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Biosensor has received increasing attention in recent years due to the demand for detecting biological and chemical substances in liquid. In particular, the detection methods based on refractive index have advantages in detection sensitivity. Colorimetric biosensor can transform the change in refractive index of target into the change in color, which has advantages in simple operation, low cost and real-time detection with naked human eyes. In this work, a Fabry-Pérot cavity colorimetric biosensor based on α-MoO3 integrating microfluidic channel is proposed. The α-MoO3 is an emerging natural two-dimensional van der Waals material with anisotropic optical properties due to its unique crystal structure. Theoretical analysis of the feasibility of BK7/Ag/SiO2 as the reflective layers is carried out. And the transmittance spectra of the proposed colorimetric biosensor are calculated by the transfer-matrix method. The obvious color changes can be observed when the microfluidic channel filled with NaCl solutions with different concentrations. The proposed colorimetric biosensor achieves a high detection sensitivity of 600 nm/RIU, which can detect a concentration change of NaCl solution as low as 9‰. The proposed colorimetric biosensor can tune the operating wavelength by simply rotating the device due to the anisotropic optical properties of α-MoO3 to satisfy the color vision of human eyes. Moreover, by tuning the thickness of microfluidic channel, the operating wavelength of colorimetric biosensor can be further shifted. Our approach offers a new direction for developing tunable biosensors with low cost and real-time detection.
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Keywords:
- biosensor /
- Fabry–Pérot cavity /
- α-MoO3 /
- colorimetric sensor
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[45] Wolter H 1966 Z. Angew. Phys. 21 565
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[49] 胡威捷, 汤顺青, 朱正芳 2007 现代颜色技术原理及应用 (北京: 北京理工大学出版社) 第24页
Tang W J, Tang S Q, Zhu Z F 2007 Principle and Application of Modern Color Technology (Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press) p24 (in Chinese)
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图 1 基于α-MoO3的FP谐振腔生物传感器 (a) 3D示意图; (b)剖面示意图. 插图为层状斜方晶α-MoO3结构示意图, 层间由范德瓦尔斯力约束
Figure 1. Schematic of FP cavity biosensor based on α-MoO3: (a) 3D view; (b) cross-sectional view. The inset is the illustration of orthorhombic α-MoO3 with layered structure held by van der Waals’ forces.
图 2 三种结构的透射光谱, 包括单层BK7, BK7/Ag和BK7/Ag/SiO2
Figure 2. Transmittance spectrum of three different structure, including single layer BK7, BK7/Ag and BK7/Ag/SiO2.
图 3 入射光分别为 (a) x偏振光(φ = 0°)和(b) y偏振光(φ = 90°)时纯水(0%)和多种浓度(5%—25%)的NaCl溶液通过FP谐振腔生物传感器的微流腔(300 nm)的透射光谱图; (c) 入射光分别为x偏振光(φ = 0°)和y偏振光(φ = 90°)时纯水(0%)和多种浓度(5%—25%)的NaCl溶液通过FP谐振腔生物传感器的微流腔(300 nm)的色彩图
Figure 3. Transmittance spectrum of the FP cavity biosensor on (a) x polarization (φ = 0°) and (b) y polarization (φ = 90°) while the micofluidic chamber (300 nm) was filled with NaCl solution in different concentration; (c) colormap for NaCl solution in different concentration filled in micofluidic chamber (300 nm) at x polarization (φ = 0°) and y polarization (φ = 90°).
图 4 x偏振光下和y偏振光下基于α-MoO3的FP谐振腔生物传感器透射峰波长随折射率变化, 微流腔厚度为300 nm
Figure 4. The peak wavelength of transmittance spertrum of FP cavity biosensor based on α-MoO3 on x polarization and y polarization as a function of refractive index, while the thickness of microfluic chamber is 300 nm.
