Influence of microcavity effect on the performance of top emission tandem blue organic light emitting devices

Zhang Juan; Jiao Zhi-Qiang; Yan Hua-Jie; Chen Fu-Dong; Huang Qing-Yu; Kang Liang-Liang; Liu Xiao-Yun; Wang Lu; Yuan Guang-Cai

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191576

Abstract

Comparing with traditional single organic light-emitting device (OLED), the luminance efficiency and lifetime of tandem OLED are significantly improved. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to in depth study the influence of microcavity effect on the performance of top emitting tandem OLED. In this paper, taking the blue organic light emitting device for example, the change rule of optical and electrical properties of top-emitting tandem blue-light device are studied by combining optical simulation with practical experiments. The specific experiment is as follows. The top emitting tandem blue organic light devices are fabricated, in which the two light-emitting layers are located at the first anti node and second anti node, the second anti node and third anti node, and the third anti node and fourth anti node in the optical structure of the device respectively. It is found that the performance of the device is better when the two emitting layers of the top-emitting tandem blue light device are located at the second anti node and third anti node in the optical structure of the device respectively. That is to say, when the current density of the device is 15 mA/cm², the current efficiency of the device reaches 10.68 cd/A, color coordinate (CIEx, y) of the device is (0.14, 0.05), and the time of the brightness decreases from 100% to 95% in 1091.55 hours, which is likely to be due to the fact that when the cavity length of the device is long, it can not only improve the recombination rate of hole and electron in the first light-emitting unit, weaken the surface plasmon polarition effect, reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the film thickness on the cavity length of the device, but also play a role of wrapping partials to a certain extent, improve the efficiency and prolong the device lifetime. The research results provide an important theoretical and data basis for designing the top-emitting tandem blue light device with high efficiency and long lifetime. In the future, we will continue to systematically and detailedly study the top emitting tandem organic light-emitting devices, which will provide strong support for preparing the laminated devices with high efficiency long-lifetime, and lower cost.

Keywords:

optical design /
tandem nlue organic light emitting devices /
current efficiency /
lifetime

Authors and contacts

Beijing Oriental Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China

Corresponding author: Yuan Guang-Cai, yuanguangcai@boe.com.cn

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References

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图 1 微腔器件原理图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of microcavity device.

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图 2 有机材料的分子结构式

Figure 2. Molecular structure formula of organic materials.

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图 3 有机材料的折射率曲线

Figure 3. Refractive index curve of organic materials.

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图 4 器件A1发光性能模拟图　(a)不同的腔长对OLED器件CIEx, y的影响; (b)不同的腔长对OLED器件发光光谱的影响; (c)不同的腔长对OLED器件亮度的影响

Figure 4. Simulated electroluminescence (EL) performance of devices A1: (a) Influence of length of microcavity on CIEx, y of OLED; (b) influence of length of microcavity on spectrum of OLED; (c) influence of length of microcavity on luminance of OLED.

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图 5 器件A2发光性能模拟图　(a)不同的腔长对OLED器件CIEx, y的影响; (b)不同的腔长对OLED器件发光光谱的影响; (c)不同的腔长对OLED器件亮度的影响

Figure 5. Simulated EL performance of devices A2: (a) Influence of length of microcavity on CIEx, y of OLED; (b) influence of length of microcavity on spectrum of OLED; (c) influence of length of microcavity on luminance of OLED.

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图 6 器件1, 2, 3的电流密度-电压特性曲线

Figure 6. Current density-voltage characteristics of device 1, 2 and 3.

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图 7 电荷产生层的能级示意图

Figure 7. Energy level diagram of charge generation layer.

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图 8 器件A的发光性能图　(a)光谱特性曲线; (b)电流效率-亮度特性曲线; (c)电流密度-电压特性曲线

Figure 8. The EL performance of devices A: (a) The spectrum characteristics; (b) the current efficiency-luminance characteristics; (c) the current density-voltage characteristics.

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图 9 OLED器件结构图

Figure 9. Device structure of OLED.

