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The close displacement of ultra high frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) tags can be considered as an electromagnetically interconnected system which causes the mutual coupling effect among antennas of tags, thereby resulting in change in impedance matching condition. Based on the principles of RFID technology and Friis propagation equation, a link budget model of UHF RFID is provided which consists of one reader and one tag. Expressions of mutual impedance in dense environments are derived by using a two-port network. Utilizing the parameters of power transmission coefficient and modulation factor, the variation of system performance is discussed in theory and tested by three experiments which are conducted in open indoor environment. The measurement results show that the change rate of minimum power transmitted by the reader antenna is in a range from -7% to 11.6% for two-tag scene and from -10% to 12.5% for two-plane arrangement.
[1] Marrocco G 2011 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1019
[2] Nikitin P V, Rao K V S 2006 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 48 212
[3] Tang Z J, He Y G 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5126 (in Chinese) [唐志军, 何怡刚 2009 物理学报 58 5126]
[4] Hou Z G, He Y G, Li B, She K, Zhu Y Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5606 (in Chinese) [侯周国, 何怡刚, 李兵, 佘开, 朱彦卿 2010 物理学报 59 5606]
[5] Li B, He Y G, Hou Z G, She K, Zuo L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084202 (in Chinese) [李兵, 何怡刚, 侯周国, 佘开, 佐磊 2011 物理学报 60 084202]
[6] Baker H, LaGrone A H 1962 IEEE IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 10 172
[7] Alexopoulos N G, Rana I E 1981 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 29 106
[8] Weigand S M, Dobkin D M 2006 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Society Int. Symp. Albuquerque, USA July 9-14, 2006 p1027
[9] Nikitin P V, Rao K V S 2009 IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56 2374
[10] Dobkin D M 2007 The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in Practice (Burlington: Elsevier) p305
[11] Balanis C A 2005 Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design (3rd Ed.) (Hoboken: Wiley) p468
[12] Lu F, Chen X S, Ye T T 2009 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, Orlando, USA, April 27-28, 2009 p330
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[1] Marrocco G 2011 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1019
[2] Nikitin P V, Rao K V S 2006 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 48 212
[3] Tang Z J, He Y G 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5126 (in Chinese) [唐志军, 何怡刚 2009 物理学报 58 5126]
[4] Hou Z G, He Y G, Li B, She K, Zhu Y Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5606 (in Chinese) [侯周国, 何怡刚, 李兵, 佘开, 朱彦卿 2010 物理学报 59 5606]
[5] Li B, He Y G, Hou Z G, She K, Zuo L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084202 (in Chinese) [李兵, 何怡刚, 侯周国, 佘开, 佐磊 2011 物理学报 60 084202]
[6] Baker H, LaGrone A H 1962 IEEE IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 10 172
[7] Alexopoulos N G, Rana I E 1981 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 29 106
[8] Weigand S M, Dobkin D M 2006 Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Society Int. Symp. Albuquerque, USA July 9-14, 2006 p1027
[9] Nikitin P V, Rao K V S 2009 IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56 2374
[10] Dobkin D M 2007 The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in Practice (Burlington: Elsevier) p305
[11] Balanis C A 2005 Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design (3rd Ed.) (Hoboken: Wiley) p468
[12] Lu F, Chen X S, Ye T T 2009 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, Orlando, USA, April 27-28, 2009 p330
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