AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管中二维电子气的极化光学声子散射

张雪冰; 刘乃漳; 姚若河

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200250

摘要

AlGaN/GaN界面处的二维电子气迁移率是描述高电子迁移率晶体管特性的一个重要参数, 极化光学声子散射是高温时限制二维电子气迁移率的主要散射机制. 本文对极化光学声子散射进行计算, 结果表明在二维电子气浓度为6 × 10¹¹—1 × 10¹³ cm^–2, 温度为200—400 K范围内, 极化光学声子散射因素决定的迁移率随温度的变化近似为$ \mu_{\rm PO} = AT^{-\alpha} ~ (\alpha = 3.5) $; 由于GaN中光学声子能量较大, 吸收声子对迁移率的影响远大于发射声子的影响. 进一步讨论了极化光学声子散射因素决定的迁移率随光学声子能量变化的趋势, 表明增加极化光学声子能量可提高二维电子气的室温迁移率.

关键词:

Abstract

With the increasing demand for high-frequency, high-power and high-temperature microwave applications, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors have received much attention due to their promising material features such as wide band gaps, high-concentration two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), strong electric field, at which the electron velocity is saturated, and high operating temperature. The 2DEG mobility at AlGaN/GaN interface is a key parameter to describe characteristics of high electron mobility transistor, and the mobility of 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor is determined by a variety of scattering mechanisms in which the polar optical phonon scattering caused by electrostatic field between uneven polar positive and negative charges is responsible for mobility limitation in a 2DEG at high temperature. Calculation of polar optical phonon scattering is carried out by the analytical model in which Fang-Howard variational wave function and Fermi’s golden rule are used. The interaction between 2DEG and phonon is described by scattering matrix element for the transition, in which phonon occupation number is given by Bose-Einstein statistics. The scattering time is derived by neglecting the in-scattering, and the numerically calculated energy-dependent scattering time is averaged according to Fermi statistics. At temperatures in a range of 200–400 K and two-dimensional electron gas concentration in a range of 6 × 10¹¹–1 × 10¹³ cm^–2, the mobility varying with temperature is analyzed. It is found that the mobility limited by polar phonon scattering decreases monotonically with the temperature rising and their dependence is well approximated by a function of $\mu_{\rm PO} = AT^{-\alpha} ~ (\alpha = 3.5)$ as the phonon occupation number increases with temperature rising. Furthermore, the polar optical phonon scattering is enhanced by greater electron concentration as a result of increased interaction between phonon and 2DEG. The mobility limit is calculated separately by emission phonon and absorption phonon, the results indicate that absorption phonon is predominant, which is attributed to high optical phonon energy in GaN. The mobility of polar optical phonon scattering is further studied by changing the optical phonon energy, which shows that the room temperature mobility of 2DEG can be improved by increasing the energy of polar optical phonon.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

华南理工大学电子与信息学院, 广州　510640

通信作者: 姚若河, phrhyao@scut.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家级-国家重点研究计划(2018YFB1802100)

Authors and contacts

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Corresponding author: Yao Ruo-He, phrhyao@scut.edu.cn

文章全文

参考文献

[1]	Yu E T, Dang X Z, Asbeck P M, Lau S S, Sullivan G J 1999 J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 17 1742 Google Scholar
[2]	Ji D, Liu B, Lu Y W, Zou M, Fan B L 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 067201 Google Scholar
[3]	Ibbetson J P, Fini P T, Ness K D, DenBaars S P, Speck J S, Mishra U K 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 250 Google Scholar
[4]	刘贵鹏 2013 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学) Liu G P 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[5]	Hsu L, Walukiewicz W 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 1520 Google Scholar
[6]	Gokden S 2003 Phys. Status Solidi A 200 369 Google Scholar
[7]	Anderson D R, Zakhleniuk N A, Babiker M, Ridley B K, Bennett C R 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 245313 Google Scholar
[8]	Ridley B K 1998 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10 6717 Google Scholar
[9]	张金凤, 郝跃, 张进城, 倪金玉 2008 中国科学E辑: 信息科学 38 949 Zhang J F, Hao Y, Zhang J C, Ni J Y 2008 Sci. China Ser. E: Inf. Sci. 38 949
[10]	杨福军, 班士良 2012 物理学报 61 087201 Google Scholar Yang F J, Ban S L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 087201 Google Scholar
[11]	Protasov D Y, Malin T V, Tikhonov A V, Tsatsulnikov A F, Zhuravlev K S 2013 Semiconductors 47 33 Google Scholar
[12]	陈志凯 2016 博士学位论文 (成都: 电子科技大学) Chen Z K 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
[13]	杨鹏, 吕燕伍, 王鑫波 2015 物理学报 64 197303 Google Scholar Yang P, Lü Y W, Wang X B 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 197303 Google Scholar
[14]	Gurusinghe M N, Davidsson S K, Andersson T G 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 045316 Google Scholar
[15]	Rode D L 1975 Semiconductors and Semimetals (New York: Academic Press) pp4–28
[16]	Yokoyama K, Hess K 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 5595 Google Scholar
[17]	Price P J 1981 Ann. Phys. 133 217 Google Scholar
[18]	Look D C, Sizelove J R, Keller S, Wu Y F, Mishra U K, DenBaars S P 1997 Solid State Commun. 102 297 Google Scholar
[19]	Chin V W L, Tansley T L, Osotchan T 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 7365 Google Scholar
[20]	Cui P, Mo J H, Fu C, Lü Y J, Liu H, Cheng A J, Luan C B, Zhou Y, Dai G, Lin Z J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 9036
[21]	Ambacher O, Smart J, Shealy J R, Weimann N G, Chu K, Murphy M, Schaff W J, Eastman L F, Dimitrov R, Wittmer L, Stutzmann M, Rieger W, Hilsenbeck J 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 3222 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang Y F, Smorchkova I P, Elsass C R, Keller S, Ibbetson J P, Denbaars S, Mishra U K, Singh J 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 7981 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhao D G, Xu S J, Xie M H, Tong S Y, Yang H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 677 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件结构图

