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近玻尔速度能区高电荷态离子在稠密等离子体中的能量损失是强流重离子束驱动的高能量密度物理等前沿研究中的核心物理问题之一. 基于中国科学院近代物理研究所的320 kV实验平台, 新建立了一套近玻尔速度能区离子束与激光等离子体相互作用的实验研究装置, 用于开展高精度的离子能量损失和电荷态研究. 本文将详细介绍该装置的特点, 包括脉冲离子束(≥ 200 ns)的产生与调控、高密度(1017—1021 cm–3)激光等离子体靶的制备、等离子体参数诊断与离子的高精度测量(＜ 1%)等. 基于该装置已开展了百keV的质子束和4 MeV的 Xe15+离子束与激光Al等离子体靶相互作用的实验, 并取得了相应的结果. 本实验装置能够为中国在近玻尔速度能区高电荷离子与稠密激光等离子体相互作用研究提供高精度的实验数据, 以促进理论工作的发展.Ion energy loss in the interaction between highly charged ions and dense plasma near Bohr velocity energy region is one of the important physical problems in the field of high-energy density physics driven by intense heavy ion beams. Based on the 320 kV experimental platform at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a new experimental setup was built for the research of interaction between ions and laser-produced plasma near the Bohr velocity, where the ion energy loss and charge state distribution can be experimentally investigated. In this paper we introduce the new setup in detail, including the generation and controlling of pulsed ion beam ( ≥ 200 ns); the preparation of high-density laser plasma target (1017—1021 cm–3); the diagnostics of plasma and the developed high energy resolution ion measurement system (< 1%). In the experiment, the charge distribution of Xe15+ ions with 4 MeV penetrating through the laser-produced Al plasma target is measured. The charge-state analysis device observes different results without and with the plasma, in which the outgoing Xe ion charge-state changes correspondingly from the 15+ to 10+, thus the electron capture process is believed to be dominant. In addition, the proton energy loss is also measured by using the magnetic spectrometer, showing that the experimental energy loss is about 2.0 keV, 30% higher than those theoretical predictions , which can be attributed to the fact that in the near Bohr velocity energy regime, the first-order Born approximation condition is not valid, thus the Bethe model and SSM model are inapplicable to the experimental results. In future, a systematic study will be performed based on our ions-plasma ineteraction setup, and the energy loss and charge state data will be introduced.
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Keywords:
- near Bohr velocity energy region /
- highly charged ions /
- laser-produced plasma /
- energy loss /
- energy loss model
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图 1 NBVER离子束与LPP相互作用实验装置
Fig. 1. Experimental set-ups of ions beam LPP interaction in the NBVER.
图 2 LPPT产生与匹配的等离子体诊断系统示意图(ICCD, 光谱仪的一个单元)
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of producing the LPPT and matching the plasma diagnostics system (ICCD, a unit of the spectrometer).
图 4 离子束与LPPT相互作用的高精度空间耦合调控
Fig. 4. High precision spatial coupling control of ion beam interaction with LPPT.
图 7 实验装置各单元的时序控制关系图 (a) 实验系统时空耦合关系; (b) 时序控制逻辑顺序
Fig. 7. Triger sequences control diagram of each unit of experimental apparatus: (a) Spatio-temporal coupling of the experimental system; (b) sequence control logic sequence.
图 8 利用在线等离子体诊断装置获取的激光Al等离子体靶相关参数演化信息 (a)等离子体羽的空间分布; (b)光谱法与激光光纤干涉法分别诊断得到的等离子体的平均自由电子密度; (c)光谱法诊断得到的等离子体靶区的平均温度
Fig. 8. Evolution of the laser-produced Al plasma target related parameters obtained by online plasma diagnostic device: (a) Spatial distribution of plasma-plume; (b) plasma diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy and laser fiber interferometer, respectively; (c) average temperature of plasma target diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy.
图 9 电荷态分析装置测量的Xe15+离子在有/无激光Al等离子体靶条件下的电荷态分布结果
Fig. 9. Charge state distributions of Xe15+ ions with/without the laser-produced Al plasma target conditions measured by the charge state analysis device.
图 10 磁能谱仪测量的质子在有/无激光Al等离子体靶条件下能谱结果 (a)图像结果; (b)数据结果
Fig. 10. Energy spectrum of proton with/without laser-produced Al plasma target conditions measured by the magnetic energy spectrometer: (a) Image results; (b) data results.
