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锂离子电池是当今最通用的储能技术之一, 锂电池的可靠性和安全性一直是业界追求的目标, 因此准确监控电池安全状态显得尤为重要. 锂电池内部的热失控是一切锂电池安全问题的根源, 为克服目前锂电池组温度测量系统测温精度不高, 较高温度下长时间工作稳定性不足等问题, 本文提出了一种基于双包层光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的准分布式锂电池组温度监测系统. 通过搭建4通道16个双包层FBG点位对18650锂电池组进行温度场及鼓包形变监测, 结果表明在0—450 ℃的温度条件下可以精确确定由短路等问题产生异常温度升高的点位, 相应温度灵敏度为10 pm/℃, 分辨率达0.1 ℃, 并且贴于锂电池壳体表面的双包层FBG还可以监测电池壳体表面出现的鼓包形变现象, 其纵向压力应变灵敏度达142 pm/N. 本文的双包层FBG准分布式锂电池组温度场监测系统既可以保证高精度的温度、形变测量, 同时具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力, 表明本文的研究工作有望为锂电池组的安全监测和使用提供可靠的理论与实验依据.
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关键词:
- 光纤布拉格光栅传感器 /
- 双包层光纤 /
- 锂电池组 /
- 温度监控
Lithium-ion battery is one of the most versatile energy storage technologies today, and the reliability and safety of lithium battery have always been the target pursued by the industry all the time, so it is particularly important to accurately monitor the safety status of the battery. Actually, the ultimate cause of all lithium battery safety problems lies in the thermal runaway inside the lithium battery. In order to overcome the current problems of temperature measurement systems, such as low accuracy and insufficient stability for long-time operation at relatively high temperature, a temperature monitoring system of quasi-distributed lithium battery based on double clad Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is proposed in this work. After the monitoring of the temperature field and bulge deformation of 18650 lithium battery pack by building 4 channels and 16 double clad FBG points to monitor the temperature field and bulge deformation of 18650 lithium battery pack, the results show that the points with abnormal temperature rise caused by short circuit and other problems can be accurately determined under the temperature of 0–450 ℃, with the corresponding temperature sensitivity of 10 pm/℃, and the resolution of 0.1 ℃. The double clad FBG attached to the surface of the lithium battery shell can also monitor the bulge deformation on the surface of the battery shell, and its longitudinal pressure modification sensitivity is up to 142 pm/N. The temperature field monitoring system of quasi-distributed lithium battery pack based on double clad FBG in this paper can not only ensure high-precision temperature and deformation measurement, but also have good stability and anti-interference ability, which shows that the research work in this paper is expected to provide a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for the safety monitoring and use of lithium battery pack.-
Keywords:
- fiber Bragg grating sensor /
- double cladding fiber /
- lithium battery pack /
- temperature monitoring
[1] 黄彦瑜 2007 物理 36 643
Google Scholar
Huang Y Y 2007 Physics 36 643
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Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) 双包层光纤结构; (b) 封装FBG温度传感器; (c) 温度应变响应反射谱实时测试装置
Fig. 1. (a) Double clad fiber structure; (b) encapsulated FBG temperature sensor; (c) real-time measurement device of reflectance spectrum for temperature and strain response.
图 2 (a) 锂电池组温度监测系统示意图; (b) 18650锂电池组双包层FBG布设示意图
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of lithium battery pack temperature monitoring system; (b) layout diagram of 18650 lithium battery pack double clad FBG.
图 3 (a) 相同载氢和刻写条件单模和双包层FBG光谱; (b) 相同反射率单模与双包层FBG光谱
Fig. 3. (a) Single mode and double clad FBG spectra under the same hydrogen loading and writing conditions; (b) single mode and double clad FBG spectra with the same reflectivity.
图 4 单模和双包层FBG不同温度下光谱图 (a) 单模FBG反射光谱演变; (b) 双包层FBG反射光谱演变; (c) FBG反射峰值强度随温度的变化; (d) 升温过程中FBG反射峰值强度随时间的变化; (e) 双包层FBG反射峰值强度在不同温度下随时间的变化; (f) FBG中心波长随温度变化
Fig. 4. Spectra of single-mode and double clad FBG at different temperatures: (a) Reflection spectrum variation of single mode FBG; (b) reflection spectrum variation of double clad FBG; (c) variation of FBG reflection peak intensity with temperature; (d) variation of FBG reflection peak intensity with time during heating; (e) variation of double clad FBG reflection peak intensity with time at different temperatures; (f) FBG center wavelength varies with temperature.
图 5 (a) FBG中心波长实时监测; (b) FBG中心波长随压力变化; (c) FBG中心波长随位移变化
Fig. 5. (a) Real-time monitoring of FBG center wavelength; (b) FBG center wavelength varies with pressure; (c) FBG center wavelength varies with displacement.
图 6 (a) 温度场监控系统1, 3号通道温度监测对比; (b) 通道4电池鼓包监测对比
Fig. 6. (a) Comparison of temperature monitoring of channels 1 and 3 of the temperature field monitoring system; (b) channel 4 battery bulge monitoring comparison.
表 1 E型热电偶与双包层FBG温度测量结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of temperature measurement results between E-type thermocouple and double clad FBG.
