholar
[6] Kobayashi K, Lee S, Yamamoto S 2004 Nucl. Sci. Eng. 146 209
Google Scholar
[7] Lee J, Hori J I, Nakajima K, Sano T, Lee S 2017 J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 54 1046
Google Scholar
[8] Kim H I, Paradela C, Sirakov I, et al. 2016 Eur. Phys. J. A 52 170
Google Scholar
[9] Mingrone F, Massimi C, Altstadt S, et al. 2014 International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology NewYork, USA, Mar. 4–8, 2013 18
[10] Guber K H, Derrien H, Leal L C, Arbanas G, Wiarda D, Koehler P E, Harvey A 2010 Phys. Rev. C 82 057601
Google Scholar
[11] Ren J, Ruan X, Bao J, et al. 2019 Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 3 52
Google Scholar
[12] Wisshak K, Voss F, Kaeppeler F, Krticka M, Gallino R 2006 Phys. Rev. C 73 015802
Google Scholar
[13] Mendoza E, Cano-Ott D, Altstadt S, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 054616
Google Scholar
[14] Mosby S, Bredeweg T A, Couture A, Jandel M, Kawano T, Ullmann J L, Henderson R A, Wu C Y 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 041601
[15] Zhong Q P, Zhou Z Y, Tang H Q, et al. 2008 Chin. Phys. C 32 102
[16] 石斌, 彭猛, 张奇玮, 贺国珠, 周祖英, 唐洪庆 2018 原子能科学技术 52 1537
Google Scholar
Shi B, Peng M, Zhang Q W, He G Z, Zhou Z Y, Tang H Q 2018 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 52 1537
Google Scholar
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Zhang Q W, He G Z, Luan G Y, Cheng P J, Ruan X C, Zhu X H 2021 Power Laser and Particle Beams 33 0440
[18] 唐靖宇, 安琪, 白怀勇, 等 2019 原子能科学技术 53 2012
Tang J Y, An Q, Bai H Y, et al. 2019 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 53 2012 (in Chinese)
[19] An Q, Bai H Y, Bao J, et al. 2017 Journal of Instrumentation 12 7022
[20] Tang J Y, Fu S N, Jing H T, Tang H Q, Wei J, Xia H H 2010 Chin. Phys. C 34 121
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[21] Jing H T, Tang J Y, Tang H Q, Xia H H, Liang T J, Zhou Z Y, Zhong Q P, Ruan X C 2010 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 621 91
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[25] 鲍杰, 陈永浩, 张显鹏, 等 2019 物理学报 68 080101
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Google Scholar
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Han C C, Ouyang X P, Zhang X P, Song Z H, Bao J, Yan W P 2020 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 54 385
Google Scholar
[27] 马霄云, 仲启平, 周祖英, 等 2009 原子能科学技术 43 180
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Zhang Q W, He G Z, Huang X, Ruan X C, Li Z H, Zhu X H 2014 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 48 70
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
Zhang Q W, Luan G Y, He G Z, Cheng P J, Ruan X C, Zhu X H 2020 Nuclear Physics Review 37 771
Google Scholar
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