基于磁电耦合效应的基本电路元件和非易失性存储器

申见昕; 尚大山; 孙阳

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180712

摘要

磁电耦合效应是指磁场控制电极化或者电场控制磁性的物理现象，它们为开发新型电子器件提供了额外的物理状态自由度，具有巨大的应用潜力.磁电耦合系数作为磁电耦合材料的重要参量，体现了材料磁化和电极化的耦合性能，其随外加物理场的变化可以表现出非线性回滞行为，具备作为非易失存储的物理状态特征.本文讨论了基于磁电耦合效应如何建立起电荷-磁通之间的直接关联，继而实现了第四种基本电路元件并构建了完整的电路元件关系图.在此基础上，研究了多铁性异质结中的非线性磁电耦合效应，并利用其独特的电荷-磁通关联特性，开发了基于磁电耦合系数的电写-磁读型非易失性信息存储、逻辑计算与类神经突触记忆等一系列新型信息功能器件.

关键词:

Abstract

The magnetoelectric coupling effect in materials provides an additional degree of freedom of physical states for information storage and shows great potential in developing a new generation of memory devices. We use an alternative concept of nonvolatile memory based on a type of nonlinear magnetoelectric effects showing a butterfly-shaped hysteresis loop. The state of magnetoelectric coefficient, instead of magnetization, electric polarization, or resistance, is utilized to store information. Because this memory concept depends on the relationship between the charge and magnetic flux, it is actually the fourth fundamental circuit memory element in addition to memristor, memcapacitor, and meminductor, and is defined as memtranstor. Our experiments in memtranstor comprised of the[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)]0.7[PbTiO3]0.3(PMN-PT)/Terfenol-D and Ni/PMN-PT/Ni multiferroic heterostructures clearly demonstrated that the magnetoelectric coefficient can be repeatedly switched not only between positive and negative polarities but also between multilevel states by applying electric fields, confirming the feasibility of this principle. In addition to nonvolatile memory, the nonvolatile logic functions, such as NOR and NAND and synaptic plasticity functions, such as long-term potentiation/depression and spiking-time-dependent plasticity are implemented in a single memtranstor by engineering the applied electric-field pulses. The combined functionalities of memory, logic, and synaptic plasticity enable the memtranstor to serve as a promising candidate for future computing systems beyond von Neumann architecture.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京 100190;

2.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京 100049

通信作者: 尚大山, shangdashan@iphy.ac.cn;youngsun@iphy.ac.cn ; 孙阳, shangdashan@iphy.ac.cn;youngsun@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11534015，51671213，51725104）、国家重点研发计划（批准号：2016YFA0300701）和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（批准号：XDB07030200）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Shang Da-Shan, shangdashan@iphy.ac.cn;youngsun@iphy.ac.cn ; Sun Young, shangdashan@iphy.ac.cn;youngsun@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11534015, 51671213, 51725104), the National Key RD Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300701), and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030200).

