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涌浪运动是非均匀水流中的一种非线性运动，是常见的海洋运动形式之一.在进行水下量子通信时，会对光量子信号的传输造成极大的影响.然而，有关涌浪运动造成量子通信信道参数变化的研究，迄今尚未展开.为了研究涌浪运动对水下量子通信性能的影响，首先对涌浪运动的传播建立了数学模型并分析了其频谱特性.针对退极化信道，提出了涌浪运动与水下量子通信信道纠缠和信道容量的定量关系，并对量子密钥分发过程中误码率的影响进行了分析.仿真结果表明，当海面风速在0–20.5 m/s变化时，随着传播周期逐渐增大，信道纠缠度由0.0012逐渐增加到0.8426，信道容量由0.8736减小到0.1024，密钥分发过程中，量子误码率由0.1651增加到0.4812.由此可见，涌浪运动对于水下量子通信性能有着明显的影响.因此，在进行水下量子通信时，应根据涌浪运动的不同程度，自适应调整系统参数.Quantum communication is brand new way of communication in which quantum entanglement is used to transmit information. It is an interdisciplinary subject combining quantum informatics with modern communication theory. Motivated by the communication requirements for underwater sensor networks, submarines, etc., underwater optical communication has been developing rapidly in recent years due to the ideal information security of quantum communication. However, the research on the performance of underwater quantum communication in sea has not yet been fully developed because of a series of factors such as surge, salinity and seaweed and so on. In this paper, the influence of surge in non-uniform water flow on the underwater quantum communication is studied theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, a new Boussinesq equation with a given flow function is derived based on the horizontal and vertical wave velocity of the free surface to represent the free surface boundary conditions. On the other hand, In view of the nonlinear motion of movement, the complexity of change and the randomness of the distribution, the spectrum is used for numerically calculating the surge. The characteristics of wave motion are described by wave height, period and wavelength. Secondly, the influence of surge on the entanglement of underwater quantum channel is analyzed. It is proved that the wave height of surge and the change of the cycle affect quantum communication due to the destruction of the quantum coherence and the reduction in quantum entanglement degree. Thirdly, the influence of surge motion on the quantum channel capacity is studied. The influence of the relation between the wavelength and the transmission cycle on the quantum channel capacity is simulated. The relationship between the physical characteristics of surge wave and the capacity of depolarized channel is established. Fourthly, the influence of surge motion on error rate in quantum key distribution is studied. The simulation results show that when the sea surface wind speed changes in a range of 0-20.5 m/s, the propagation cycle is increased gradually. The channel entanglement is increased from 0.0012 to 0.8426, and the channel capacity is reduced from 0.8736 to 0.1024. In the key distribution process, the quantum bit error rate increases from 0.1651 to 0.4812. Therefore, in underwater quantum communication, the parameters of the system should be adjusted adaptively according to the varying degree of the surge movement.
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Keywords:
- underwater quantum communication /
- surge movement /
- channel entanglement degree /
- quantum bit error rate
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[5] Ma X S, Thomas H, Thomas S, Wang D Q, Sebastian K, William N, Bernhard W, Alexandra M, Johannes K, Elena A, Vadim M, Thomas J, Rupert U, Anton Z 2012 Nature 489 269
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