Fig. 1. Device structure diagram of AlGaN/GaN HEMT.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 纵光学波引起的极化示意图

Fig. 2. A schematic diagram of polarization caused by a longitudinal optical wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 极化光学声子散射因素决定的迁移率随温度的变化

Fig. 3. Mobility limited by polar optical phonon scattering as a function of temperature.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同2DEG浓度n_2D下, 极化光学声子散射随温度的变化

Fig. 4. Polar optical phonon scattering dependence on temperature for different n_2D.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 极化光学声子散射随光学声子能量ћω_LO的变化

Fig. 5. Curve of polar optical phonon scattering versus optical phonon energy ћω_LO.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 相关的GaN参数值

Table 1. Parameters of GaN used for the calculations.

参数符号/单位取值

介电常数(低频) ε/F·m^–1 10.4ε₀^[18]
介电常数(高频) ε_∞/F·m^–1 5.47ε₀^[18]
电子有效质量 m^*/kg 0.22m₀^[19]
声子能量 ћω_LO/meV 91.2^[19]

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Yu E T, Dang X Z, Asbeck P M, Lau S S, Sullivan G J 1999 J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 17 1742 Google Scholar
[2]	Ji D, Liu B, Lu Y W, Zou M, Fan B L 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 067201 Google Scholar
[3]	Ibbetson J P, Fini P T, Ness K D, DenBaars S P, Speck J S, Mishra U K 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 250 Google Scholar
[4]	刘贵鹏 2013 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学) Liu G P 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[5]	Hsu L, Walukiewicz W 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 1520 Google Scholar
[6]	Gokden S 2003 Phys. Status Solidi A 200 369 Google Scholar
[7]	Anderson D R, Zakhleniuk N A, Babiker M, Ridley B K, Bennett C R 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 245313 Google Scholar
[8]	Ridley B K 1998 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10 6717 Google Scholar
[9]	张金凤, 郝跃, 张进城, 倪金玉 2008 中国科学E辑: 信息科学 38 949 Zhang J F, Hao Y, Zhang J C, Ni J Y 2008 Sci. China Ser. E: Inf. Sci. 38 949
[10]	杨福军, 班士良 2012 物理学报 61 087201 Google Scholar Yang F J, Ban S L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 087201 Google Scholar
[11]	Protasov D Y, Malin T V, Tikhonov A V, Tsatsulnikov A F, Zhuravlev K S 2013 Semiconductors 47 33 Google Scholar
[12]	陈志凯 2016 博士学位论文 (成都: 电子科技大学) Chen Z K 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
[13]	杨鹏, 吕燕伍, 王鑫波 2015 物理学报 64 197303 Google Scholar Yang P, Lü Y W, Wang X B 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 197303 Google Scholar
[14]	Gurusinghe M N, Davidsson S K, Andersson T G 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 045316 Google Scholar
[15]	Rode D L 1975 Semiconductors and Semimetals (New York: Academic Press) pp4–28
[16]	Yokoyama K, Hess K 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 5595 Google Scholar
[17]	Price P J 1981 Ann. Phys. 133 217 Google Scholar
[18]	Look D C, Sizelove J R, Keller S, Wu Y F, Mishra U K, DenBaars S P 1997 Solid State Commun. 102 297 Google Scholar
[19]	Chin V W L, Tansley T L, Osotchan T 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 7365 Google Scholar
[20]	Cui P, Mo J H, Fu C, Lü Y J, Liu H, Cheng A J, Luan C B, Zhou Y, Dai G, Lin Z J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 9036
[21]	Ambacher O, Smart J, Shealy J R, Weimann N G, Chu K, Murphy M, Schaff W J, Eastman L F, Dimitrov R, Wittmer L, Stutzmann M, Rieger W, Hilsenbeck J 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 3222 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang Y F, Smorchkova I P, Elsass C R, Keller S, Ibbetson J P, Denbaars S, Mishra U K, Singh J 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 7981 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhao D G, Xu S J, Xie M H, Tong S Y, Yang H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 677 Google Scholar

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AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管中二维电子气的极化光学声子散射