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Avalanche photodiode single-photon detector is one of the ultra-sensitivity photoelectric detector, which has important applications in the fields of long-distance laser ranging, laser imaging, and quantum communication. However, due to the high temperature sensitivity of the avalanche voltage, the avalanche photodiode single-photon detector is prone to fluctuation of the avalanche gain when it works in the field environment, which leads to the delay drift and seriously reduces the time stability. In this paper, we proposed a method of stabilizing the delay of the single-photon detector. An embedded system was used to control avalanche photodiode at constant low temperature and compensate the delay drift of the detection circuit caused by the change of environment temperature in real time. A high time stability avalanche photodiode single-photon detector was realized by this method. In the experiment, the environment temperature changed from 16 ℃ to 36 ℃, and the avalanche photodiode was controlled at 15 ℃. After compensation, the delay drift of the avalanche photodiode single-photon detector was within ±1 ps, and the time deviation was 0.15 ps@100 s. This work is expected to provide an effective solution for the application of high-stability single-photon detector in the field and space environment.
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Keywords:
- single-photon detection /
- avalanche photodiode /
- time deviation /
- delay drift
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Zhang Z P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Li P, Meng W D, Chen J P, Pang Y 2014 Chinese J.Lasers 41 s108005-1
[3] 孟文东, 汤凯, 邓华荣, 李朴, 张海峰, 吴志波, 张忠萍 2015 光学学报 35 s112006
Meng W D, Tang K, Deng H R, Li P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Zhang Z P 2015 Acta Opt.Sin. 35 s112006
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Meng W D, Zhang H F, Deng H R, Tang K, Wu Z B, Wang Y R, Wu G, Zhang Z P, Yang X Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 019502
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图 1 APD单光子探测电路原理图, 插图为盖革模式Si APD器件半导体结构
Figure 1. Schematic of APD single-photon detection circuit, in which the illustration is the semiconductor structure of the Geiger-mode Si APD.
图 2 (a) 雪崩脉冲上升沿波形; (b)雪崩脉冲幅度均值随偏置电压变化曲线; (c) APD单光子探测器时间抖动
Figure 2. (a) The waveform of the rising edge of the avalanche pulse; (b) the curve of the mean amplitude of the avalanche pulses with the bias voltage; (c) the time jitter of the APD single-photon detector.
图 3 基于FPGA板卡的温度控制和偏压补偿示意图
Figure 3. Schematic of temperature control and bias voltage compensation based on the FPGA board.
图 4 输出延时随Si APD偏置电压变化曲线
Figure 4. The curve of the detection delay with the bias voltage of the Si APD.
图 5 环境温度为16 ℃-36 ℃所对应的延时漂移 (a)偏置电压补偿前后延时漂移; (b)偏置电压补偿后延时漂移
Figure 5. The delay drift as a function of the environment temperature from 16 ℃ to 36 ℃: (a) The delay drift before and after the compensation by the bias voltage; (b) the delay drift after the compensation by the bias voltage.
图 6 偏置电压补偿前后, APD单光子探测器的时间稳定度对比图
Figure 6. Comparison diagram of time deviation of the APD single-photon detector before and after the compensation by the bias voltage.
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[1] Ren M, Gu X R, Liang Y, Kong W B, Wu E, Wu G, Zeng H P 2011 Opt. Express 19 13497
Google Scholar
[2] 张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 李朴, 孟文东, 陈菊平, 庞毓 2014 中国激光 41 s108005-1
Zhang Z P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Li P, Meng W D, Chen J P, Pang Y 2014 Chinese J.Lasers 41 s108005-1
[3] 孟文东, 汤凯, 邓华荣, 李朴, 张海峰, 吴志波, 张忠萍 2015 光学学报 35 s112006
Meng W D, Tang K, Deng H R, Li P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Zhang Z P 2015 Acta Opt.Sin. 35 s112006
[4] Zheng T X, Shen G Y, Li Z H, Yang L, Zhang H Y, Wu E, Wu G 2019 Photonics Res. 7 1381
Google Scholar
[5] Du B C, Wang Y, Wu E, Chen X L, Wu G 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 89
Google Scholar
[6] Li Z H, Wu E, Pang C K, Du B C, Tao Y L, Peng H, Zeng H P, Wu G 2017 Opt. Express 25 10189
Google Scholar
[7] Meng W D, Zhang H F, Huang P C, Wang J, Zhang Z P, Liao Y, Ye Y, Hu W, Wang Y M, Chen W Z, Yang F M, Prochazka I 2013 Adv. Space Res. 49 80
[8] Warburton R E, McCarthy A, Wallace A M, Hernandez-Marin S, Buller G S 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2266
Google Scholar
[9] Hadfield R H 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 696
Google Scholar
[10] Kong H J, Kim T H, Jo S E, Oh M S 2011 Opt. Express 19 19323
Google Scholar
[11] Gariepy G, Tonolini F, Henderson R, Leach J, Faccio D 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 23
Google Scholar
[12] 孟文东, 张海峰, 邓华荣, 汤凯, 吴志波, 王煜蓉, 吴光, 张忠萍, 陈欣扬 2020 物理学报 69 019502
Meng W D, Zhang H F, Deng H R, Tang K, Wu Z B, Wang Y R, Wu G, Zhang Z P, Yang X Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 019502
[13] 冯金垣, 陈红娟, 李丽秀, 龚雯 2006 光学技术 32 237
Google Scholar
Feng J Y, Chen H J, Li L X, Gong W 2006 Opt. Techn. 32 237
Google Scholar
[14] 亓少帅, 张天舒, 付毅宾, 王欢雪, 吕立慧 2016 量子电子学报 3 81
Qi S S, Zhang T S, Fu Y B, Wang H X, Lü L H 2016 Chinese J. Quantum Elect. 3 81
[15] ProchazkaI, Kodet J, Blazej J 2013 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 046107
Google Scholar
[16] Prochazka I, Kodet J, Eckl J, Blazej J 2017 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88 106105
Google Scholar
[17] Prochazka I, Blazej J, Kodet J 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 056106
Google Scholar
[18] Paulus T J 1985 IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 32 1242
Google Scholar
[19] Hansang L 2014 IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 61 2351
Google Scholar
[20] Jhee Y, Campbell J, Ferguson J, Dentai A, Holden W 1986 IEEE J. QuantumElect. 22 753
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