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图 10 器件B, C, D, E的发光性能图　(a)光谱特性曲线; (b)电流效率-亮度特性曲线; (c)电流密度-功率效率特性曲线; (d)电流密度-外量子效率特性曲线; (e)电流密度-电压特性曲线; (f)寿命特性曲线@50 mA/cm²; (g)寿命特性曲线@15 mA/cm²; (h)亮度-视角特性曲线; (i)光谱-视角特性曲线

Figure 10. The EL performance of devices B, C, D and E: (a) The spectrum characteristics; (b) the current efficiency-luminance characteristics; (c) the current density-power efficiency characteristics; (d) the current density- external quantum efficiency characteristics; (e) the current density-voltage characteristics; (f) the lifetime characteristics @50 mA/cm²; (g) the lifetime characteristics @15 mA/cm²; (h) the luminance-angle characteristics; (i) the spectrum-angle characteristics.

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图 11 有机材料的分子结构式

Figure 11. Molecular structure formula of organic materials.

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图 12 器件G发光性能模拟图　(a)不同的腔长对OLED器件CIEx, y的影响; (b)不同的腔长对OLED器件发光光谱的影响; (c)不同的腔长对OLED器件亮度的影响

Figure 12. Simulated EL performance of devices G: (a) Influence of the length of microcavity on CIEx, y of OLED; (b) influence of the length of microcavity on spectrum of OLED; (c) influence of the length of microcavity on luminance of OLED.

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图 13 器件F, H, I, J的发光性能图　(a)光谱特性曲线; (b)电流效率-亮度特性曲线; (c)电流密度-功率效率特性曲线; (d)电流密度-外量子效率特性曲线; (e)电流密度-电压特性曲线; (f)寿命特性曲线@50 mA/cm²

Figure 13. The EL performance of devices F, H, I and J: (a) The spectrum characteristics; (b) the current efficiency-luminance characteristics; (c) the current density-power efficiency characteristics; (d) the current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics; (e) the current density-voltage characteristics; (f) the lifetime characteristics @50 mA/cm².

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表 1 有机材料的折射率

Table 1. Refractive index of organic materials.

波长/nm	折射率
波长/nm	HAT-CN	NPB	TCTA	ADN	DAS-ph	TPBi	Liq
465	2.02	2.05	1.96	2.09	1.96	1.70	1.85
545	1.92	1.94	1.88	1.89	1.88	1.66	1.79
620	1.88	1.89	1.85	1.83	1.85	1.64	1.76

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表 2 器件A的测试性能参数

Table 2. Performance parameters of device A.

Device@15 mA/cm²	V/V	L/cd·m^–2	CE/cd·A^–1	PE/lm·W^–1	EQE/%	CIEx	CIEy
5 nm	6.76	1548	10.32	4.78	5.25	0.1372	0.0516
25 nm	7.11	1425	9.51	4.26	4.88	0.3463	0.4545
45 nm	7.42	1380	9.22	3.90	4.69	0.3425	0.6028
65 nm	8.30	615	4.13	1.61	2.20	0.3621	0.6218
85 nm	8.86	825	5.53	1.96	2.82	0.1375	0.0405
105 nm	9.51	1470	9.82	3.14	4.55	0.1318	0.4528
125 nm	10.21	1603	10.68	3.28	5.25	0.1369	0.0512
145 nm	10.80	1530	10.20	2.96	5.02	0.3326	0.4168
165 nm	11.11	1021	6.80	1.92	4.91	0.3463	0.4545
185 nm	11.32	634	4.23	1.16	2.32	0.3425	0.6028
205 nm	11.66	799	5.32	1.43	2.51	0.1375	0.0405
225 nm	11.98	1534	10.22	2.69	5.12	0.1310	0.4512
245 nm	12.34	1580	10.53	2.66	5.36	0.1369	0.0502
265 nm	12.62	1504	10.03	2.49	5.08	0.3512	0.4555

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表 3 器件B, C, D, E的性能参数

Table 3. Performance parameters of devices B, C, D and E.