参考文献

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[2]	Chappert C, Fert A, van Dau F N 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 813
[3]	Wuttig M, Yamada N 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 824
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[7]	Gajek M, Bibes M, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Fontcuberta J, Barthlmy A, Fert A 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 296
[8]	Garcia V, Bibes M, Bocher L, Valencia S, Kronast F, Crassous A, Moya X, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Gloter A, Imhoff D, Deranlot C, Mathur N D, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Barthlmy A 2010 Science 327 1106
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[10]	Bibes M, Barthlmy A 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 425
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[12]	Thiele C, Dorr K, Bilani O, Rdel J, Schultz L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 054408
[13]	Ma J, Lin Y, Nan C W 2010 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 43 012001
[14]	Chen Y, Gao J, Fitchorov T, Cai Z, Ziemer K S, Vittoria C, Harris V G 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 082504
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[22]	Shang D S, Chai Y S, Cao Z X, Lu J, Sun Y 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 068402
[23]	Lou J, Pellegrini G N, Liu M, Mathur N D, Sun N X 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 102907
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[26]	Nan C W, Bichurin M I, Peterburgskaya B S, Dong S X, Viehland D, Srinivasan G 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 031101
[27]	Shen J X, Cong J Z, Chai Y S, Shang D S, Shen S P, Zhai K, Tian Y, Sun Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 021001
[28]	Park S E, Shrout T R 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 82 1804
[29]	Lee D, Yang M S, Kim T H, Jeon B C, Kim Y S, Yoon J G, Lee H N, Baek S H, Eom C B, Noh T W 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 402
[30]	Shen J X, Cong J Z, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Shen S P, Zhai K, Sun Y 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 34473
[31]	Lu P P, Shang D S, Shen J X, Chai Y S, Yang C S, Zhai K, Cong J Z, Shen S P, Sun Y 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 252902
[32]	Zhai K, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Li G, Cai J W, Shen B G, Sun Y 2018 Adv. Func. Mater. 28 1705771
[33]	Wang J, Meng H, Wang J P 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 10D509
[34]	Khajetoorians A A, Wiebe J, Chilian B, Wiesendanger R 2011 Science 332 1062
[35]	Borghetti J, Snider G S, Kuekes P J, Yang J J, Stewart D R, Williams R S 2010 Nature 464 873
[36]	Wang Z, Zhao W, Kang W, Zhang Y, Klein J O, Ravelosona D, Zhang Y, Chappert C 2014 IEEE Trans. Magn. 50 9100604
[37]	Li Y, Zhong Y P, Deng Y F, Zhou Y X, Xu L, Miao X S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 234503
[38]	Linn E, Rosezin R, Tappertzhofen S, Bttger U, Waser R 2012 Nanotechnology 23 305205
[39]	Siemon A, Breuer T, Aslam N, Ferch S, Kim W, van den Hurk J, Rana V, Hoffmann-Eifert S, Waser R, Menzel S, Linn E 2015 Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 6414
[40]	Shen J X, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Wang Y, Cong J Z, Shen S P, Yan L Q, Wang W H, Sun Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 064028
[41]	Zhou Y, Yang S C, Apo D J, Maurya D, Priya S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 232905
[42]	Cassinerio M, Ciocchini N, Ielmini D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 5975
[43]	Binek C, Doudin B 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 17 L39
[44]	Chen X, Hochstrat A, Borisov P, Kleemann W 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 202508
[45]	Hu J M, Li Z, Lin Y H, Nan C W 2010 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 4 106
[46]	Bi G Q, Poo M M 1998 J. Neurosci. 18 10464
[47]	Mead C 1990 Proc. IEEE 78 1629
[48]	Indiveri G, Chicca E, Douglas R A 2006 IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 17 211
[49]	Yang J J, Strukov D B, Stewart D 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 13
[50]	Jo S H, Chang T, Ebong I, Bhadviya B B, Mazumder P, Lu W 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1297
[51]	Yang C S, Shang D S, Liu N, Shi G, Shen X, Yu R C, Li Y Q, Sun Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700906
[52]	Kuzum D, Yu S, Wong H S P 2013 Nanotechnology 24 382001
[53]	Shen J X, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Wang S G, Shen B G, Sun Y 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1706717