时间/
min温度/℃ 热电偶 FBG(1) 热电偶 FBG(2) 热电偶 FBG(3) 0 20.8 20.7 20.8 20.7 20.8 20.7 1 27.9 27.7 27.8 27.6 27.9 27.7 2 34.7 34.5 34.9 34.8 34.8 34.7 3 41.6 41.5 41.9 41.7 41.7 41.5 4 48.9 48.8 49.0 48.8 48.8 48.7 5 55.8 55.6 55.7 55.5 55.9 55.6 6 62.6 62.4 62.8 62.7 63 62.7 7 69.8 69.7 69.8 69.6 69.7 69.6 8 76.7 76.5 76.9 76.8 76.8 76.6 9 83.9 83.6 83.8 83.6 83.9 83.8 10 90.8 90.6 91 90.7 91.1 91 
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表 2 双包层FBG监测18650锂电池模组反射谱中心波长随时间变化数据
Table 2. Double clad FBG monitoring 18650 lithium battery module reflectance spectrum center wavelength change data with time.
时间/s 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 中心波长/nm 通道1 FBG11 1546.52 1546.55 1546.57 1546.59 1546.61 1546.62 1546.63 FBG12 1549.34 1549.36 1549.38 1549.39 1549.42 1549.43 1549.45 FBG13 1552.56 1552.57 1552.60 1552.61 1552.63 1552.64 1552.66 FBG14 1555.47 1555.50 1555.51 1555.53 1555.55 1555.56 1555.59 通道2 FBG21 1546.54 1546.55 1546.57 1546.59 1546.6 1546.62 1546.64 FBG22 1549.32 1549.34 1549.35 1549.38 1549.40 1549.42 1549.44 FBG23 1552.49 1552.52 1552.55 1552.57 1552.58 1552.60 1552.63 FBG24 1555.42 1555.43 1555.46 1555.48 1555.49 1555.51 1555.52 通道3 FBG31 1546.72 1546.86 1546.97 1547.25 1547.61 1548.11 1548.77 FBG32 1549.53 1549.67 1549.79 1550.03 1550.38 1550.91 1551.54 FBG33 1552.57 1552.59 1552.62 1552.64 1552.68 1552.7 1552.73 FBG34 1555.45 1555.49 1555.53 1555.57 1555.60 1555.64 1555.67 通道4 FBG41 1546.53 1546.57 1546.59 1546.61 1546.62 1546.61 1546.59 FBG42 1549.35 1549.37 1549.38 1549.41 1549.42 1549.44 1549.45 FBG43 1552.55 1552.57 1552.68 1552.80 1553.01 1553.34 1553.69 FBG44 1555.48 1555.53 1555.57 1555.59 1555.61 1555.58 1555.59
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[1] 黄彦瑜 2007 物理 36 643
Google Scholar
Huang Y Y 2007 Physics 36 643
Google Scholar
[2] Jun P, Shuhai J, Hongqiang Y, Xilong K, Shuming Y, Shouping X 2021 IEEE Sens. J. 21 4628
Google Scholar
[3] 姜德生, 何伟 2002 光电子·激光 04 420
Google Scholar
Jiang D S, He W 2002 J. Optoelectron. Laser 04 420
Google Scholar
[4] Li B, Parekh M H, Adams R A, Adams T E, Love C T, Pol V G, Tomar V 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 1
Google Scholar
[5] 余有龙, 谭华耀, 锺永康 2001 光学学报 21 987
Google Scholar
Yu Y L, Tan H Y, Zhong Y K 2001 Acta Opt. Sin. 21 987
Google Scholar
[6] Ee Y J, Tey K S, Lim K S, Shrivastava P, Adnan S, Ahmad H 2021 J. Energy Storage 40 102704
Google Scholar
[7] Nascimento M, Paixão T, Ferreira M S, Pinto J 2018 Batteries 4 67
Google Scholar
[8] Huang J Q, Blanquer L A, Bonefacino J, Logan E R, Dalla Corte D A, Charles D, Delacourt C, Gallant B M, Boles S T, Dahn J R, Tam H Y, Tarascon J M 2020 Nat. Energy 5 674
Google Scholar
[9] Andrey W G, David, Julian W, Helmar W, Christoph S, Gisela F, Gernot V, Alexander T, Viktor H 2014 RSC Adv. 4 3633
Google Scholar
[10] Rengaswamy S, Plamen A D, Bliss G C 2018 J. Power Sources 405 30
Google Scholar
[11] Shasha L, Tomas V, Alexandros V, Frans O, Yaolin X, Zhaolong L, Zhengcao L, Marnix W 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1
Google Scholar
[12] 曹后俊, 司金海, 陈涛, 王瑞泽, 高博, 闫理贺, 侯洵 2018 中国激光 45 0702009
Google Scholar
Cao H J, Si J H, Chen T, Wang R Z, Gao B, Yan L H, Hou X 2018 Chin. J. Lasers 45 0702009
Google Scholar
[13] Meltz G, Morey W W, Glenn W H 1989 Opt. Lett. 14 823
Google Scholar
[14] 徐团伟, 李芳, 刘育梁 2012 光学学报 32 241
Google Scholar
Xu T W, Li F, Liu Y L 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 241
Google Scholar
[15] Nazmi A M, Nermeen M O 2018 J. Comput. Electron. 17 349
Google Scholar
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