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为研究非磁性二维范德瓦耳斯异质结吸附磁性原子的诱发磁性机理及磁电子特性, 构键了锑烯(Sb)/WS2异质结, 并考虑Fe 原子的多种吸附. 计算的吸附能表明: TW, TS_m及VSb吸附方式是Fe原子分别吸附于异质结下方、层间以及上方的最可能吸附位置, 产生的磁性与Fe原子被吸附后其电子构型(VEC)扩展以及电荷转移使得电子自旋重排有关. TW, TS_m吸附使无磁半导体性的异质结成为半-半导体(HSC), 而VSb吸附对应双极化磁性半导体(BMS). 特别是, 计算的磁化能表明: 层间TS_m吸附使异质结具有最高的磁稳定性, 足以抵抗常温热起伏对磁性的影响. 量子调控能使异质结产生丰富的磁性, 特别是磁相的灵活改变, 如施加外加电场可使异质结实现HSC, HM(半金属)及BMS等磁相转换, 而垂直应变则可使异质结发生HSC, HM及MM(磁金属)等磁相的转换. 这一研究表明利用异质结能增加过渡金属原子的吸附区域(下方、层间以及上方), 从而产生丰富的磁性, 特别是层间吸附过渡金属, 其磁性的温度稳定性能显著提高.
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关键词:
- 二维范德瓦耳斯异质结 /
- 磁电子特性 /
- 磁稳定性 /
- 量子调控 /
- 磁相转换
To study the induced magnetism mechanism and magneto-electronic properties of non-magnetic two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure adsorbing magnetic atoms, we construct Sb/WS2 heterostructure, and consider its adsorbed Fe atoms. The calculated adsorption energy shows that TW, VSb adsorption are the most likely positions for Fe atom adsorbed below and above the heterostructure, respectively, and TS_M adsorption is the most likely position for Fe atom adsorbed between two monolayers. The induced magnetism is due to the electron-spin rearrangement caused by the expansion of valence electronic configuration (VEC) and charge transfer after Fe atoms have been adsorbed. The TW adsorption and the TS_M adsorption make the nonmagnetic semiconducting heterostructure become a half-semiconductor (HSC), while VSb adsorption turns the heterostructure into a bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS). In particular, the calculated magnetized energy indicates that the interlayer TS_M adsorption leads the heterostructure to holding the highest magnetic stability, which is enough to resist the influence of thermal fluctuation at room temperature. Quantum manipulation can cause the heterostructure to produce abundant magnetism, especially the flexible change of magnetic phase. For example, the application of external electric field can give rise to the magnetic phase transition among HSC, HM (half-metal) and BMS for the heterostructure, and the vertical strain can make the heterostructure realize the magnetic phase transition among HSC, HM and MM (magnetic metal). This study shows that the heterostructure can increase the adsorption region of transition metal atoms (below, interlayer and above), so as to produce rich magnetism, especially for the interlayer adsorption of transition metals, its magnetic stability against temperature is significantly enhanced.-
Keywords:
- two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure /
- magneto-electronic property /
- magnetic stability /
- quantum manipulation /
- magnetic phase transition
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图 1 (a)—(d) 优化之后Sb/WS2异质结的四种堆垛方式的主视图和侧视图; (e) 优化后不同异质结的层间距与结合能; (f) 异质结单胞对应的布里渊区
Fig. 1. (a)–(d) Top and side views of the four stacking patterns of optimized Sb/WS2 heterostructures; (e) the binding energy and interlayer distance of the optimized heterostructures; (f) Brillouin zone corresponding to heterostructure unit-cell.
图 2 PBE计算的(a) Sb单层、(b) WS2单层和(c) Sb/WS2异质结的能带结构; HSE06计算的(d) Sb单层、(e) WS2单层和(f) Sb/WS2异质结的能带结构
Fig. 2. Band structures by PBE calculation: (a) Sb monolayer; (b) WS2 monolayer; (c) Sb/WS2 heterostructure. The band structures by HSE06 calculation: (d) Sb monolayer; (e) WS2 monolayer; (f) Sb/WS2 heterostructure.
图 3 过渡金属原子Fe吸附于Sb/WS2异质结的四个高对称位置 (a) 底层WS2下方; (b) 两单层层间; (c)上层Sb上方
Fig. 3. Four highly symmetrical adsorbed sites of Fe atom for Sb/WS2 heterostructure: (a) Bellow the bottom WS2 monolayer; (b) between two monolayers; (c) above the top Sb monolayer.
图 4 FM态自旋极化密度分布, 对应的吸附方式分别为(a) TW, (b) TS_m, (c) VSb. 等值面取为0.002 e/A3
Fig. 4. Spin-polarized density (magnetic distribution) in the FM state, and corresponding adsorbed manners are: (a) TW; (b) TS_m; (c) VSb. The isosurface is set as 0.002 e/A3.
图 5 对应最稳三种吸附位置的异质结能带结构、态密度以及投影态密度 (a)—(c) 能带结构; (d)—(f) 态密度和投影态密度
Fig. 5. Band structure, density of states and projected density of states of the heterostructures corresponding to three most stable adsorption sites: (a)–(c) Band structure; (d)–(f) density of states and projected density of states.
图 6 (a) 外加电场示意图; (b) 电场能、带隙值及磁性随加电场变化; (c)—(j) Eext = –0.1, –0.3, –0.7, –1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 和1.0 V/Å时的能带结构, 其中图(d)中绿色区域代表该阴影部分的能带放大图
Fig. 6. (a) Schematic diagram of applied external electric field on heterostructure. (b) Electric field energy, band gap, and magnetic phase versus the external electric field. (c)–(j) The band structures for Eext = –0.1, –0.3, –0.7, –1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 V/Å, where the green region in panel (d) represents the enlarged partial band structure.
