D-shaped photonic crystal fiber refractive index and temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and directional coupling

Shi Wei-Hua; You Cheng-Jie; Wu Jing

doi:10.7498/aps.64.224221

Abstract

The photonic crystal fiber has received the widespread attention in the sensing field because of its flexible structure and unique features. A refractive index and temperature sensor based on the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is designed and analyzed. In the side section of the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, a coat with a gold film is used as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing channel for measuring the refractive index of liquid determinand. Temperature sensitive liquid-toluene is filled in an air hole A as a directional coupling sensing channel to realize the temperature measurement. When the SPR mode and guided mode satisfy the phase matching condition, the SPR effect is produced. Most of the core energy is transferred to the metal film layer in the surface, and then the loss of guided mode in the fiber core will grow. Therefore, the shift of the SPR peak position can be used to measure the refractive index of the determinand indirectly. When the wave mode in the thermosensitive liquid-toluene can achieve phase matching with the guided mode, the directional coupling effect occurs, and then the wavelength of the absorption peak position can be used to measure the change of temperature indirectly. Based on further numerical simulation, the peak position of directional coupling is not changed by the refractive index of the determinand, and the SPR peak position is not shifted by the temperature change either. As these two sensing mechanisms can be distinguished easily, the refractive index and temperature sensing are simultaneously realized. The characteristics of the sensor are simulated numerically by using a full vector finite element method under the boundary condition of anisotropic perfectly matched layer. From the analysis of the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber structure parameters, we find that the diameter d of air hole plays an important role in the directional coupling absorption peak position and temperature sensitivity. For the SPR peak, its position is only affected by the thickness t of gold film, and its relative intensity is changed with the diameter d of air hole and grinding depth d1. The results show that when the temperature ranges from -10 ℃ to 80 ℃, the temperature sensitivity reaches 11.6 nm/℃, and when the refractive index is in a range from 1.32 to 1.44, its sensitivity reaches 26000 nm/RIU.

Keywords:

PACS:

42.81.-i	(Fiber optics)
42.81.Qb	(Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays)
42.81.Pa	(Sensors, gyros)
78.20.Ci	(Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity))

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: Shi Wei-Hua, njupt_shiwh@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61275067).

References

[1]	Liang R B, Sun Q Z, Wo J H, Liu D M 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104221 (in Chinese) [梁瑞冰, 孙琪真, 沃江海, 刘德明 2011 物理学报 60 104221]
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[5]	Jin J, Lin S, Song N F 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 064221
[6]	Zhang A P, Shao L Y, Ding J F, Sailing H 2005 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17 2397
[7]	Liao C R, Wang Y, Wang D N, Yang M W 2010 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22 1686
[8]	Hao S, Jing Z, R Q Z, Feng D Y 2013 Sen. J. 13 2039
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[13]	Yu Y Q, Li X J, Hong X M, Deng Y L, Song K Y, Geng Y F, Wei H F, Tong W J 2010 Opt. Express 18 15383
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Cited By

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2.	苏于东，魏勇，刘春兰. 波长调制型多通道光纤SPR传感器研究进展. 光电子·激光. 2024(10): 1105-1120 . 百度学术
3.	刘敏，黄勇林，詹平. 基于表面等离子体共振的椭圆侧芯光子晶体光纤传感器研究. 激光与光电子学进展. 2023(01): 81-86 . 百度学术
4.	叶婷，罗浩翔，张克非，刘维光. 高灵敏双参量光子晶体光纤传感器的实现方法. 光电子技术. 2023(03): 248-254 . 百度学术
5.	杨佳欢，王道斌，张硕，元丽华，李晓晓. 基于氧化锡铟纳米薄膜的圆形晶格光子晶体光纤折射率传感器. 红外. 2022(01): 17-25 . 百度学术
6.	丁子平，廖健飞，曾泽楷. 基于表面等离子体共振的新型超宽带微结构光纤传感器研究. 物理学报. 2021(07): 173-178 . 百度学术
7.	丁子平，谢应茂，曾泽楷，廖健飞. 圆形双折射多孔光纤折射率传感器研究. 赣南师范大学学报. 2021(03): 49-52 . 百度学术
8.	肖士妍，贾大功，聂安然，余辉，吉喆，张红霞，刘铁根. 开放式多通道多芯少模光纤表面等离子体共振生物传感器. 物理学报. 2020(13): 286-295 . 百度学术
9.	范振凯，张子超，王保柱，王莹莹，赵荣佳. 基于表面等离子体共振效应的光子晶体光纤折射率传感器的研究进展. 激光与光电子学进展. 2019(07): 53-62 . 百度学术
10.	赵玉欣，姜久兴，杨玉强，王永光，卢建达，刘家成. 基于游标效应增敏的全光纤液体折射率传感器. 光子学报. 2019(11): 224-230 . 百度学术
11.	许方祥，赵洪霞，丁志群，程培红，王敬蕊，金文最. 石墨烯增敏的光纤表面等离子共振传感器优化设计. 宁波工程学院学报. 2019(04): 7-11 . 百度学术
12.	姚诗佳，赵洪霞，丁志群，程培红，王敬蕊，鲍吉龙. 多模光纤表面等离子体共振传感器研究. 光电子·激光. 2018(06): 588-593 . 百度学术
13.	郭晓晨，施伟华. 基于SPR效应的液晶填充PCF电压传感. 光通信研究. 2018(02): 64-67 . 百度学术
14.	彭荣荣，刘彬，陈佳. 单芯光子晶体光纤边孔SPR折射率传感特性研究. 激光技术. 2018(05): 713-717 . 百度学术
15.	周剑心，刘帅，魏来. 一种新型光子晶体光纤传感器的设计及其检测液体浓度的理论研究. 激光杂志. 2018(04): 68-72 . 百度学术
16.	程佳静，庞拂飞，朱姗，张小贝，王廷云. 涂覆纳米膜的腐蚀双包层光纤折射率传感特性研究. 中国激光. 2018(08): 251-258 . 百度学术
17.	吴倩，张诸宇，郭晓晨，施伟华. 基于光子晶体光纤交叉敏感分离的磁场温度传感研究. 物理学报. 2018(18): 180-185 . 百度学术
18.	梁红勤，刘彬，陈佳，刘云凤，胡金凤. 基于双芯光子晶体光纤的高灵敏度椭圆侧芯表面等离子体共振折射率传感特性. 激光与光电子学进展. 2017(09): 105-111 . 百度学术
19.	卞继城，郎婷婷，孔文，金嘉俊. 腰椎放大细芯光纤传感器实现折射率/温度同时测量的研究. 光电子·激光. 2016(04): 353-358 . 百度学术
20.	施伟华，尤承杰. 基于定向耦合的光子晶体光纤高灵敏度磁场和温度传感器. 光学学报. 2016(07): 50-56 . 百度学术

其他类型引用(35)

[1]	Liang R B, Sun Q Z, Wo J H, Liu D M 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104221 (in Chinese) [梁瑞冰, 孙琪真, 沃江海, 刘德明 2011 物理学报 60 104221]
[2]	Wang T T, Ge Y X, Chang J H, Ke W, Wang M 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 240701 (in Chinese) [王婷婷, 葛益娴, 常建华, 柯炜 2014 物理学报 63 240701]
[3]	Hou J P, Ning T, Gai S L, Li P, Hao J P, Zhao J L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4732 (in Chinese) [侯建平, 宁韬, 盖双龙, 李鹏, 郝建苹, 赵建林 2010 物理学报 59 4732]
[4]	Zhao H, Chen M, Li G 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 068404
[5]	Jin J, Lin S, Song N F 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 064221
[6]	Zhang A P, Shao L Y, Ding J F, Sailing H 2005 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17 2397
[7]	Liao C R, Wang Y, Wang D N, Yang M W 2010 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22 1686
[8]	Hao S, Jing Z, R Q Z, Feng D Y 2013 Sen. J. 13 2039
[9]	Yin G, Wang Y, Liao C, Sun B, Liu Y, Liu S, Wang Q, Yang K, Tang J, Zhong X 2015 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27 375
[10]	Chen X L, Luo Y H, Xu M Y, Zhang Y L, He Y H, Tang J Y, Yu J H, Zhang J, Chen Z 2014 Acta Opt. Sin. 34 0206005 (in Chinese) [陈小龙, 罗云瀚, 徐梦云, 张怡龙, 何永红, 唐洁媛, 余健辉, 张军, 陈哲 2014 光学学报 34 0206005]
[11]	Shi W H, Wu J 2015 Acta Opt. Sin. 35 0206002 (in Chinese) [施伟华, 吴静 2015 光学学报 35 0206002]
[12]	Anna S 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 94 6167
[13]	Yu Y Q, Li X J, Hong X M, Deng Y L, Song K Y, Geng Y F, Wei H F, Tong W J 2010 Opt. Express 18 15383
[14]	Liu G Q, Ma L X, Liu J 2002 Data Handbook of Material Properties in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (Vol. Inorganic) (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) p275 (in Chinese) [刘光启, 马连湘, 刘杰 2002 化学化工物性数据手册(无机卷) (北京: 化学工业出版社) 第275页]
[15]	Liu G Q, Ma L X, Liu J 2002 Data Handbook of Material Properties in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (Vol. Organic) (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) p283 (in Chinese) [刘光启, 马连湘, 刘杰 2002 化学化工物性数据手册(有机卷) (北京: 化学工业出版社) 第283页]

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期刊类型引用(20)

1.	施伟华，王华晋，上官铭宇. 金纳米粒子增强表面等离子体共振传感. 激光与光电子学进展. 2024(13): 199-205 . 百度学术
2.	苏于东，魏勇，刘春兰. 波长调制型多通道光纤SPR传感器研究进展. 光电子·激光. 2024(10): 1105-1120 . 百度学术
3.	刘敏，黄勇林，詹平. 基于表面等离子体共振的椭圆侧芯光子晶体光纤传感器研究. 激光与光电子学进展. 2023(01): 81-86 . 百度学术
4.	叶婷，罗浩翔，张克非，刘维光. 高灵敏双参量光子晶体光纤传感器的实现方法. 光电子技术. 2023(03): 248-254 . 百度学术
5.	杨佳欢，王道斌，张硕，元丽华，李晓晓. 基于氧化锡铟纳米薄膜的圆形晶格光子晶体光纤折射率传感器. 红外. 2022(01): 17-25 . 百度学术
6.	丁子平，廖健飞，曾泽楷. 基于表面等离子体共振的新型超宽带微结构光纤传感器研究. 物理学报. 2021(07): 173-178 . 百度学术
7.	丁子平，谢应茂，曾泽楷，廖健飞. 圆形双折射多孔光纤折射率传感器研究. 赣南师范大学学报. 2021(03): 49-52 . 百度学术
8.	肖士妍，贾大功，聂安然，余辉，吉喆，张红霞，刘铁根. 开放式多通道多芯少模光纤表面等离子体共振生物传感器. 物理学报. 2020(13): 286-295 . 百度学术
9.	范振凯，张子超，王保柱，王莹莹，赵荣佳. 基于表面等离子体共振效应的光子晶体光纤折射率传感器的研究进展. 激光与光电子学进展. 2019(07): 53-62 . 百度学术
10.	赵玉欣，姜久兴，杨玉强，王永光，卢建达，刘家成. 基于游标效应增敏的全光纤液体折射率传感器. 光子学报. 2019(11): 224-230 . 百度学术
11.	许方祥，赵洪霞，丁志群，程培红，王敬蕊，金文最. 石墨烯增敏的光纤表面等离子共振传感器优化设计. 宁波工程学院学报. 2019(04): 7-11 . 百度学术
12.	姚诗佳，赵洪霞，丁志群，程培红，王敬蕊，鲍吉龙. 多模光纤表面等离子体共振传感器研究. 光电子·激光. 2018(06): 588-593 . 百度学术
13.	郭晓晨，施伟华. 基于SPR效应的液晶填充PCF电压传感. 光通信研究. 2018(02): 64-67 . 百度学术
14.	彭荣荣，刘彬，陈佳. 单芯光子晶体光纤边孔SPR折射率传感特性研究. 激光技术. 2018(05): 713-717 . 百度学术
15.	周剑心，刘帅，魏来. 一种新型光子晶体光纤传感器的设计及其检测液体浓度的理论研究. 激光杂志. 2018(04): 68-72 . 百度学术
16.	程佳静，庞拂飞，朱姗，张小贝，王廷云. 涂覆纳米膜的腐蚀双包层光纤折射率传感特性研究. 中国激光. 2018(08): 251-258 . 百度学术
17.	吴倩，张诸宇，郭晓晨，施伟华. 基于光子晶体光纤交叉敏感分离的磁场温度传感研究. 物理学报. 2018(18): 180-185 . 百度学术
18.	梁红勤，刘彬，陈佳，刘云凤，胡金凤. 基于双芯光子晶体光纤的高灵敏度椭圆侧芯表面等离子体共振折射率传感特性. 激光与光电子学进展. 2017(09): 105-111 . 百度学术
19.	卞继城，郎婷婷，孔文，金嘉俊. 腰椎放大细芯光纤传感器实现折射率/温度同时测量的研究. 光电子·激光. 2016(04): 353-358 . 百度学术
20.	施伟华，尤承杰. 基于定向耦合的光子晶体光纤高灵敏度磁场和温度传感器. 光学学报. 2016(07): 50-56 . 百度学术

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