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In this paper, an acousto-optic tunable flat top filter is proposed by using one-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystal, and two kinds of materials, i.e. magnesium fluoride and tellurium dioxide, are selected. Based on the theory of acousto-optic effect, the thickness and refractive index of one-dimensional coupled cavity photonic crystal acousto-optic medium are changed by varying the ultrasonic frequency. After the parameters of acousto-optic medium are changed, the central wavelength of flat top filter of transmission spectrum shifts toward the short wave direction, thus realizing tunable filtering function. Based on the transfer matrix method and the theory of acousto-optic effect, the theoretical model of the flat top filter is established. The rectangularity, passband bandwidth, insertion loss and tunability of flat top filter are simulated by COMSOL software. The results show that the tuning effect can be achieved by applying a certain frequency of ultrasound in the case of different ultrasonic amplitudes. The decreasing trends of transmittance are basically identical in the process of changing ultrasonic frequency in the case of different amplitudes. When the central wavelength of the flat top filter increases from 1510 nm to 1514 nm, the transmissivity corresponding to the central wavelength increases sharply from 37% to 90%; when the central wavelength of the flat top filter continuously increases to 1562 nm, the transmittance corresponding to the central wavelength increasing gently from 90% to 97% in the case of different amplitudes. Considering the transmissivity required to exceed 90% in the passband of flat top filter and the cost of ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic wave with an amplitude of 0.4 nm is selected as the research object. The flat top filter with 5–6 nm central wavelength and 1514–1562 nm tunable flat top filter can be realized by applying ultrasonic wave with the frequency in a range of 6–11 MHz. In the tunable range, the highest insertion loss is only 2.23 dB, the lowest is only 0.78 dB, and the lowest rectangularity is 1.4. In a practical flat top filter with machining error within 5 cm, the deviation of center wavelength, rectangularity, insertion loss and passband bandwidth of flat top filter are all very small. The flat top filter has the characteristics of easy design and integration, flat passband, wide tunable range, stable passband bandwidth, low insertion loss and high quality factor. It has important applications in optical communication fields such as optical switch, tunable fiber laser and fiber sensing.
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Keywords:
- flat top filter /
- acousto-optic effect /
- one-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystals /
- tunable
[1] 林洪榕, 迟晓玲, 李利军 2001 激光与光电子学进展 11 31
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图 1 基于一维耦合腔光子晶体中声光效应的可调谐平顶滤波器结构图及超声波波形图
Figure 1. Structure diagram and ultrasonic waveform of tunable flat top filter based on acousto-optic effect in one-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystals.
图 2 一维耦合腔光子晶体的透射谱
Figure 2. Transmission spectrum of one-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystal.
图 3 不同超声波振幅下一维耦合腔光子晶体透射谱中心波长随超声波频率的改变 (a)平顶滤波器中心波长与超声波频率的关系图; (b)平顶滤波器中心波长与透射率的关系图
Figure 3. Variation of the central wavelength of transmission spectrum of one-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystals with different ultrasonic amplitudes: (a) Relationship between the center wavelength of flat top filter and ultrasonic frequency; (b) relationship between the center wavelength of flat top filter and transmissivity.
图 4 平顶滤波器施加频率8, 11 MHz的超声波和不加超声波的透射谱
Figure 4. Transmission spectra of flat top filter with ultrasonic wave at 8, 11 MHz and without ultrasonic wave.
图 5 平顶滤波器中心波长与矩形度的关系图
Figure 5. Relationship between center wavelength of flat top filter and rectangularity.
图 6 平顶滤波器中心波长与通带带宽的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between center wavelength of flat top filter and passband bandwidth.
图 7 平顶滤波器中心波长与插入损耗的关系图
Figure 7. Relationship between center wavelength of flat top filter and insert loss.
