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质量引射会对高超声速边界层稳定性和转捩产生显著影响。本文采用多组分Navier-Stokes求解器,计算了不同气体质量引射的流场，在此基础上分析了质量引射对流动稳定性的影响，区分了引射气体不同性质的作用。研究表明，质量引射排挤主流流体，形成引射层，令边界层变厚，显著降低壁面摩阻和热流。引射气体的粘性系数、相对分子质量及扩散作用主要影响边界层厚度，而热传导系数和比热容则主要影响温度分布。线性稳定性分析结果表明，质量引射激发多个高阶模态失稳，但第二模态仍起主导作用，且质量引射减小第二模态失稳区域，令扰动积分幅值显著减小，进而抑制转捩。引射气体性质的变化通过两条路径影响稳定性：(1)改变基本流剖面;(2)改变混合气体性质。其中引射气体的输运系数(粘性、扩散)主要通过路径一来改变失稳特征，比热容主要通过路径二来起作用，相对分子质量则通过双路径共同作用。Active mass injection serves as an effective thermal protection technique by significantly reducing wall heat flux. However, it inherently alters boundary layer stability characteristics, leading to substantial impacts on the laminar-to-turbulent transition process. Crucially, the underlying mechanisms governing how different injected gases modulate flow stability remain unclear. To systematically analyze the effects of different gas injections on flow stability, this study investigates gas-specific mass injection effects by employing a multicomponent Navier-Stokes solver to compute flow fields with air, argon, and nitrogen injections. The influence of mass injection on flow stability was analyzed using linear stability theory, with subsequent differentiation of the distinct effects attributable to various injectant properties. The study demonstrates that mass injection displaces the freestream gas, forming an injection layer near the wall and consequently increasing the boundary layer thickness. Herein, the main boundary layer retains properties similar to the original boundary layer, while the injection layer exhibits significantly reduced temperature and velocity gradients, resulting in decreased wall heat flux and skin friction. Linear stability analysis reveals that while mass injection excites multiple higher-order instability modes, the second mode remains dominant. Notably, mass injection reduces the unstable region of the second mode and significantly decreases the integrated disturbance amplitude, thereby suppressing transition. This stabilizing effect is more pronounced with lighter gases. The differences in injected gas properties are mainly reflected in the viscosity coefficient, thermal conductivity, relative molecular weight, and diffusivity. Among these, the boundary layer thickness is primarily affected by the viscosity coefficient, relative molecular weight, and diffusivity of the injected gas, while the temperature within the boundary layer decreases with increasing thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the injected gas. The influence of injected gas properties on flow stability manifests through two distinct pathways: (1) modification of the base flow profile, and (2) alteration of mixed gas properties. Specifically, the transport coefficients (viscosity and diffusivity) of the injected gas primarily affect instability characteristics through Pathway 1, while the specific heat capacity mainly operates via Pathway 2. The relative molecular weight exerts combined effects through both pathways.
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Keywords:
- Mass Injection /
- Linear Stability Theory /
- Hypersonic Boundary Layer
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