地闪雷电电磁脉冲在大地中的分布研究

杨波; 周璧华; 孟鑫

doi:10.7498/aps.59.8978

摘要

为研究地闪雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)在大地中的分布规律,采用二维时域有限差分法计算了在雷电通道不同距离处、不同大地电参数条件下LEMP在地下不同深度的分布,并与其他高功率电磁环境在大地中的衰减情况作了对比.计算结果表明: 随距离增大, 大地中LEMP场分量迅速衰减;大地电导率较大时,电场分量衰减很大;大地电容率的变化主要影响LEMP的垂直电场分量,随大地电容率的增大,垂直电场分量明显减小;随深度的增大,电场分量衰减增大,其高频成分的衰减尤为显著,低频成分则衰减很小. 由此可知,对电线电缆实施简单的埋地处理并不能有效防止LEMP的耦合效应.

关键词:

雷电电磁脉冲 /
大地电导率

Abstract

In order to find out the distribution of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) fields under the ground, the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate LEMP under the ground. The distributions of LEMP under the ground are calculated in the cases of different distances from the lightning channel, different ground conductivities, different ground permittivities and different depths. The attenuations of lightning fields in the ground are compared with those of other high-power electromagnetic environments. The calculated results show the following points: the LEMP dramatically attenuates as the distance increases; the attenuation of the electric component is significant when the ground conductivity is reasonably high; the change of ground permittivity mainly causes the change of vertical electric field component, which decreases as the ground permittivity increases; the attenuation of the high frequency electric component increases and that of the low frequency electric component invisibly changes as the depth increases.

Keywords:

lightning electromagnetic pulse /
ground conductivity

作者及机构信息

1.
解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京 210007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (批准号:60671007, 60971063)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Engineering Institute of Corps of Engineers, University of Science and Technology of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Nanjing 210007, China

参考文献

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[2]	Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵阳、郄秀书、孔祥贞、张广庶、张彤、杨静、冯桂力、张其林、王东方 2009 物理学报 58 6616]
[3]	Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yang J, Feng G L, Kong X Z, Zhou Y J, Zhang T L, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Wang D F, Cui H H, Zhao Z K, Wu S J 2009 Atmos. Res. 91 310
[4]	Zhang Q L, Qie X S, Wang Z H, Zhang T L, Yang J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 127
[5]	Master M J, Uman M A 1984 IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst. 103 2502
[6]	Cooray V 1992 Radio Sci. 27 529
[7]	Rakov V A 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 654
[8]	Pokharel R K, Ishii M, Baba Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 45 651
[9]	Baba Y, Rakov V A 2006 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48 212
[10]	Ren H M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Science and Technology of Chinese Peoples Liberation Army) (in Chinese) [任合明 2007 博士学位论文 (南京: 解放军理工大学)]
[11]	Sommerfeld A 1909 Ann. Phys. 28 665
[12]	Uman M A 1985 J. Geophys. Res. 90 6121
[13]	Wu T, King R W P 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 4345
[14]	Norton K A 1937 Proc. IEEE 25 1203
[15]	Cooray V 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 75
[16]	Delfino F, Procopio R, Rossi M, Rachidi F, Nucci C A 2007 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 49 401
[17]	Petrache E, Rachidi F, Paolone M, Nucci C A, Rakov V A, Uman M A 2005 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47 498
[18]	Yang C S, Zhou B H 2004 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 46 133
[19]	Rakov V A, Uman M A 1998 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 40 403

施引文献

[1]	Yang J, Qie X S, Wang J G, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yuan T, Zhou Y J, Feng G L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1968 (in Chinese) [杨静、郄秀书、王建国、赵阳、张其林、袁铁、周筠珺、冯桂力 2008 物理学报 57 1968]
[2]	Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵阳、郄秀书、孔祥贞、张广庶、张彤、杨静、冯桂力、张其林、王东方 2009 物理学报 58 6616]
[3]	Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yang J, Feng G L, Kong X Z, Zhou Y J, Zhang T L, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Wang D F, Cui H H, Zhao Z K, Wu S J 2009 Atmos. Res. 91 310
[4]	Zhang Q L, Qie X S, Wang Z H, Zhang T L, Yang J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 127
[5]	Master M J, Uman M A 1984 IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst. 103 2502
[6]	Cooray V 1992 Radio Sci. 27 529
[7]	Rakov V A 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 654
[8]	Pokharel R K, Ishii M, Baba Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 45 651
[9]	Baba Y, Rakov V A 2006 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48 212
[10]	Ren H M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Science and Technology of Chinese Peoples Liberation Army) (in Chinese) [任合明 2007 博士学位论文 (南京: 解放军理工大学)]
[11]	Sommerfeld A 1909 Ann. Phys. 28 665
[12]	Uman M A 1985 J. Geophys. Res. 90 6121
[13]	Wu T, King R W P 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 4345
[14]	Norton K A 1937 Proc. IEEE 25 1203
[15]	Cooray V 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 75
[16]	Delfino F, Procopio R, Rossi M, Rachidi F, Nucci C A 2007 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 49 401
[17]	Petrache E, Rachidi F, Paolone M, Nucci C A, Rakov V A, Uman M A 2005 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47 498
[18]	Yang C S, Zhou B H 2004 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 46 133
[19]	Rakov V A, Uman M A 1998 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 40 403

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