图 8 一维光子晶体几何尺寸偏差与相关参数的关系 (a) 一维光子晶体几何尺寸偏差与平顶滤波器中心波长和通带带宽的关系图; (b) 一维光子晶体几何尺寸偏差与平顶滤波器矩形度的关系图; (c) 一维光子晶体几何尺寸偏差与平顶滤波器插入损耗的关系图
Figure 8. Relationship between geometric size deviation and related parameters of one-dimensional photonic crystal: (a) Relationship between geometric dimension deviation of one dimensional photonic crystal and central wavelength or passband bandwidth of flat top filter; (b) relationship between the geometric size deviation of one-dimensional photonic crystal and rectangularity of flat top filter; (c) relationship between the geometric size deviation of one-dimensional photonic crystal and the insert loss of flat top filter
表 1 不同平顶滤波器性能参数比较
Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of different flat top filters.
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[1] 林洪榕, 迟晓玲, 李利军 2001 激光与光电子学进展 11 31
Lin H R, Chi X L, Li L J 2001 Las. Optoelect. Prog. 11 31
[2] Liu J, Tao L 2019 Opt. Commun. 459 125038
Google Scholar
[3] 顾培夫, 陈海星, 秦小芸, 刘旭 2005 物理学报 54 773
Google Scholar
Gu P F, Chen H X, Qin X Y, Liu X 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 773
Google Scholar
[4] 常凌颖, 郑爱国, 宋晶晶 2018 应用光学 39 359
Google Scholar
Chang L Y, Zheng A G, Song J J 2018 JAO 39 359
Google Scholar
[5] Magdich L, Chamorovskii A, Shidlovskii V, Yakubovich S 2020 IEEE J. Quantum Electron 50 136
Google Scholar
[6] 左涛, 赵新杰, 岳宏卫, 方兰, 阎少林, 王小坤 2009 物理学报 58 4194
Google Scholar
Zuo T, Zhao X J, Yue H W, Fang L, Yan S L, Wang X K 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4194
Google Scholar
[7] 张娟, 于帅, 郭森, 李雪 2011 中国激光 1 0105005
Google Scholar
Juan Z, Shuai Y, Sen G, Xue L 2011 Chin J Las 1 0105005
Google Scholar
[8] 赵辉 2009 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京化工大学)
Zhao H 2009 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology) (in Chinese)
[9] Suh W, Fan S 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 1763
Google Scholar
[10] Rossi K, Baletto F 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 11057
Google Scholar
[11] Okayama H, Onawa Y, Shimura D, Takahashi H, Yaegashi H, Sasaki H 2019 Electron. Lett. 55 107
Google Scholar
[12] 戚志明, 梁文耀 2016 物理学报 65 074201
Google Scholar
Qi Z M, Liang W Y 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 074201
Google Scholar
[13] Xiao L, Liu Y, Wang W, Geng F 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 645
Google Scholar
[14] 李培丽, 高辉, 栾开智, 陆云清 2020 光谱学与光谱分析 40 650
Google Scholar
Li P L, Gao H, Luan K Z, Lu Y Q 2020 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 40 650
Google Scholar
[15] 李乾利, 温廷敦, 许丽萍 2013 物理学报 62 184212
Google Scholar
Li Q L, Wen T D, Xu L P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 184212
Google Scholar
[16] Bandyopadhyay R, Chakraborty R 2015 Opt. Eng. 54 117105
Google Scholar
[17] 刘菲, 金杰, 李可佳 2011 光学学报 10 1023003
Google Scholar
Liu F, Jin J, Li K J 2011 Acta Optic. Sin. 10 1023003
Google Scholar
[18] Bai J, Li X, Zhou Q, Ni K, Wang X 2019 Opt. Express 27 10961
Google Scholar
[19] Chung M, Wang S 2006 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 841
Google Scholar
[20] Yang L, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Xiao Q 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 14237
Google Scholar
[21] Inoue G, Wang P, Li H 2016 Opt. Express 24 5442
Google Scholar
[22] 周婷婷, 谢卉, 孙莉萍, 胡强高 2011 光通信研究 37 23
Google Scholar
Zhou T T, Xie H, Sun L P, Hu Q G 2011 Stud. Opt. Commun. 37 23
Google Scholar
[23] Jiang F, Yu Y, Cao T, Tang H, Dong J, Zhang X 2016 Opt. Express 41 3301
Google Scholar
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