太赫兹双芯反谐振光纤的设计及其耦合特性

张尧; 孙帅; 闫忠宝; 张果; 史伟; 盛泉; 房强; 张钧翔; 史朝督; 张贵忠; 姚建铨

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200662

摘要

设计了一种新型的太赫兹双芯反谐振光纤, 利用有限元分析法对光纤的损耗特性、双芯之间的耦合特性等进行了理论分析. 结果表明, 单芯反谐振光纤在一定范围内改变内包层管的排列分布, 其传输特性并不会受到明显的影响, 据此可以改变双芯光纤的内包层管的排列分布, 从而利用模式泄漏耦合机制在太赫兹波段实现双芯反谐振光纤的定向耦合. 本文通过改变纤芯距离和纤芯间的间隙大小, 在2.5 THz的传输频率下实现了耦合长度为0.72 m的定向耦合, 这种太赫兹双芯反谐振光纤将在太赫兹光开关、调制器和耦合器等太赫兹光学器件中具有重要的应用价值.

关键词:

Abstract

The THz wave has good photonic and electronic properties, and has high penetration for non-polar materials, but its own photon energy is low. In addition, the THz wave also has characteristics such as wide bandwidth and large communication capacity, thereby making the THz wave possess important academic value and wide application prospects in the fields of non-destructive testing, biomedical imaging and communication. The development of THz technology requires not only high-performance THz waveguide technology for efficient transmission of THz waves, but also important optical devices such as optical switches, modulators, and couplers that are suitable for THz bands. With the in-depth study of THz waveguide technology, researchers have proposed many high-performance THz waveguide structures, such as metal hollow core tube waveguide, parallel metal plate waveguide, photonic crystal fiber and microstructure hollow core fibers, among which hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARF) have developed rapidly in recent years. So far, THz single-mode single-polarization fiber and high-birefringence fiber have been widely studied, but the researches on the fiber structure and devices that realize THz wave directional coupling are relatively rare. In this paper, we study the influences of the arrangement and distribution of the inner and outer claddings of HC-ARF on transmission characteristics, and thus design a new type of THz dual-core anti-resonant fiber. Compared with ordinary quartz fiber couplers and dual-core photonic crystal fibers, it can utilize a relatively simple structure and achieve directional coupling above 2 THz. Using the finite element analysis method to theoretically analyze the loss characteristics and coupling characteristics of the fiber, it is found that HC-ARF changes the periodic arrangement and distribution of the inner cladding tube within a certain range, which can achieve mode leakage without affecting the fiber transmission characteristics. So the THz dual-core anti-resonant fiber can be designed by using the mode leakage coupling mechanism. By changing the core distance and core gap size, the directional coupling with a coupling length of 0.72 m is realized at a transmission frequency of 2.5 THz. This terahertz dual-core anti-resonance fiber will have an important application value in terahertz optical devices such as terahertz optical switches, modulators and couplers.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院, 天津　300072

2.
天津大学光电信息技术教育部重点实验室, 天津　300072

3.
天津市现代激光光学技术研究院, 天津　300384

通信作者: 史伟, shiwei@tju.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

3.
Tianjin Institute of Modern Laser & Optics Technology, Tianjin 300384, China

Corresponding author: Shi Wei, shiwei@tju.edu.cn

文章全文

参考文献

[1]	Zhong K, Shi W, Xu D G, Liu P X, Wang Y Y, Mei J L, Yan C, F u, S J, Yao J Q 2017 Sci. China Technol. Sc. 60 1801 Google Scholar
[2]	Homare M, Yoshiaki S, Isao Y, Shigenori N, Tetsuya Y, Chiko O 2020 Opt. Express 28 12279 Google Scholar
[3]	Cao Y Q, Huang P J, Li X, Ge W T, Hou D B, Zhang G X 2018 Phys. Med. Biol. 63 035016 Google Scholar
[4]	Withayachumnankul W, Yamada R, Fujita M, Nagatsuma T 2018 APL Photonics 3 051707 Google Scholar
[5]	Otter W J, Ridler N M, Yasukochi H, Soeda K, Konishi K, Yumoto J, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Lucyszyn S 2017 Electron Lett. 53 471 Google Scholar
[6]	Yoo S, Park J, Choo H 2020 Results Phys. 16 102881 Google Scholar
[7]	Islam M S, Sultana J, Atai J, Islam M R, Abbott D 2017 Optik 145 398 Google Scholar
[8]	魏薇, 张志明, 唐莉勤, 丁镭, 范万德, 李乙钢 2019 物理学报 68 114209 Google Scholar Wei W, Zhang Z M, Tang L Q, Ding L, Fan W D, Li Y G 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 114209 Google Scholar
[9]	Wei C L, Weiblen R J, Menyuk C R, Hu J 2017 Adv. Opt. Photonics 9 504 Google Scholar
[10]	Hasanuzzaman G K M, Iezekiel S, Markos C, Habib M S 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 477
[11]	Zhang W, Lian Z G, Trevor B, Wang X, Lou S Q 2019 J. Opt. 21 025001 Google Scholar
[12]	Wang X Y, Li S G, Liu Q, Wang G Y, Zhao Y Y 2017 Plasmonics 12 1325 Google Scholar
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[15]	Wang D D, Mu C L, Kong D P, Guo C Y 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 118701 Google Scholar
[16]	Dupuis A, Allard J, Morris D, Stoeffler K, Dubois C, Skorobogatiy M 2009 Opt. Express 17 8012 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 端面示意图　(a) HC-ARF基础结构; (b) O-ARF; (c) I-ARF