图 5 入射光分别为 (a) x偏振光(φ = 0°)和(b) y偏振光(φ = 90°)时纯水(0%)和多种浓度(5%—25%)的NaCl溶液通过FP谐振腔生物传感器的微流腔(550 nm)的透射光谱图; (c) 入射光分别为x偏振光(φ = 0°)和y偏振光(φ = 90°)时纯水(0%)和多种浓度(5%—25%)的NaCl溶液通过FP谐振腔生物传感器的微流腔(550 nm)的色彩图
Figure 5. Transmittance spectrum of the FP cavity biosensor on (a) x polarization (φ = 0°) and (b) y polarization (φ = 90°) while the micofluidic chamber (550 nm) was filled with NaCl solution in different concentration; (c) colormap for NaCl solution in different concentration filled in micofluidic chamber (550 nm) at x polarization (φ = 0°) and y polarization (φ = 90°).
图 6 x偏振光下和y偏振光下基于α-MoO3的FP谐振腔生物传感器透射峰波长随折射率变化, 微流腔厚度为550 nm
Figure 6. The peak wavelength of transmittance spertrum of FP cavity biosensor based on α-MoO3 on x polarization and y polarization as a function of refractive index, while the thickness of microfluic chamber is 550 nm.
表 1 TMM计算FP谐振腔透射光谱所用的参数
Table 1. Parameter for simulation of transmittance spectrum of proposed FP cavity biosensor using TMM.
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[1] Ferreira M F S, Statkiewicz-Barabach G, Kowal D, Mergo P, Urbanczyk W, Frazao O 2017 Opt. Commun. 394 37
Google Scholar
[2] Takahashi T, Hizawa T, Misawa N, Taki M, Sawada K, Takahashi K 2018 J. Micromech. Microeng. 28 054002
Google Scholar
[3] Wei T, Han Y K, Li Y J, Tsai H L, Xiao H 2008 Opt. Express 16 5764
Google Scholar
[4] Domachuk P, Littler I C M, Cronin-Golomb M, Eggleton B J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 093513
Google Scholar
[5] Shao L Y, Zhang A P, Liu W S, Fu H Y, He S L 2007 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19 30
Google Scholar
[6] Qian Y, Zhao Y, Wu Q L, Yang Y 2018 Sens. Actuators, B 260 86
Google Scholar
[7] Kamil Y M, Abu Bakar M H, Mustapa M A, Yaacob M H, Abidin N H Z, Syahir A, Lee H J, Mandi M A 2018 Sens. Actuators, B 257 820
Google Scholar
[8] Huang J G, Lee C L, Lin H M, Chuang T L, Wang W S, Juang R H, Wang C H, Lee C K, Lin S M, Lin C W 2006 Biosens. Bioelectron. 22 519
Google Scholar
[9] Pérot A, Fabry C 1899 Astrophys. J. 9 87
Google Scholar
[10] Vaughan M 1989 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer: History, Theory, Practice and Applications (Boca Raton: CRC Press)
[11] Guo Y B, Li H, Reddy K, Shelar H S, Nittoor V R, Fan X D 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 041104
Google Scholar
[12] Surdo S, Barillaro G 2015 Opt. Express 23 9192
Google Scholar
[13] You K E, Uddin N, Kim T H, Fan Q H, Yoon H J 2018 Sens. Actuators, B 277 62
Google Scholar
[14] Uddin N, Shrestha M, Zheng B C, Yoon H J, Wang X Q, Fan Q H 2017 IEEE Sens. J. 17 7348
Google Scholar
[15] Yan F, Li L, Wang R X, Tian H, Liu J L, Liu J Q, Tian F J, Zhang J Z 2019 J. Lightwave Technol. 37 1103
Google Scholar
[16] Wang Q X, Guo J, Ding Z J, Qi D Y, Jiang J Z, Wang Z, Chen W, Xiang Y J, Zhang W J, Wee A T S 2017 Nano Lett. 17 7593
Google Scholar
[17] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
Google Scholar
[18] Li L K, Yu Y J, Ye G J, Ge Q Q, Ou X D, Wu H, Feng D L, Chen X H, Zhang Y B 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 372
