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少电子离子束缚态电子g因子的精密测量是借助原子分子体系研究束缚态QED理论的有效途径。特别是在高电荷态重核体系中，原子核与内壳层电子之间极强的电磁相互作用为研究极端电磁场环境下的QED效应提供了独一无二的条件。通过精确测量束缚态电子g因子，还可以分析核效应、测定核结构参数、确定基本物理常数等。少电子离子束缚态电子g因子的研究已经成为精密谱学方向的前沿课题。潘宁离子阱（借助稳态电磁场囚禁离子的系统）是进行g因子测量的有效实验装置之一。本综述将对基于潘宁离子阱开展少电子离子束缚态电子g因子的实验研究进行全面回顾，介绍基本实验原理与测量方法，重点论述该领域在近几年中的重要实验成果，并对未来发展做简要展望。The electron g factor is a crucial fundamental structural parameter in atomic physics, as it reveals various mechanisms of electron interactions with external fields. Precise measurements of g factors of electrons bound in simple atomic and molecular systems offer an effective avenue for investigating bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) theories. Especially in highly-charged heavy ions (HCIs), the strong electromagnetic interactions between the nucleus and inner-shell electrons provide unique opportunities to test QED under extremely strong fields. Accurate measurements of the g factors of the bound-state electron are also crucial for determining nuclear effects, nuclear parameters and fundamental constants, making it a frontier topic fundamental physics. A Penning trap, which uses steady-state electromagnetic fields to confine charged particles, is utilized to perform precision g-factor measurements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of g-factor experiments for few-electron simple systems in Penning traps, covering a summary of the experimental principles, experimental setups, measurement methods, and significant research findings.
The introduction outlines the physical concept of the electron g factor and its historical research background. The electron g factor is considered as an effective probe to study higher-order QED effects. Through high-precision measurements of the free electron g-factor, discrepancies between the fine-structure constant and other experimental results in atomic physics have been identified. Notably, the g factor of the 1s electron in HCIs deviates significantly from the value for free electrons as the atomic number increases. Experimental principles, including the principle of the Penning trap and the measurement principle of the bound-state electron g factors are discussed. A double-trap experiment setup and related precision measurement techniques are also introduced.
This paper reviews several milestone experimental results including: (1) the stringent test of bound-state QED with a precision measurement of bound-state electron g factor of 118Sn49+ ion, (2) the g-factor measurements of lithium-like and boron-like ions and their applications, (3) the g-factor isotope shift measurement with an advanced two-ion balance technique in the Penning trap, providing insight into the QED effects in nuclear recoil. Finally, this paper summarizes the current challenges faced in the g-factor measurements of a bound-state electron in few-electron ion systems and offers an outlook on future developments in the field.-
Keywords:
- few-electron ions /
- g factor /
- Penning trap /
- precision measurement
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