锆基非晶合金的动态弛豫和应力松弛

黄蓓蓓; 郝奇; 吕国建; 乔吉超

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230181

摘要

非晶合金动态弛豫、变形和微观结构非均匀性之间的关联是非晶态物理领域重要研究内容之一. 本文选取玻璃形成能力优良, 热稳定性好的Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金作为研究载体, 借助于动态力学分析及应力松弛实验探究了温度和结构弛豫对非晶合金动态弛豫和变形行为的影响. 研究结果表明非晶合金动态弛豫行为对温度极其敏感, 随温度升高表现为等构型、老化、玻璃转变和晶化4个阶段. 基于玻璃转变温度之下等温测试, 结构弛豫行为导致非平衡高能量状态非晶合金向低能量状态迁移, 内耗随时间演化规律可用Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW)扩展指数方程描述. 此外, 基于KWW方程和激活能谱等方法分析了模型合金应力松弛过程中非均匀结构激活, 该过程涉及弹性变形向非弹性变形的转变. 由于非晶合金存在微观尺度的结构非均匀性与能量起伏, 变形单元的激活并非为单一特征时间, 而是服从一定分布. 通过考虑对数时间尺度和变形单元激活的特征时间分布分别为对称Gauss分布和非对称Gumbel分布, 可重构应力松弛响应的非均匀激活过程.

关键词:

Abstract

The relationship among dynamic relaxation, deformation and microstructural heterogeneity of amorphous alloy is one of the important research contents in the field of amorphous physics. In this paper, we utilize Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ bulk amorphous alloy with excellent glass forming capability and good thermal stability as a research carrier, and investigate the effects of temperature and structural relaxation on dynamic relaxation and deformation behavior through dynamic mechanical analysis and stress relaxation experiments. The results show that the dynamic relaxation spectrum of the model alloy is sensitive to temperature, showing four stages as the temperature increases, namely, iso configuration, aging, glass transition and crystallization. Based on the isothermal measurement of dynamic mechanical parameters under the glass transition temperature, the structural relaxation causes the amorphous alloy to migrate from the non-equilibrium high energy state to the low energy state, and the evolution of internal friction with aging time can be described by Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) stretched exponential function. In addition, based on the KWW equation and activation energy spectrum, the activation of heterogeneous structure in the stress relaxation process of model alloy is analyzed, which involves the transformation from elastic deformation to nonelastic deformation. Owing to the microstructural heterogeneity and energy fluctuations in amorphous alloys, the activation of deformation units is not a single characteristic time, but follows a certain distribution. By considering that the characteristic time distribution of activation of deformation units is symmetric Gauss distribution or asymmetric Gumbel distribution on a logarithmic time scale, the heterogeneous activation process in stress relaxation response can be reconstructed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西北工业大学材料学院, 西安　710072

2.
西北工业大学力学与土木建筑学院, 西安　710072

通信作者: 吕国建, guojian.lyu@nwpu.edu.cn ; 乔吉超, qjczy@nwpu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51971178, 52271153)和陕西省杰出青年基金(批准号: 2021JC-12)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