Google Scholar
[19] Luo M M, Fan T J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Mei L 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1808306
Google Scholar
[20] Liu Z Z, Wells S A, Butun S, Palacios E, Hersam M C, Aydin K 2018 Nanotechnology 29 285202
Google Scholar
[21] Liu Z Z, Aydin K 2016 Nano Lett. 16 3457
Google Scholar
[22] Song X L, Liu Z H, Xiang Y J, Aydin K 2018 Opt. Express 26 5469
Google Scholar
[23] Mao N N, Tang J Y, Xie L M, Wu J X, Han B W, Lin J J, Deng S B, Ji W, Xu H, Liu K H, Tong L M, Zhang J 2016 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 300
Google Scholar
[24] Huang S X, Tatsumi Y, Ling X, Guo H H, Wang Z Q, Watson G, Puretzky A A, Geohegan D B, Kong J, Li J, Yang T, Saito R, Dresselhaus M S 2016 ACS Nano 10 8964
Google Scholar
[25] Al-Abbas S S A, Muhsin M K, Jappor H R 2018 Chem. Phys. Lett. 713 46
Google Scholar
[26] Susoma J, Lahtinen J, Kim M, Riikonen J, Lipsanen H 2017 AIP Adv. 7 015014
Google Scholar
[27] Caldwell J D, Aharonovich I, Cassabois G, Edgar J H, Gil B, Basov D N 2019 Nat. Rev. Mater. 4 552
Google Scholar
[28] Laturia A, Van de Put M L, Vandenberghe W G 2018 Npj 2 D Mater. Appl. 2 1
Google Scholar
[29] Liu E F, Fu Y J, Wang Y J, Feng Y Q, Liu H M, Wan X G, Zhou W, Wang B G, Shao L B, Ho C H, Huang Y S, Cao Z Y, Wang L G, Li A D, Zeng J W, Song F Q, Wang X R, Shi Y, Yuan H T, Hwang H Y, Cui Y, Miao F, Xing D Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6991
Google Scholar
[30] Yang H, Jussila H, Autere A, Komsa H P, Ye G J, Chen X H, Hasan T, Sun Z P 2017 ACS Photonics 4 3023
Google Scholar
[31] Yang S X, Liu Y, Wu M H, Zhao L D, Lin Z Y, Cheng H C, Wang Y L, Jiang C B, Wei S H, Huang L, Huang Y, Duan X F 2018 Nano Res. 11 554
Google Scholar
[32] Huang M Q, Wang M L, Chen C, Ma Z W, Li X F, Han J B, Wu Y Q 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 3481
Google Scholar
[33] Zheng Z B, Chen J N, Wang Y, Wang X M, Chen X B, Liu P Y, Xu J B, Xie W G, Chen H J, Deng S Z, Xu N S 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705381
Google Scholar
[34] Ma W L, Alonso-Gonzalez P, Li S J, Nikitin A Y, Yuan J, Martin-Sanchez J, Taboada-Gutierrez J, Amenabar I, Li P N, Velez S, Tollan C, Dai Z G, Zhang Y P, Sriram S, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lee S T, Hillenbrand R, Bao Q L 2018 Nature 562 557
Google Scholar
[35] Zheng Z B, Xu N S, Oscurato S L, Tamagnone M, Sun F S, Jiang Y Z, Ke Y L, Chen J N, Huang W C, Wilson W L, Ambrosio A, Deng S Z, Chen H J 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaav8690
Google Scholar
[36] Tamagnone M, Chaudhary K, Zhu A, Meretska M, Li J, Edgar J H, Ambrosio A, Capasso F 2020 arXiv e-prints: 1905.02177 v2 [physics.optics]
[37] Sreekanth K V, Ouyang Q L, Sreejith S, Zeng S W, Lishu W, Ilker E, Dong W L, ElKabbash M, Ting Y, Lim C T, Hinczewski M, Strangi G, Yong K T, Simpson R E, Singh R 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900081
Google Scholar
[38] Zou X J, Zheng G G, Chen Y Y, Xian F L, Xu L H 2019 Opt. