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近年来，基于宇称-时间（Parity-time, PT）对称的非厄密物理机制在磁谐振式无线电能传输（Wireless power transfer, WPT）领域取得了显著进展．非厄密物理不仅有效地解释了当前WPT领域基于电路理论分析的主要实验结果，而且为进一步提升WPT器件的传输效率、距径比、鲁棒性等方面提供了全新的原理支撑．本文主要综述了基于PT对称、高阶PT对称、高阶Anti-PT对称等条件下的高效稳定磁谐振式WPT的研究进展，揭示了非厄密物理在该领域的独特作用机制及重要应用．最后对非厄密物理在WPT领域的应用前景进行了展望．In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) leveraging parity-time (PT) symmetry has progressed significantly, enhancing efficiency, transfer distance, and robustness. This paper overviews magnetic resonance WPT systems utilizing ideal, asymmetric, high-order, and anti-PT symmetry.
The first section discusses second-order PT symmetry, evolving from inductive to resonant WPT. Active tuning and nonlinear saturation gain techniques optimize frequency and spontaneously achieve efficient WPT. These methods improve transmission efficiency, especially with dynamic transfer distance changes. The second section covers third-order PT and anti-PT symmetry. Third-order PT systems maintain a fixed eigenfrequency, enabling stable energy transfer. Generalized PT symmetry harnesses bandgaps for further efficiency. BIC in asymmetric systems reveals a pure real mode for stable WPT. Anti-PT symmetry’s ‘level pinning’ maintains stability amidst dynamic changes. The final section summarizes high-order PT symmetry for long-range WPT. Heterojunction coupling and topologically non-trivial chains enhance efficiency and stability. Examples include long-range WPT via relay coils and directional WPT using asymmetric topological edge states.
In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of PT symmetry, in its various forms, in advancing the performance and reliability of magnetic resonance WPT systems. By enhancing transmission efficiency, range, and stability, these symmetries pave the way for broader applications in fields such as smart homes, medical devices, and electric vehicles. The synthesis of current research findings offers valuable insights and serves as a reference for future developments in WPT technology.-
Keywords:
- Wireless power transfer /
- non-Hermitian physics /
- parity-time symmetry /
- near-field manipulation and application
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