2.
School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Lyu Guo-Jian, guojian.lyu@nwpu.edu.cn ; Qiao Ji-Chao, qjczy@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51971178, 52271153) and the Outstanding Youth Fund of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JC-12).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Suryanarayana C, Inoue A 2017 Bulk Metallic Glasses (Boca Raton: CRC Press) pp465–503
[2]	汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177 Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177
[3]	Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487 Google Scholar
[4]	Inoue A, Takeuchi A 2011 Acta Mater. 59 2243 Google Scholar
[5]	Khmich A, Hassani A, Sbiaai K, Hasnaoui A 2021 Int. J. Mech. Sci. 204 106546 Google Scholar
[6]	曹庆平, 吕林波, 王晓东, 蒋建中 2021 金属学报 57 473 Google Scholar Cao Q P, Lü L B, Wang X D, Z J J 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 473 Google Scholar
[7]	李宁, 黄信 2021 金属学报 57 529 Google Scholar Li N, Huang X 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 529 Google Scholar
[8]	毕甲紫, 刘晓斌, 李然, 张涛 2021 金属学报 57 559 Google Scholar Bi J Z, Liu X B, Li R, Z T 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 559 Google Scholar
[9]	Sun Q, Hu L, Zhou C, Zheng H, Yue Y 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 143 164504 Google Scholar
[10]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2014 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30 523 Google Scholar
[11]	Qiao J C, Wang Q, Crespo D, Yang Y, Pelletier J M 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 16402 Google Scholar
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[13]	Hao Q, Lyu G J, Pineda E, Pelletier J M, Wang Y J, Yang Y, Qiao J C 2022 Int. J. Plast. 154 103288 Google Scholar
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[15]	Zhang L T, Wang Y J, Pineda E, Yang Y, Qiao J C 2022 Int. J. Plast. 157 103402 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang Q, Pelletier J M, Blandin J J, Suéry M 2005 J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 351 2224 Google Scholar
[17]	Perez J 1998 Physics and Mechanics of Amorphous Polymers (London: Routledge) p5
[18]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M, Yao Y 2019 Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 743 185 Google Scholar
[19]	Harmon J S, Demetriou M D, Johnson W L, Samwer K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 135502 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang W H. 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 106 100561 Google Scholar
[21]	乔吉超, 张浪渟, 童钰, 吕国建, 郝奇, 陶凯 2022 力学进展 52 117 Google Scholar Qiao J C, Zhang L T, Tong Y, Lyu G J, Hao Q, T K 2022 Adv. Mech. 52 117 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, Song S, Tian Y, Han J, Fujita T, Chen M 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 215501 Google Scholar
[23]	Kubin P L 1974 Philos. Mag. 30 705 Google Scholar
[24]	Jiao W, Wen P, Peng H L, Bai H Y, Sun B A, Wang W H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 101903 Google Scholar
[25]	Argon A S, Kuo H Y 1979 Mater. Sci. Eng. 39 101 Google Scholar
[26]	Ruta B, Pineda E, Evenson Z 2017 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29 503002 Google Scholar
[27]	Duan Y J, Zhang L T, Qiao J C, Wang, Yun Jiang, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier J M, Pineda E, Crespo D 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 175501 Google Scholar
[28]	Ferry J D 1980 Viscoelastics Properties of Polymers (New York: Wiley) pp183–200
[29]	Rinaldi R, Gaertner R, Chazeau L, Gauthier C 2011 Int. Non-Linear Mech. 46 496 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈在3 K/min升温速率下DSC曲线

Fig. 1. DSC curve of Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ metallic glass with a heating rate of 3 K/min.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金归一化储能模量E'/E_μ和损耗模量E''/E_μ温度演化曲线

Fig. 2. Temperature evolution curve of the normalized storage modulus of Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ metallic glass E'/E_μ and loss modulus E''/E_μ of bulk amorphous alloy.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金在658 K温度下归一化储能模量E'/E_μ和损耗模量E''/E_μ随时间演化曲线

Fig. 3. Time evolution curves of normalized storage modulus E'/E_μ and loss modulus E''/E_μ of Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ bulk amorphous alloy at 658 K.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金在一定退火温度下内耗tanδ随时间演化

Fig. 4. Evolution of internal friction tanδ with time in bulk amorphous alloys of Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ at certain annealing temperatures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金在不同温度下应力松弛响应

Fig. 5. Stress relaxation curves of Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ metallic glass in different temperatures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈非晶合金在不同温度下应力降随时间演化规律

Fig. 6. Evolution of stress drop with time for Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ metallic glass at different temperatures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 (6)式中应力松弛激活体积与特征时间随温度演化

Fig. 7. Evolution of activation volume and characteristic time fitting by Eq. (6).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈非晶合金激活能谱随温度演化规律

Fig. 8. Evolution of activation energy spectrum of metallic glass Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ with temperature.