施引文献

[1]	Scott J F 2000 Ferroelectric Memories (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp23-51
[2]	Chappert C, Fert A, van Dau F N 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 813
[3]	Wuttig M, Yamada N 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 824
[4]	Waser R, Dittmann R, Staikov G, Szot K 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 833
[5]	Dong S, Liu J M, Cheong S W, Ren Z 2015 Adv. Phys. 64 519
[6]	Scott J F 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 256
[7]	Gajek M, Bibes M, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Fontcuberta J, Barthlmy A, Fert A 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 296
[8]	Garcia V, Bibes M, Bocher L, Valencia S, Kronast F, Crassous A, Moya X, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Gloter A, Imhoff D, Deranlot C, Mathur N D, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Barthlmy A 2010 Science 327 1106
[9]	Pantel D, Goetze S, Hesse D, Alexe M 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 289
[10]	Bibes M, Barthlmy A 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 425
[11]	Song C, Cui B, Li F, Zhou X J, Pan F 2017 Prog. Mater. Sci. 87 33
[12]	Thiele C, Dorr K, Bilani O, Rdel J, Schultz L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 054408
[13]	Ma J, Lin Y, Nan C W 2010 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 43 012001
[14]	Chen Y, Gao J, Fitchorov T, Cai Z, Ziemer K S, Vittoria C, Harris V G 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 082504
[15]	Xuan H C, Wang L Y, Zheng Y X, Li Y L, Cao Q Q, Chen S Y, Wang D H, Huang Z G, Du Y W 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 032509
[16]	Chua L O 1971 IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18 507
[17]	Chua L O, Kang S M 1976 Proc. IEEE 64 209
[18]	Strukov D B, Snider G S, Stewart D R, Williams R S 2008 Nature 453 80
[19]	Di Ventra M, Pershin Y V, Chua L O 2009 Proc. IEEE 97 1717
[20]	Vongehr S 2012 Adv. Sci. Lett. 17 285
[21]	Mathur N D 2008 Nature 455 E13
[22]	Shang D S, Chai Y S, Cao Z X, Lu J, Sun Y 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 068402
[23]	Lou J, Pellegrini G N, Liu M, Mathur N D, Sun N X 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 102907
[24]	Fiebig M 2005 J. Phys. D 38 R123
[25]	Eerenstein W, Mathur N D, Scott J F 2006 Nature 442 759
[26]	Nan C W, Bichurin M I, Peterburgskaya B S, Dong S X, Viehland D, Srinivasan G 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 031101
[27]	Shen J X, Cong J Z, Chai Y S, Shang D S, Shen S P, Zhai K, Tian Y, Sun Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 021001
[28]	Park S E, Shrout T R 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 82 1804
[29]	Lee D, Yang M S, Kim T H, Jeon B C, Kim Y S, Yoon J G, Lee H N, Baek S H, Eom C B, Noh T W 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 402
[30]	Shen J X, Cong J Z, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Shen S P, Zhai K, Sun Y 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 34473
[31]	Lu P P, Shang D S, Shen J X, Chai Y S, Yang C S, Zhai K, Cong J Z, Shen S P, Sun Y 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 252902
[32]	Zhai K, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Li G, Cai J W, Shen B G, Sun Y 2018 Adv. Func. Mater. 28 1705771
[33]	Wang J, Meng H, Wang J P 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 10D509
[34]	Khajetoorians A A, Wiebe J, Chilian B, Wiesendanger R 2011 Science 332 1062
[35]	Borghetti J, Snider G S, Kuekes P J, Yang J J, Stewart D R, Williams R S 2010 Nature 464 873
[36]	Wang Z, Zhao W, Kang W, Zhang Y, Klein J O, Ravelosona D, Zhang Y, Chappert C 2014 IEEE Trans. Magn. 50 9100604
[37]	Li Y, Zhong Y P, Deng Y F, Zhou Y X, Xu L, Miao X S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 234503
[38]	Linn E, Rosezin R, Tappertzhofen S, Bttger U, Waser R 2012 Nanotechnology 23 305205
[39]	Siemon A, Breuer T, Aslam N, Ferch S, Kim W, van den Hurk J, Rana V, Hoffmann-Eifert S, Waser R, Menzel S, Linn E 2015 Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 6414
[40]	Shen J X, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Wang Y, Cong J Z, Shen S P, Yan L Q, Wang W H, Sun Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Appl. 6 064028
[41]	Zhou Y, Yang S C, Apo D J, Maurya D, Priya S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 232905
[42]	Cassinerio M, Ciocchini N, Ielmini D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 5975
[43]	Binek C, Doudin B 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 17 L39
[44]	Chen X, Hochstrat A, Borisov P, Kleemann W 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 202508
[45]	Hu J M, Li Z, Lin Y H, Nan C W 2010 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 4 106
[46]	Bi G Q, Poo M M 1998 J. Neurosci. 18 10464
[47]	Mead C 1990 Proc. IEEE 78 1629
[48]	Indiveri G, Chicca E, Douglas R A 2006 IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 17 211
[49]	Yang J J, Strukov D B, Stewart D 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 13
[50]	Jo S H, Chang T, Ebong I, Bhadviya B B, Mazumder P, Lu W 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1297
[51]	Yang C S, Shang D S, Liu N, Shi G, Shen X, Yu R C, Li Y Q, Sun Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700906
[52]	Kuzum D, Yu S, Wong H S P 2013 Nanotechnology 24 382001
[53]	Shen J X, Shang D S, Chai Y S, Wang S G, Shen B G, Sun Y 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1706717

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