量子直接传态

王明宇; 王馨德; 阮东; 龙桂鲁

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210837

摘要

把一个任意量子态在既有噪声又有窃听的信道下安全可靠地传输, 是一个广泛而重要的问题. 现在已有的方法是先传输大量的Einstein- Podolsky- Rosen (EPR)纠缠对, 然后进行纠缠纯化, 获得一对近似完美的纠缠对, 再进行隐形传态或者远程态制备来传输量子态. 本文给出一种直接安全传输量子态的方法, 通过使用量子直接通信, 安全地传输大量同样的任意量子态, 然后利用单量子态的纯化方法, 得到一个近于完美的量子态. 这是一种不需要量子纠缠的量子态安全传输方法, 避免使用纠缠资源. 这种方案是量子隐形传态和远程态制备之外的又一途径. 此外, 这一方案将原来只是用来传输经典信息的量子安全直接通信扩展到传输任意量子态的新领域, 扩大了量子直接通信的用途. 这一方案将在未来量子互联网中有重要的应用.

关键词:

Abstract

Quantum state that carries classical information, 0 or 1, can be safely and reliably transmitted using quantum secure direct communication. How to transmit an arbitrary quantum state is a wider issue and has important applications. One way is to use quantum teleportation, namely, first distribute a large number of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, and then perform entanglement purification to obtain a near-perfect pair, and make quantum teleportation using the pair. In this article, we propose a method that directly port the quantum state with security and reliability using quantum secure direct communication. After sufficient number of copies of the same state have been directly ported, single-particle purification is performed to obtain a near perfect single particle state. This is important because it offers a new method for sending an arbitrary single particle state securely and reliably without using quantum teleportation. It is also an important extension of quantum secure direct communication to send an arbitrary quantum state. Quantum direct portation will have great potential in quantum internet.

Keywords:

quantum direct portation /
quantum secure direct communication /
quantum secure direct state transportation /
single qubit purification

作者及机构信息

1.
清华大学物理系, 低维量子物理国家重点实验室, 北京　100084

2.
清华大学教育部量子信息前沿科学中心, 北京　100084

3.
青岛大学物理科学学院, 青岛　266071

4.
北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京　100193

通信作者: 龙桂鲁, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11974205)、国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(批准号: 2011AA06Z228)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(批准号: 2017YFA0303700)、广东省重点研发领域研发计划(批准号: 2018B030325002)和北京未来高精尖芯片中心资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

2.
Frontiers Science Research Center, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

3.
School of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

4.
Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Corresponding author: Long Gui-Lu, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11974205), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2011AA06Z228), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303700), the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2018B030325002) and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip (ICFC)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

表 1 $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前后序列B中的单光子态(传输任意已知单比特量子态)

Table 1. Single photon states in sequence B before and after $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $ operation in the case of transmitting arbitrary known single qubit.

$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后
$\|0 \rangle$	$ a\|0 \rangle +b\|1 \rangle $
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ -{b}^{*}\left\|0 \rangle +a\right\|1 \rangle $
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a-{b}^{*}\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(a+b\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a+{b}^{*}\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(b-a\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前后序列B中的单光子态和Bob采用的操作(传输赤道态)

Table 2. Single photon states in sequence B before and after $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $ operation in the case of transmitting equatorial state & Bob’s related operations.

$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后	Bob采用的操作
$ \|0 \rangle $	$ \|0 \rangle $	舍弃
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ {{\rm{e}}}^{{\rm{i}}\phi }\|1 \rangle $	舍弃
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })\left(\right\|0 \rangle +{ {\rm{e} } }^{ {\rm{i} }\phi }\|1 \rangle )$	I
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })\left(\right\|0 \rangle -{ {\rm{e} } }^{ {\rm{i} }\phi }\left\|1 \rangle \right)$	Z

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前后序列B中的单光子态和Bob采用的操作(传输实系数态)

Table 3. Single photon states in sequence B before and after $ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $ operation in the case of transmitting real-coefficient state & Bob’s related operations.

$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后	Bob采用的操作
$ \|0 \rangle $	$ a\|0 \rangle +b\|1 \rangle $	I
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ -b\|0 \rangle +a\|1 \rangle $	Y
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a-b\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(a+b\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$	$ ZH $
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a+b\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(b-a\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$	$ XH $

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems & Signal Processing Bangalore, India, December 10–12, 1984 p175
[2]	Zhang G, Haw J Y, Cai H, Xu F, Assad S M, Fitzsimons J F, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Yu S, Wu J, Ser W, Kwek L C, Liu A Q 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 839 Google Scholar
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[43]	Xu X S, Zhang H, Kong X Y, Wang M, Long G L 2020 Photonics Res. 8 490 Google Scholar
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[53]	Feng X L, Qian J, Kwek L C, Oh C H 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 012354 Google Scholar
[54]	van Meter R, Ladd T D, Fowler A G, Yamamoto Y 2010 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 8 295 Google Scholar
[55]	Matsuzaki Y, Benjamin S C, Fitzsimons J 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 010302 Google Scholar
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$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后
$\|0 \rangle$	$ a\|0 \rangle +b\|1 \rangle $
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ -{b}^{*}\left\|0 \rangle +a\right\|1 \rangle $
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a-{b}^{*}\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(a+b\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a+{b}^{*}\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(b-a\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$

$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后	Bob采用的操作
$ \|0 \rangle $	$ \|0 \rangle $	舍弃
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ {{\rm{e}}}^{{\rm{i}}\phi }\|1 \rangle $	舍弃
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })\left(\right\|0 \rangle +{ {\rm{e} } }^{ {\rm{i} }\phi }\|1 \rangle )$	I
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })\left(\right\|0 \rangle -{ {\rm{e} } }^{ {\rm{i} }\phi }\left\|1 \rangle \right)$	Z

$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作前	$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{\varphi } $操作后	Bob采用的操作
$ \|0 \rangle $	$ a\|0 \rangle +b\|1 \rangle $	I
$ \|1 \rangle $	$ -b\|0 \rangle +a\|1 \rangle $	Y
$ \|+ \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a-b\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(a+b\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$	$ ZH $
$ \|- \rangle $	$({1}/{\sqrt{2} })[\left(a+b\right)\left\|0 \rangle +\left(b-a\right)\right\|1 \rangle ]$	$ XH $

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