Fig. 1. The cross-section of (a) HC-ARF, (b) O-ARF, and (c) I-ARF.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 I-ARF与O-ARF的限制损耗和纤芯能量占比随φ的变化曲线

Fig. 2. Confinement loss and energy rate as a function of φ for the fundamental mode in I-ARF and O-ARF.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 模场图　(a) HC-ARF; (b) φ = 30°, O-ARF; (c) φ = 50°, O-ARF

Fig. 3. Fundamental mode distribution of (a) HC-ARF, and O-ARF of φ = 30°(b) and φ = 50° (c).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 模场图　(a) HC-ARF; (b) φ = 40°, I-ARF; (c) φ = 60°, I-ARF

Fig. 4. Fundamental mode distribution of (a) HC-ARF, and I-ARF of φ = 40°(b) and φ = 60° (c).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a) 镜像双芯反谐振光纤端面示意图; x偏振方向上的对称模s (b)和反对称模a (c)的模场图

Fig. 5. (a) The cross-section of dual-core HC-ARF with mirror composition; the fundamental mode distribution of even-mode s (b) and odd-mode a (c) at x-polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 (a) 镜像双芯反谐振光纤的耦合长度随φ的变化曲线; 光纤在x偏振方向上的对称模s的模场图 (b) φ = 30°; (c) φ = 42°; (d) φ = 60°

Fig. 6. (a) Coupling length as a function of φ for dual-core HC-ARF with mirror composition and the fundamental mode distribution of even-mode at x-polarization when (b) φ = 40°, (c) φ = 42° and (d) φ = 60°.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 (a) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤端面示意图; x偏振方向上的模场图 (b) 对称模s, (c) 反对称模a

Fig. 7. (a) The cross-section of dual-core HC-ARF with cladding reconstruction; the fundamental mode distribution of (b) even-mode s and (c) odd-mode a at x-polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 (a) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤在不同D_r下的耦合长度随d_r的变化曲线; (b) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤在不同D_r下的纤芯能量占比随d_r的变化曲线

Fig. 8. (a) Coupling length (L_c) and (b) energy rate (R) as a function of d_r under different D_r for dual-core HC-ARF with cladding reconstruction.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Zhong K, Shi W, Xu D G, Liu P X, Wang Y Y, Mei J L, Yan C, F u, S J, Yao J Q 2017 Sci. China Technol. Sc. 60 1801 Google Scholar
[2]	Homare M, Yoshiaki S, Isao Y, Shigenori N, Tetsuya Y, Chiko O 2020 Opt. Express 28 12279 Google Scholar
[3]	Cao Y Q, Huang P J, Li X, Ge W T, Hou D B, Zhang G X 2018 Phys. Med. Biol. 63 035016 Google Scholar
[4]	Withayachumnankul W, Yamada R, Fujita M, Nagatsuma T 2018 APL Photonics 3 051707 Google Scholar
[5]	Otter W J, Ridler N M, Yasukochi H, Soeda K, Konishi K, Yumoto J, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Lucyszyn S 2017 Electron Lett. 53 471 Google Scholar
[6]	Yoo S, Park J, Choo H 2020 Results Phys. 16 102881 Google Scholar
[7]	Islam M S, Sultana J, Atai J, Islam M R, Abbott D 2017 Optik 145 398 Google Scholar
[8]	魏薇, 张志明, 唐莉勤, 丁镭, 范万德, 李乙钢 2019 物理学报 68 114209 Google Scholar Wei W, Zhang Z M, Tang L Q, Ding L, Fan W D, Li Y G 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 114209 Google Scholar
[9]	Wei C L, Weiblen R J, Menyuk C R, Hu J 2017 Adv. Opt. Photonics 9 504 Google Scholar
[10]	Hasanuzzaman G K M, Iezekiel S, Markos C, Habib M S 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 477
[11]	Zhang W, Lian Z G, Trevor B, Wang X, Lou S Q 2019 J. Opt. 21 025001 Google Scholar
[12]	Wang X Y, Li S G, Liu Q, Wang G Y, Zhao Y Y 2017 Plasmonics 12 1325 Google Scholar
[13]	Sultana J, Islam M S, Faisal M, Islam M R, Ng B W, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Abbott D 2018 Opt. Commun. 407 92 Google Scholar
[14]	Hasan M R, Akter S, Khatun T, Rifat A A, Anower M S 2017 Opt. Eng. 56 043108 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang D D, Mu C L, Kong D P, Guo C Y 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 118701 Google Scholar
[16]	Dupuis A, Allard J, Morris D, Stoeffler K, Dubois C, Skorobogatiy M 2009 Opt. Express 17 8012 Google Scholar
[17]	姜子伟, 白晋军, 侯宇, 王湘晖, 常胜江 2013 物理学报 62 028702 Google Scholar Jiang Z W, Bai J J, Hou Y, Wang X H, Chang S J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 028702 Google Scholar
[18]	Busch S F, Weidenbach M, Balzer J C, Koch M 2015 J. Infrared Milli. Terahz. Waves 37 303 Google Scholar
[19]	Cunningham P D, Valdes N N, Vallejo F A, Hayden L M, Polishak B, Zhou X H, Luo J D, Jen A K, Williams J C, Twieg R J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 043505 Google Scholar
[20]	Liang J, Ren L Y, Chen N N, Zhou C H 2013 Opt. Commun. 295 257 Google Scholar
[21]	Li S H, Wang J 2015 Opt. Express 23 18736 Google Scholar

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太赫兹双芯反谐振光纤的设计及其耦合特性