百微米精度的单光子测距

吴琛怡; 汪琳莉; 施皓天; 王煜蓉; 潘海峰; 李召辉; 吴光

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210184

摘要

本文发展了一种基于高精度单光子探测器的激光测距方法, 实现了百微米量级精度的非合作目标激光测距. 单光子测距系统引入参考位置, 有效地抑制了系统延时漂移, 使光子飞行时间测量精度达到0.5 ps, 在2 m测距距离处, 单光子测距系统的测距精度达到65 µm@RMS. 这项工作达到了当前脉冲飞行时间测距最高精度水平, 为远距离非合作目标高精度测距和成像提供了一种有效的技术.

关键词:

Single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes and time-correlated single-photon counting technology are widely used in pulsed laser ranging. The ranging accuracy is one of the most important performances of laser ranging. In this work, a laser ranging method based on high-precision single-photon detector is developed to achieve laser ranging for non-cooperative targets with hundred-micron-level ranging accuracy. In the system, a low-time jitter Si APD single photon detector, picosecond pulsed laser and high-precision timing counter are used to reduce the time jitter of the ranging system, and a reference position is added to suppress the influence of delay drift of the system. And a laser interferometer system with a ranging resolution of 1 nm and an accuracy of 0.5 ppm is used to calibrate the distance of each movement of the ranging target. The photon flight time accuracy of 0.5 ps is achieved while the integral time ≥ 3 s. The ranging accuracy of 65 μm@RMS is realized, while the target is 2 m away. This work is one of the highest levels of pulsed time-of-flight ranging, and provides an effective technology for high-precision ranging and imaging of long-range non-cooperative targets.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

华东师范大学, 精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室, 上海　200241

通信作者: 吴光, gwu@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11804099, 11774095)和国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2016YFB0400900)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Corresponding author: Wu Guang, gwu@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11804099, 11774095) and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0400900)

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参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 单光子测距系统. L1: 聚焦透镜; R1, R2: 反射镜; BS1, BS2: 分束镜; PIN: 高速光电探测器; TCSPS: 时间相关单光子符合计数器

Fig. 1. Single-photon ranging system. L1: focusing lens; R1, R2: mirror; BS1, BS2: beam splitter; PIN: high-speed photodetector; TCSPS: time- correlated single-photon counter.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 测距系统时间抖动

Fig. 2. Time jitter of the ranging system.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 (a) 有无参考物测距系统在TCSPC中的数据示意图; (b) 固定状态下目标位置延时-时间图象; (c) 固定状态下参考位置延时-时间图象; (d) 固定状态下相对时间差-时间图象

Fig. 3. (a) Data schematic diagram of ranging system with or without reference in TCSPC; (b) delay-time image of target position in fixed state; (c) delay-time image of reference position in fixed state; (d) relative delay-time image in fixed state.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 某固定位置下参考位置与目标位置的光子计数-延时关系

Fig. 4. Photon-delay number relationship between reference position and target position in a fixed position.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同积分时间对应的时间精度

Fig. 5. Time accuracy corresponding to different integration times.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 单光子测距值与激光干涉仪位移测量值比较