Device@15 mA/cm²	V/V	L/cd·m^–2	CE/cd·A^–1	PE/lm·W^–1	EQE/%	CIEx	CIEy	LT95(h) @50 mA/cm²
B	3.71	978	6.52	5.51	4.08	0.1376	0.0514	58.26
C	6.87	1548	10.32	4.71	6.62	0.1372	0.0516	93.88
D	7.33	1603	10.68	4.58	6.86	0.1369	0.0512	140.65
E	8.12	1579	10.53	4.06	6.77	0.1369	0.0508	79.88

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表 4 器件F, H, I, J的性能参数

Table 4. Performance parameters of devices F, H, I and J.

Device@15 mA/cm²	V/V	L/cd·m^–2	CE/cd·A^–1	PE/lm·W^–1	EQE/%	CIEx	CIEy	LT95(h) @50 mA/cm²
F	3.90	880	5.87	4.72	3.05	0.1385	0.0504	46.12
H	7.21	1238	8.26	3.59	4.29	0.1383	0.0508	80.88
I	7.72	1683	11.22	4.57	5.86	0.1379	0.0511	93.21
J	8.31	1547	10.32	3.91	5.35	0.1378	0.0515	72.36

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[1]	刘洋 2017 硕士学位论文 (天津: 天津理工大学) Liu Y 2017 M. S. Thesis (Tianjin: Tianjin University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[2]	Sun H D, Chen Y H, Chen J SH, Ma D G 2016 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 22 1 Google Scholar
[3]	景姝, 王华, 刘慧慧, 杜晓刚, 苗艳勤, 潘成龙, 周禾丰 2014 液晶与显示 29 6 Google Scholar Jing S, Wang H, Liu H H, Du X G, Miao Y Q, Pan C L, Zhou H F 2014 Chin. J. Liq. Cryst. Displays 29 6 Google Scholar
[4]	Lee H W, Lee J W, Lee S E, Lee J H, Kim Y K 2017 J. Lumin. 188 112 Google Scholar
[5]	Hong K, Lee J L 2011 Electron. Mater. Lett. 7 77 Google Scholar
[6]	Hoang V, Lee S E, Lee J G, Kim Y K, Lee J H 2017 Opt. Express 25 31006 Google Scholar
[7]	Lee S E, Lee H W, Lee J W, Hwang K M, Park S N, Yoon S S, Kim Y K 2015 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54 06F Google Scholar
[8]	Sun J X, Zhu X L, Peng H J, Wong M, Kwok H S 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 093504 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen C W, Lu Y J, Wu C C, Wu E H E, Chu C W, Yang Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 241121 Google Scholar
[10]	Kuehne A J C, Gather M C 2016 Chem. Rev. 116 12823 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1801048 Google Scholar
[12]	Muccini M 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 605 Google Scholar
[13]	Uoyama C, Gou S K, Shi Z K, Nomura H, Adachi C 2012 Nature 492 234 Google Scholar
[14]	Chen Y, Tian H, Chen Y, Geng Y, Yan D, Wang L, Ma D 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 8492 Google Scholar
[15]	Ban X, Sun K, Sun Y, Huang B, Ye S, Yang M, Jiang W 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 25129 Google Scholar
[16]	Hsu S F, Lee C C, Hu A T, Chen C H 2004 Curr. Appl. Phys. 4 663 Google Scholar
[17]	Liao L S, Klubek K P, Tang C W 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 167 Google Scholar
[18]	Tsutsui T, Terai M 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 440 Google Scholar
[19]	Yang J P, Bao Q Y, Xiao Y, Deng Y H, Li Y Q, Lee S T, Tang J X 2012 Org. Electron. 13 2243 Google Scholar
[20]	Ho M H, Chen T M, Yeh P C, Hwang S W, Chen C H 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 233507 Google Scholar
[21]	张娟 2017 硕士学位论文 (天津: 天津理工大学) Zhang J 2017 M. S. Thesis (Tianjin: Tianjin University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[22]	Zhang J, Xin L W, Gao J, Liu Y, Rui H S, Lin X, Hua Y L, Wu X M, Yin S G 2017 J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28 12761 Google Scholar
[23]	李亭亭 2018 硕士学位论文 (西安: 陕西科技大学) Li T T 2018 M.S. Thesis (Shaanxi: Shaanxi University of Science & Technology) (in Chinese)
[24]	Udagawa K, Sasabe H, Cai C, Kido J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 5062 Google Scholar

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