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行人初始位置布局不平衡的多安全出口疏散过程, 是行人疏散流仿真研究的热点. 利用行人流动态参数仿真模型, 在实际距离和假想距离极大极小路径选择机理的基础上, 改进假想距离的计算方法及其拥堵计算区域, 实现疏散过程的动态平衡; 提出行人位置布局的不平衡系数, 以描述疏散空间内行人初始位置布局的不平衡性. 从行人初始位置随机和固定布局的角度, 仿真研究正常疏散环境下行人布局的不平衡性对疏散时间的影响, 并将仿真结果与原始模型做对比分析. 研究表明, 模型能有效地实现行人流疏散过程的动态平衡, 行人疏散时间受行人位置或安全出口布局的影响较小, 而与安全出口总宽度、 行人的初始数量以及拥堵感知系数有关.Simulation of pedestrian evacuation from a room with multi-exit and asymmetrical pedestrian layout is presented based on an improved dynamic parameter model in this paper. The computation and the count-area of imaginary distance are improved based on the Max-Min evacuation path selection of actual and imaginary distance in order to reduce evacuation imbalance caused by the asymmetry of pedestrian layout. An imbalance coefficient is introduced to describe the asymmetry of pedestrian layout. The effects of pedestrian layout asymmetry on the evacuation time are analyzed respectively from fixed and unfixed pedestrian initialization site. The simulation results of the improved and original models are compared and analyzed, and the improved model can effectively reduce evacuation imbalance. Simulation results show that under normal evacuation condition with considerring reasonable pedestrian and jam around exits, evacuation time is hardly affected by pedestrian and exit layout and depends mainly on cognition coefficient, total width of exits and pedestrian initialization amount.
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Keywords:
- cellular automata /
- pedestrian evacuation /
- dynamic parameters /
- pedestrian layout
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[45] -
[1] Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T 2000 Nature 407 487
[2] [3] YuWJ, Chen R, Dong L Y, Dai S Q 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 026112
[4] [5] Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, Zittartzet J 2001 Physica A 295 507
[6] [7] Henein C M, White T 2007 Physica A 373 694
[8] [9] Huang H J, Guo R Y 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 021131
[10] [11] Wen J, Tian H H, Xue Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3817 (in Chinese)[温坚,田欢欢,薛郁 2010 物理学报59 3817]
[12] Yamamoto K, Kokubo S, Nishinari K 2007 Physica A 379 654
[13] [14] Ma J, Song W G, Liao G X 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 128901
[15] [16] [17] Yue H, Hao H R, Chen X M, Shao C F 2007 Physica A 384 567
[18] [19] Yue H, Shao C F, Chen X M, Hao H R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6901 (in Chinese) [岳昊,邵春福,陈晓明,郝合瑞 2008 物理学报57 6901]
[20] [21] Yue H, Guan H G, Zhang J, Shao C 2010 Physica A 389 527
[22] [23] Yue H, Shao C F, Yao Z S 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4523 (in Chinese) [岳昊,邵春福,姚智胜 2009 物理学报58 4523]
[24] [25] Yue H, Shao C F, Guan H G, Duan L M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4499 (in Chinese) [岳昊,邵春福,关宏志,段龙梅 2010 物理学报59 4499]
[26] [27] Yue H, Guan H G, Shao C F, Zhang X 2011 Physica A 390 198
[28] [29] Kuang H, Li X L, Wei Y F, Song T, Dai S Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 070517
[30] [31] Zeng G X, Xue Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 014502 (in Chinese)[曾广汀,薛郁 2011 物理学报60 014502]
[32] [33] Yang L X, Zhao X M, Gao Z Y, Zheng J F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin.60 100501 (in Chinese) [杨凌霄,赵小梅,高自友,郑建风 2011物理学报 60 100501]
[34] [35] Zhou JW, Chen X L, Zhou J H, Tan H L, Kong L J, Liu M R 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2281 (in Chinese) [周金旺,陈秀丽,周建槐,谭惠丽,孔令江,刘慕仁 2009 物理学报58 2281]
[36] Zhou J W, Kuang H, Liu M R, Kong L J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3001 (in Chinese) [周金旺,邝华,刘慕仁,孔令江 2009 物理学报58 3001]
[37] [38] [39] Zhao D L, Yang L Z, Li J 2006 Physica A 363 501
[40] [41] Varas A, Cornejo M D, Mainemer D, Toledo B, Rogan J, Muoz V, Valdivia J A 2007 Physica A 382 631
[42] [43] Liu S, Yang L, Fang T, Li J 2009 Physica A 388 1921
[44] Yuan W, Tan K 2007 Physica A 384 549
[45]
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