Fig. 6. Comparison of the single-photon ranging and the displacement measurement of the laser interferometer.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Warburton R E, McCarthy A, Wallace A M, Hernandez-Marin S, Hadfield R H, Nam S W, Buller G S 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2266 Google Scholar
[2]	Cova S, Ghioni M, Lacaita A, Samori C, Zappa F 1996 Appl. Opt. 35 1956 Google Scholar
[3]	Massa J S, Wallace A M, Buller G S, Fancey S J, Walker A C 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 543 Google Scholar
[4]	Massa J S, Buller G S, Walker A C, Cova S, Umasuthan M, Wallace A M 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 7298 Google Scholar
[5]	Pellegrini S, Buller G S, Smith J M, Wallace A M, Cova S 2000 Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 712 Google Scholar
[6]	Ren M, Gu X R, Liang Y, Kong W B, Wu E, Wu G, Zeng H P 2011 Opt. Express 19 13497 Google Scholar
[7]	张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 李朴, 孟文东, 陈菊平, 庞毓 2014 中国激光 41 s108005 Google Scholar Zhang Z P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Li P, Meng W D, Chen J P, Pang Y 2014 Chin. J. Las. 41 s108005 Google Scholar
[8]	孟文东, 汤凯, 邓华荣, 李朴, 张海峰, 吴志波, 张忠萍 2015 光学学报 35 s112006 Meng W D, Tang K, Deng H R, Li P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Zhang Z P 2015 Acta Opt. Sin. 35 s112006
[9]	Gariepy G, Tonolini F, Henderson R, Leach J, Faccio D 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 23 Google Scholar
[10]	Li Z H, Wu E, Pang C K, Du B C, Tao Y L, Peng H, Zeng H P, Wu G 2017 Opt. Express 25 10189 Google Scholar
[11]	Du B C, Wang Y, Wu E, Chen X L, Wu G 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 89 Google Scholar
[12]	Zheng T X, Shen G Y, Li Z H, Yang L, Zhang H Y, Wu E, Wu G 2019 Photonics Res. 7 1381 Google Scholar
[13]	孟文东, 张海峰, 邓华荣, 汤凯, 吴志波, 王煜蓉, 吴光, 张忠萍, 陈欣扬 2020 物理学报 69 019502 Google Scholar Meng W D, Zhang H F, Deng H R, Tang K, Wu Z B, Wang Y R, Wu G, Zhang Z P, Yang X Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 019502 Google Scholar
[14]	Ye L, Gu G H, He W J, Dai H D, Mao T Y, Chen Q 2019 J. Opt. 21 045703 Google Scholar
[15]	Fu C K, Zheng H B, Wang G, Zhou Y, Chen H, He Y C, Liu J B, Sun J, Xu Z 2020 Appl. Sci. 10 1930 Google Scholar
[16]	Carreira J F C, Griffitns A D, Xie E, Guilhabert B J E, Herrnsdorf J, Henderson R K, Gu E, Strain M J, Dawson M D 2020 Opt. Express 28 6909 Google Scholar
[17]	Morimoto K, Ardelean A, Wu M L, Ulku A C, Antolovic I M, Bruschini C, Charbon E 2020 Optica 7 346 Google Scholar
[18]	Griffiths A D, Chen H, Li D D U, Henderson R K, Herrnsdorf J, Dawson M D, Strain M J 2019 Opt. Express 27 35485 Google Scholar
[19]	Rehain P, Sua Y M, Zhu S Y, Dickson I, Muthuswamy B, Ramanathan J, Shahverdi A, Huang Y P 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 921 Google Scholar
[20]	Shahverdi A, Sua Y M, Tumeh L, Huang Y P 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 6495 Google Scholar
[21]	Ma J H, Hu H Q, Chen Y, Xu G J, Pan H F, Wu E 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 034202
[22]	Wu W J, Ma J H, Pan H F, Wu E, Chen H X, Dismas K C, Liang W G 2017 Optoelectron. Lett. 13 156 Google Scholar
[23]	张海燕, 汪琳莉, 吴琛怡, 王煜蓉, 杨雷, 潘海峰, 刘巧莉, 郭霞, 汤凯, 张忠萍, 吴光 2020 物理学报 69 074204 Google Scholar Zhang H Y, Wang L L, Wu C Y, Wang Y R, Yang L, Pan H F, Liu Q L, Guo X, Tang K, Zhang Z P, Wu G 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 074204 Google Scholar
[24]	Fouche D G 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 5388 Google Scholar
[25]	Wang F, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Sun X D 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 5561 Google Scholar
[26]	Kong H J, Kim T H, Jo S E, Oh M S 2011 Opt. Express. 19 19323 Google Scholar
[27]	Gatt P, Johnson S, Nichols T 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3261 Google Scholar
[28]	黄科, 李松, 马跃, 田昕, 周辉, 张智宇 2018 物理学报 67 064205 Google Scholar Huang K, Li S, Ma Y, Tian X, Zhou H, Zhang Z Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 064205 Google Scholar
[29]	任旻 2013 博士学位论文 (上海: 华东师范大学) Ren M 2013 Ph D. Dissertation (Shanghai: East China Normal University) (in Chinese)

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百微米精度的单光子测距