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γ全吸收型探测装置由40个BaF2探测单元组成，用于在线测量中子辐射俘获反应截面数据，填补国内实验数据的空白。实验本底的一个重要来源是BaF2晶体自身包含的α粒子。为扣除α粒子本底，数据获取系统采用全波形采集的方式，在线实验存储的数据量为118 MB/s，产生了较大的死时间。利用BaF2探测单元测量三种放射源（22Na、137Cs及60Co）的实验数据，确定了信号波形的积分长度为2000 ns时，能够达到最佳能量分辨率；使用快总成分比、脉冲宽度和时间衰减常数三种方法进行α粒子和γ射线的鉴别，计算得到快总成分比（快成分5 ns总成分200 ns）方法的品质因子为1.19~1.41，脉冲宽度（10%峰值）方法的品质因子为0.94~1.04，时间衰减常数方法的品质因子为0.93~1.07。通过品质因子的定量分析和能谱的比较，确定快总成分比鉴别方法效果最好，能够有效去除α粒子本底，为下一步升级数据获取系统，减少实验数据量，降低截面数据不确定度奠定基础。The Gamma-ray Total Absorption Facility (GTAF), which is composed of 40 BaF2 detection units, is designed to measure the cross section data of neutron radiation capture reaction online, in order to comply the experimental nuclear data sheet. Since 2019, several formidable experiment results have been analyzed and published where we consumed that one of the most important sources of experimental background is initial α particles emitted from the BaF2 crystal, the core component of the detection unit in GTAF, itself.
The development of data analysis algorithms to eliminate the influence of alpha particles in experimental data has become a key aspect, considering the current industrial manufacturing process capabilities, impurities Ra, and its compound, cannot be completely removed from the BaF2. In this paper, to fulfill the need of data collect, online measurement and analysis of neutron radiation cross section, the data acquisition system of GTAF adopts the method of full waveform acquisition, resulting in a substantial amount of data recorded, transmitted, and stored during experiment, which also affects the uncertainty of the cross-section data. The amount of data stored in the online experiment is about 118 MB/s, resulting in a large dead time.
Based on the signal waveform characteristics of the BaF2 detection unit, to address the aforementioned issues, three methods, namely the ratio of fast to total component, pulse width, and time decay constant, are employed to identify and discriminate α particles and γ rays, with the quality factor FOM utilized as an evaluation value and several experiments using three radioactive sources (22Na, 137C, 60Co) used to verify.
Due to the slow components of BaF2 light decay time being about 620 ns, the waveform pulse should essentially return to baseline at approximately 1900 ns to 2000 ns, allowing for the complete waveform of the γ rays signal to be captured at that moment, which might provide the best energy resolution. Therefore, in the online experiment, the integration length for the energy spectrum is chosen to be 2000 ns in this paper.
The quality factors of fast total component ratio (fast component 5 ns, total component 200 ns) method are 1.19~1.41, pulse width (10% peak) method are 0.94~1.04, and time attenuation constant method are 0.93~1.07. Through the quantitative analysis of quality factor and the comparison of energy spectrum, it is determined that the fast total component ratio method has the best effect, which can effectively remove the background of α particles.
The next step is to upgrade the online experimental data acquisition system to reduce the amount of experimental data and the uncertainty of cross section data. The experiment data need to be recorded should be the crossing threshold time for each signal waveform (for the time-of-flight method) and the amplitude integration value of 5 ns after the threshold (for the fast component), of 200 ns after the threshold (for the total component) and of 2000 ns (for the energy), as well as the related detection unit number. These mentioned information should be sufficient to complete the online experimental data online processing, including processing the α particle background and (n,γ) reactions data. It is estimated that the data acquisition rate of the upgraded system will decrease from 118 MB/s to 24 MB/s, which can significantly reduce the dead time of the data acquisition system and thereby improve the accuracy of cross section data. -
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