图 7 (a)施加的拉力与压力示意图; (b) 应变能、带隙及磁相随应变变化; (c)—(f) ε = –0.3, 0.2, 0.35 和 0.4 Å时的能带结构, 其中图(e)与图(f)中绿色区域代表该部分的能带放大图
Fig. 7. (a) Schematic diagram of stretching and compressing heterostructure; (b) the strain energy, band gap and magnetic phase as versus strain; (c)–(f) band structure at ε = –0.3, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.4 Å, where the green region in panel (e) and (f) represent the enlarged partial band structure.
表 1 磁矩、TM原子电子构型、电荷转移和磁化能. μ0 为孤立Fe原子的磁矩, μ为Fe原子吸附后磁矩, 括号中M为超元胞磁矩. VEC 为孤立Fe原子价电子构型(valence electron configuration), VEC*为Fe原子吸附后价电子构型. ΔQ为吸附之后Fe原子所转移的电荷, “–”代表 Fe原子失去电荷. EM为磁化能
Table 1. Magnetic moment, electron configuration of TM atom, charge transfer and magnetization energy. μ0 is the magnetic moment of isolated Fe atoms, μ is the magnetic moment after adsorption of Fe atoms, M in parentheses is the magnetic moment of the supercell. VEC is the valence electron configuration of isolated Fe atoms, and VEC* is the valence electron configuration of Fe atoms after adsorption. ΔQ is the charge transferred by Fe atom after adsorption, where “–” means that the Fe atom loses its charge. EM is the magnetization energy.
Adsorbed site μ0/μB μ/μB (M/μB) VEC VEC* ΔQ/|e| EM/meV TW 4 2.002 (2.023) 3d/4s
6/23d/4s/4p
6.923/0.354/0.304–0.423 75.3 TS_m 4 2.002 (2.290) 3d/4s
6/23d/4s/4p
7.011/0.568/0.304–0.119 146.46 VSb 4 2.004 (2.313) 3d/4s
6/23d/4s/4p
7.030/0.577/0.330–0.065 10.02 
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[1] Geim A K, Grigorieva I V 2013 Nature 499 419
Google Scholar
[2] Li X M, Tao L, Chen Z F, Fang H, Li X S, Wang X R, Xu J B, Zhu H W 2017 Appl. Phys. Rev. 4 021306
Google Scholar
[3] Novoselov K S, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, Neto A H C 2016 Science 353 aac9439
Google Scholar
[4] Shang J M, Pan L F, Wang X T, Li J B, Deng H X, Wei Z M 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 7201
Google Scholar
[5] Idrees M, Fawad M, Bilal M, Saeed Y, Nguyen C, Amin B 2020 RSC Adv. 10 25801
Google Scholar
[6] Ozcelik V O, Azadani J G, Yang C, Koester S J, Low T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 035125
Google Scholar
[7] Liu C H, Clark G, Fryett T, Wu S F, Zheng J J, Hatami F, Xu X D, Majumdar A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 200
Google Scholar
[8] Binder J, Withers F, Molas M R, Faugeras C, Nogajewski K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kozikov A, Geim A K, Novoselov K S, Potemski M 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1425
Google Scholar
[9] He X, Deng X Q, Sun L, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 578 151844
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[10] Huang L, Huo N J, Li Y, Chen H, Yang J H, Wei Z M, Li J B, Li S S 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 2483
Google Scholar
[11] Xiao W Z, Xu L, Rong Q Y, Dai X Y, Cheng C P, Wang L L 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 504 144425
Google Scholar
[12] Huang L, Li Y, Wei Z M, Li J B 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 16448
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[13] Lei C G, Ma Y D, Xu X L, Zhang T, Huang B B, Dai Y 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 23089
Google Scholar
[14] Yan R S, Fathipour S, Han Y M, Song B, Xiao S D, Li M D, Ma N, Protasenko V, Muller D A, Jena D, Xing H G 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5791
Google Scholar
[15] Shim J, Oh S, Kang D H, Jo S H, Ali M H, Choi W Y, Heo K, Jeon J, Lee S, Kim M, Song Y J, Park J H 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13413
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Google Scholar
[20] Luo M, Xu Y E, Song Y X 2018 J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 31 449
Google Scholar
[21] Ding Y M, Shi J J, Zhang M, Zhu Y H, Wu M, Wang H, Cen Y L, Guo W H, Pan S H 2018 Physica E 101 245
Google Scholar
[22] Chen HL, Han J N, Deng X Q, Fan Z Q, Sun L, Zhang Z H 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 598 153756
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[24] Hu R, Wang D, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H 2018 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 13574
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[31] Grimme S 2006 J. Comput. Chem. 27 1787
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[34] 吴甜, 姚梦丽, 龙孟秋 2021 物理学报 70 056301
Google Scholar
Wu T, Yao M L, Long M Q 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 056301
Google Scholar
[35] Gong P, Yang Y Y, Ma W D, Fang X Y, Jing X L, Jia Y H, Cao M S 2021 Physica E 128 114578
Google Scholar
[36] Xie Z J, Zhang B, Ge Y Q, Zhu Y, Nie G H, Song Y F, Lim C K, Zhang H, Prasad P N 2021 Chem. Rev. 122 1127
Google Scholar
[37] He X, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H 2020 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22 23665
Google Scholar
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