基于原子干涉仪的微观粒子弱等效原理检验

王谨; 詹明生

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180621

摘要

等效原理是广义相对论的两个基本假设之一，也是爱因斯坦对弱等效原理的推广.目前，大量实验证明弱等效原理在一定的实验精度内是成立的.将引力与标准模型统一起来的新理论都要求弱等效原理破缺，因此更高精度的弱等效原理检验具有重要的科学意义.本文介绍了原子干涉仪的原理，回顾了利用原子干涉仪开展微观粒子弱等效原理检验实验研究的历史和现状，介绍了双组分原子干涉仪检验弱等效原理实验涉及的振动噪声抑制、拉曼光移频与相位噪声抑制、四波双衍射拉曼跃迁原子干涉、信号探测与数据处理等关键问题及研究进展，分析了高精度微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展趋势，介绍了长基线原子干涉仪、空间原子干涉仪、超冷原子源以及纠缠原子源制备等方面的研究动态，展望了微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展前景.

关键词:

Abstract

The equivalence principle is one of the two basic assumptions of general relativity. It is the extension of weak equivalence principle. At present, a lot of experiments have tested the weak equivalence principle within a certain accuracy. However, the new theories that unify the gravity and the standard model require the weak equivalence principle to be broken, so the highly accurate test of the weak equivalence principle has important scientific significance. The test of the weak equivalence principle using microscopic particles complements and extends that using macroscopic objects. In this paper, the principle of the atomic interferometer is introduced, and the history and status quo of experimental study on weak equivalence principle of microscopic particles using atomic interferometer are reviewed. The precision of experiments using different-mass atoms is improved from 10-7 to 10-8, the precision of experiment using different spin-orientation atoms reaches the level of 10-7, and the precision of quantum test using superposition-state atoms reaches the level of 10-9. The key problems in the weak equivalence principle test using dual-species atom interferometers are summarized. Advances have been made in vibration noise suppression, frequency shift and phase noise suppression of Raman laser, four-wave double-diffraction Raman-transition atom interference, signal detection and data processing. The development of long-baseline atom interferometers for improving the free evolution time of atoms has progressed. The precision of demonstration experiment of weak equivalence principle test using atom interferometers in weightlessness reaches 10-4 level. The space plan for atom interferometer based weak equivalence principle test is also gradually implemented. The test precision of microparticles' weak equivalence principle using long-baseline atom interferometers or space atom interferometers is expected to reach the level of 10-15-10-17 in the future.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

王谨^1,2,
詹明生^1,2

1.
中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉 430071;

2.
中国科学院冷原子物理中心, 武汉 430071

通信作者: 王谨, wangjin@wipm.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目（批准号：91536221，91736311）和国家重点研发计划（批准号：2016YFA0302002）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;

2.
Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China

Corresponding author: Wang Jin, wangjin@wipm.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91536221, 91736311) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0302002).

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施引文献

[1]	Clifford M W 2006 Living Rev. Relat. 9 3
[2]	Luo J, Nie Y X, Zhang Y Z, Zhou Z B 2002 Phys. Rev. D 65 042005
[3]	Zhou Z B, Luo J, Yan Q, Wu Z G, Zhang Y Z, Nie Y X 2002 Phys. Rev. D 66 022002
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[8]	Koester L 1976 Phys. Rev. D 14 907
[9]	Bertolami O, Nunes F M 2003 Class. Quantum Grav. 20 L61
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[13]	Wang J 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 053702
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[49]	Peng W C, Zhou L, Long S T, Wang J, Zhan M S 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2998
[50]	Yim S H, Lee S B, Kwon T Y, Park S E 2014 Appl. Phys. B 115 491
[51]	Weitz M, Young B C, Chu S 1994 Phys. Rev. A 50 2438
[52]	Li R B, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhan M S 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 1340
[53]	Wang K, Yao Z W, Li R B, Lu S B, Chen X, Wang J, Zhan M S 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 989
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[63]	Song H W, Zhong J Q, Chen X, Zhu L, Wang Y P, Wang J, Zhan M S 2016 Opt. Express 24 28392
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