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椭偏阿秒脉冲作为融合超短时间尺度(阿秒)与椭圆偏振特性的光场, 在探究物质超快手性动力学过程及X射线磁圆二色性等前沿方向具有重要应用价值. 本研究基于含时薛定谔方程的数值求解, 通过设计非均匀线偏振驱动激光场与Ne相互作用, 系统地研究了驱动激光场的非均匀度以及初始轨道的轨道角动量对孤立椭偏阿秒脉冲产生的调控规律. 本文计算了不同非均匀度的驱动激光场作用下的氖原子的高次谐波谱, 结果表明非均匀度参数的调节显著影响了高次谐波谱平滑程度以及频谱展宽程度, 进一步影响了辐射的阿秒脉冲的性质. 此外, 研究结果表明初始轨道的轨道角动量特性对脉冲偏振态起决定性作用, 当初始轨道角动量为零(如1s轨道)时, 辐射的阿秒脉冲是线偏振, 而当初始轨道角动量不为零(如环流态2p-轨道)时, 辐射的脉冲则为椭圆偏振. 该研究结果为非均匀线偏激光场驱动下原子孤立椭偏阿秒脉冲的实现及偏振特性调控提供了理论依据.Elliptically polarized attosecond pulse has significant applications in studying the ultrafast chiral dynamics and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) due to its ultrashort time-scale (attosecond) and elliptical polarization characteristics. In this work, the interaction between the non-uniform linearly polarized laser field and the Ne atoms is simulated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Specifically, the influences of the non-uniformity of the driving field and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the initial orbital on high-order harmonics (HHs) and attosecond pulses are revealed. HHs generated by the linearly polarized laser fields with different non-uniformities are calculated. The results indicate that the non-uniformity significantly influences the smoothness and spectral broadening of the harmonic spectra, consequently affecting the properties of the attosecond pulses. Moreover, our findings also reveal that the OAM of the initial orbital plays a significant role in the polarization state of the attosecond pulses. When the OAM is zero (e.g., 1s orbital), the radiated attosecond pulses are linearly polarized, whereas non-zero OAM (e.g., current carrying state 2p- orbital) leads to elliptically polarized emission. This study provides a theoretical foundation for generating and controlling elliptically polarized isolated attosecond pulses by using non-uniform linearly polarized laser fields, and offers new possibilities for ultrafast spectroscopy and magnetic material characterization.
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Keywords:
- high order harmonic /
- elliptically polarized isolated attosecond pulse /
- current carrying state /
- non-unifom laser field
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图 1 (a) 1s轨道概率密度空间分布图; (b) 1s轨道相位空间分布图; (c) 2p-轨道概率密度空间分布图; (d) 2p-轨道相位空间分布图
Fig. 1. (a) Probability density space distribution graph of the 1s orbital; (b) phase space distribution diagram of the 1s orbital; (c) probability density space distribution graph of the 2p- orbital; (d) phase space distribution diagram of the 2p- orbital.
图 2 不同$ \kappa $值驱动场下1s轨道和2p-轨道产生的高次谐波谱 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s轨道; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s轨道; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s轨道; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p-轨道; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p-轨道; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p-轨道 (蓝色实线和红色虚线分别表示高次谐波的右、左旋分量)
Fig. 2. High-order harmonic spectra generated by 1s and 2p- orbitals under different $ \kappa $ value of driving fields: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s orbital; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p- orbital; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p- orbital; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p- orbital; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p- orbital (Blue solid line and the red dashed line, respectively, represent the left- and right-handed circular components of the higher-order harmonics.).
图 3 高次谐波的时频分析图 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s轨道; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s轨道; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s轨道; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p-轨道; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p-轨道; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p-轨道
Fig. 3. Time-frequency analysis diagram of high-order harmonics: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s orbital; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p- orbital; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p- orbital; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p- orbital; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p- orbital.
图 4 高次谐波椭偏率 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s轨道; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s轨道; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s轨道; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p-轨道; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p-轨道; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p-轨道
Fig. 4. Ellipticity of high harmonics: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s orbital; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p- orbital; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p- orbital; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p- orbital; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p- orbital.
图 5 高次谐波的时频分析图 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道x分量; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道x分量; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道y分量; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道y分量
Fig. 5. Time-frequency analysis diagram of high-order harmonics: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, x component of 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, x component of 2p- orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, y component of 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, y component of 2p- orbital.
图 6 阿秒脉冲时域包络 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s轨道; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s轨道; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s轨道; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p-轨道; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p-轨道; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p-轨道
Fig. 6. Time-domain envelope of attosecond pulses: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s orbital; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p- orbital; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p- orbital; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p- orbital; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p- orbital.
图 7 阿秒脉冲时域电场形式 (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s轨道; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s轨道; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s轨道; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s轨道; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p-轨道; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p-轨道; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p-轨道; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p-轨道
Fig. 7. Time-domain electric field forms of attosecond pulses: (a) $ \kappa $ = 0, 1s orbital; (b) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 1s orbital; (c) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 1s orbital; (d) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 1s orbital; (e) $ \kappa $ = 0, 2p- orbital; (f) $ \kappa $ = 0.001, 2p- orbital; (g) $ \kappa $ = 0.002, 2p- orbital; (h) $ \kappa $ = 0.003, 2p- orbital.
图 8 (a)—(c) 2p-轨道高次谐波截止区能量、合成的阿秒脉冲脉宽以及椭偏率随驱动激光场波长的变化; (d)—(f) 驱动激光场光周期为$ {2 T}_{0} $时的高次谐波谱、合成的阿秒脉冲以及时域电场(红色实线表示光周期为$ {3 T}_{0} $的结果), 合成的高次谐波谱段均为35阶—50阶. 其余参数与图2(h)相同
Fig. 8. (a)–(c) Cut-off energy of high harmonic spectra of the 2p- orbital, pulse duration and ellipticity versus the wavelength; (d)–(f) the high harmonic spectra, attosecond pulses and time-domain electric field for the driving field with $ {2 T}_{0} $ (The red solid lines represent the results for the driving field with $ {3 T}_{0} $). The attosecond pulses synthesized by the harmonics of 35th–40th. Other parameters are the same as those in Fig. 2(h).
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