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Acoustic signal is used to study the mechanical properties of dense granular system under direct shear. In the process of direct shearing, it is found that the velocity of the sound wave decreases rapidly with the increase of shear stress. After the yield point of stress, with the increase of strain, the velocity of the propagating wave decreases gradually and attains a constant. The net reduction in velocity is found to be less than 20%, which differs from the fact that acoustic wave (especially the transverse wave) could not propagate through the shear band. This is because the direct shear strain rate is far smaller than the frequency of sound wave, and particles under shear can be regarded as quasi-static elastic-plastic solid. Effective medium theory and granular dlastic theory are employed for explaining these results.
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Keywords:
- granular solid /
- direct shear /
- shear band /
- sound velocity
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[3] Liu C H, Nagel S R, Schecter D A 1995 Science 269 5223
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[7] Liu C H, Nagel S R 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15646
[8] Liu C H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 782
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[15] Khidas Y, Jia X P In: Nakagawa M, Luding S (editors) 2009 Powders {& Grains} 1145 259
[16] Digby P J 1981 J. Appl. Mech. 48 803
[17] Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 061302
[18] Velicky B, Caroli C 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 021307
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[20] Khidas Y, Jia X P 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 021303
[21] Song C M, Wang P, Makse H A 2008 Nature 453 629
[22] Cui L, Sullivan C O 2006 Geotechnique 56 455
[23] Duffy J, Mindlin R D 1957 J. Appl. Mech. 24 585
[24] Bi Z W, Sun Q C, Liu J G, Jin F, Zhang C H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 034502 (in Chinese) [毕忠伟, 孙其诚, 刘建国, 金峰, 张楚汉 2011 物理学报 60 034502]
[25] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2009 Granular Matter 11 139
[26] Mayer M, Liu M 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 042301
[27] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 144301
[28] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 105501
[29] Zhang Q, Hou M Y, Jiang Y M, Liu M 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 031306
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[1] Jaeger H M, Nagel S R, Behringer R P 1996 Rev. Mod. Phys. 68 1259
[2] Travers T, Ammi M, Bideau D, Gervois A 1987 Europhys. Lett. 4 329
[3] Liu C H, Nagel S R, Schecter D A 1995 Science 269 5223
[4] Majmudar T S, Behringer R P 2005 Nature 435 1079
[5] Lasic S, Stepisnik J, Mohoric A 2006 Europhys. Lett. 6 887
[6] Liu C H, Nagel S R 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 2301
[7] Liu C H, Nagel S R 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15646
[8] Liu C H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 782
[9] Jia X P, Caroli C, Velicky B 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1863
[10] Jia X P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 154303
[11] Jia X P, Laurent J, Khidas Y, Langlois V 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 4327
[12] Tournat V, Gusev V 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 011306
[13] Inserra C, Tournat V, Gusev V 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 191916
[14] Bonneau L, Catelin-Jullien T, Andreotti B 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 011309
[15] Khidas Y, Jia X P In: Nakagawa M, Luding S (editors) 2009 Powders {& Grains} 1145 259
[16] Digby P J 1981 J. Appl. Mech. 48 803
[17] Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 061302
[18] Velicky B, Caroli C 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 021307
[19] Johnson D L, Schwartz L M, Elata D, Berryman J G, Hornby B, Norris A N 1998 J. Appl. Mech. 65 380
[20] Khidas Y, Jia X P 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 021303
[21] Song C M, Wang P, Makse H A 2008 Nature 453 629
[22] Cui L, Sullivan C O 2006 Geotechnique 56 455
[23] Duffy J, Mindlin R D 1957 J. Appl. Mech. 24 585
[24] Bi Z W, Sun Q C, Liu J G, Jin F, Zhang C H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 034502 (in Chinese) [毕忠伟, 孙其诚, 刘建国, 金峰, 张楚汉 2011 物理学报 60 034502]
[25] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2009 Granular Matter 11 139
[26] Mayer M, Liu M 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 042301
[27] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 144301
[28] Jiang Y M, Liu M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 105501
[29] Zhang Q, Hou M Y, Jiang Y M, Liu M 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 031306
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