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图 9 Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈非晶合金在初始应变为0.4%, 不同温度下(523—643 K)归一化应力随时间演化曲线

Fig. 9. Time evolution curve of normalized stress of Zr₄₈ (Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈ metallic glass at different temperatures (523–643 K) with initial strain of 0.4%.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 (8)式中应力松弛特征时间与扩展指数随温度演化

Fig. 10. Evolution of characteristic time and stretched exponent fitting by Eq. (8).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 643 K应力松弛曲线计算　(a) Gauss正态分布; (b) Gumbel分布

Fig. 11. Calculated curves of stress relaxation at 643 K: (a) Gauss distribution; (b) Gumbel distribution.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Suryanarayana C, Inoue A 2017 Bulk Metallic Glasses (Boca Raton: CRC Press) pp465–503
[2]	汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177 Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177
[3]	Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487 Google Scholar
[4]	Inoue A, Takeuchi A 2011 Acta Mater. 59 2243 Google Scholar
[5]	Khmich A, Hassani A, Sbiaai K, Hasnaoui A 2021 Int. J. Mech. Sci. 204 106546 Google Scholar
[6]	曹庆平, 吕林波, 王晓东, 蒋建中 2021 金属学报 57 473 Google Scholar Cao Q P, Lü L B, Wang X D, Z J J 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 473 Google Scholar
[7]	李宁, 黄信 2021 金属学报 57 529 Google Scholar Li N, Huang X 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 529 Google Scholar
[8]	毕甲紫, 刘晓斌, 李然, 张涛 2021 金属学报 57 559 Google Scholar Bi J Z, Liu X B, Li R, Z T 2021 Acta. Metall. Sin. 57 559 Google Scholar
[9]	Sun Q, Hu L, Zhou C, Zheng H, Yue Y 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 143 164504 Google Scholar
[10]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2014 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30 523 Google Scholar
[11]	Qiao J C, Wang Q, Crespo D, Yang Y, Pelletier J M 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 16402 Google Scholar
[12]	Schuh C A, Hufnagel T C, Ramamurty U 2007 Acta Mater. 55 4067 Google Scholar
[13]	Hao Q, Lyu G J, Pineda E, Pelletier J M, Wang Y J, Yang Y, Qiao J C 2022 Int. J. Plast. 154 103288 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhang L T, Duan Y J, Crespo D, Pineda E, Wang Y J, Pelletier J M, Qiao J C 2021 Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 64 296111 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhang L T, Wang Y J, Pineda E, Yang Y, Qiao J C 2022 Int. J. Plast. 157 103402 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang Q, Pelletier J M, Blandin J J, Suéry M 2005 J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 351 2224 Google Scholar
[17]	Perez J 1998 Physics and Mechanics of Amorphous Polymers (London: Routledge) p5
[18]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M, Yao Y 2019 Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 743 185 Google Scholar
[19]	Harmon J S, Demetriou M D, Johnson W L, Samwer K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 135502 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang W H. 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 106 100561 Google Scholar
[21]	乔吉超, 张浪渟, 童钰, 吕国建, 郝奇, 陶凯 2022 力学进展 52 117 Google Scholar Qiao J C, Zhang L T, Tong Y, Lyu G J, Hao Q, T K 2022 Adv. Mech. 52 117 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, Song S, Tian Y, Han J, Fujita T, Chen M 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 215501 Google Scholar
[23]	Kubin P L 1974 Philos. Mag. 30 705 Google Scholar
[24]	Jiao W, Wen P, Peng H L, Bai H Y, Sun B A, Wang W H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 101903 Google Scholar
[25]	Argon A S, Kuo H Y 1979 Mater. Sci. Eng. 39 101 Google Scholar
[26]	Ruta B, Pineda E, Evenson Z 2017 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29 503002 Google Scholar
[27]	Duan Y J, Zhang L T, Qiao J C, Wang, Yun Jiang, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier J M, Pineda E, Crespo D 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 175501 Google Scholar
[28]	Ferry J D 1980 Viscoelastics Properties of Polymers (New York: Wiley) pp183–200
[29]	Rinaldi R, Gaertner R, Chazeau L, Gauthier C 2011 Int. Non-Linear Mech. 46 496 Google Scholar

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锆基非晶合金的动态弛豫和应力松弛