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[1] Hofmann I 2018 MRE 3 1
Google Scholar
[2] Tahir N A, Shutov A, Neumayer P, Bagnoud V, Piriz A R, Lomonosov I V, Piriz S A 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 032712
Google Scholar
[3] McMahon J M, Morales M A, Pierleoni C, Ceperley D M 2012 Rev. Modern Phys. 84 1607
Google Scholar
[4] Zhao Y T, Cheng R, Wang Y Y, Zhou X M, Lei Y, Sun Y B, Xu G, Ren J R, Sheng L N, Zhang Z M, Xiao G Q 2014 High Power Laser Sci. Engine. 2 1
Google Scholar
[5] 任洁茹, 王佳乐, 陈本正等 2021 强激光与粒子束 33 012005
Google Scholar
Ren J R, Wang J L, Chen B Z, et al. 2021 High Power Laser Part. Beams 33 012005
Google Scholar
[6] Schoenberg K, Bagnoud V, Blazevic A, et al. 2020 Phys. Plasmas 27 043103
Google Scholar
[7] 赵永涛, 肖国青, 李福利 2016 物理 45 98
Google Scholar
Zhao Y T, Xiao G Q, Li F L 2016 Physics 45 98
Google Scholar
[8] 程锐, 张晟, 申国栋等 2020 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 11 112011
Google Scholar
Cheng R, Zhang S, Shen G D, et al. 2020 Sci. Sin. Phys. Mech. Astron. 11 112011
Google Scholar
[9] 赵永涛, 张子民, 程锐等 2020 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 11 112004
Google Scholar
Zhao Y T, Zhang Z M, Cheng R, et al. 2020 Sci. Sin. Phys. Mech. Astron. 11 112004
Google Scholar
[10] Ni P, Hoffmann D, Kulish M, Nikolaev D, Tahir N A, Udrea S, Varentsov D, Wahl H 2006 J. Phys. IV France. 133 977
Google Scholar
[11] Mintsev V, Kim V, Lomonosov I, Nikolaev D, Ostrik A, Shilkin N, Shutov A, Ternovoi V, Yuriev D, Fortov V, Golubev A, Kantsyrev A, Varentsov D, Hoffmann D 2016 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 56 281
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[14] Ren J R, Deng Z G, Qi W, et al. 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 5157
Google Scholar
[15] Roth M, Stöckl C, Süss W, Iwase O, Gericke D O, Bock R, Hoffmann D, Geissel M, Seelig W 2000 Europhys. Lett. 50 28
Google Scholar
[16] Frank A, Blazevic A, Grande P L, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 026401
Google Scholar
[17] Frank A, Blazevic A, Bagnoud V, Basko M M, Börner M, Cayzac W, Kraus D, Heßling T, Hoffmann D, Ortner A, Otten A, Pelka A, Pepler D, Schumacher D, Tauschwitz An, Roth M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 115001
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[19] Cayzac W, Frank A, Ortner A, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15693
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[21] Cheng R, Zhou X M, Wang Y Y, Lei Y, Chen Y H, Ma X W, Xiao G Q, Zhao Y T, Ren J R, Huo D, Peng H, Savin S, Gavrilin R, Roudskoy I, Golubev A 2018 Laser Part. Beams 36 98
Google Scholar
[22] Zhao Y T, Zhang Y N, Cheng R, He B, Liu C L, Zhou X M, Lei Y, Wang Y Y, Ren J R, Wang X, Chen Y H, Xiao G Q, Savin S M, Gavrilin R, Golubev A A, Hoffmann D 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 115001
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[23] Lei Y, Cheng R, Zhao Y T, Zhou X M, Wang Y Y, Chen Y H, Wang Z, Zhou Z X, Yang J, Ma X W 2021 Laser Part. Beams 2021 1
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[28] Zhou Z X, Guo B, Cheng R, et al. 2022 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 1026 166191
Google Scholar
[29] Vernhet D, Adoui L, Rozet J P, Wohrer K, Chetioui A, Cassimi A, Grandin J P, Ramillon J M, Cornille M, Stephan C 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 3625
Google Scholar
[30] Peter T, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 1991 Phys. Rev. A 43 1998
Google Scholar
[31] Li C K, Petrasso R D 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 3059
Google Scholar
[32] Schlanges M, Gericke D O 1999 Phys. Rev. E 60 904
Google Scholar
[33] Gericke D O, Schlanges M 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 037401
Google Scholar
[34] Zhang S, Chen C, Lan T, et al. 2020 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91 063501
Google Scholar
[35] Lan T, Zhang S, Ding W X, et al. 2021 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92 093506
Google Scholar
[36] 骆夏晖, 程锐, 王国东, 周泽贤, 王昭, 杨杰 2022 原子核物理评论 39 490
Google Scholar
Luo X H, Cheng R, Wang G D, Zhou Z X, Wang Z, Yang J 2022 Nucl. Phys. Rev. 39 490
Google Scholar
[37] 曹世权, 苏茂根, 赵环昱, 张俊杰, 敏琦, 孙对兄, 何思奇, 赵红卫, 董晨钟 2022 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 50 065202
Cao S Q, Su M G, Zhao H Y, Zhang J J, Min Q, Sun D X, He S Q, Zhao H W, Dong C Z 2022 Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 50 065202
[38] Tolstikhina I Y, Shevelko V P 2018 Physics-Uspekhi 61 247
Google Scholar
[39] Bethe H 1930 Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) 397 325
Google Scholar
[40] Gardes D, Servajean A, Kubica B, Fleurier C, Hong D, Deutsch C, Maynard G 1992 Phys. Rev. A 46 5101
Google Scholar
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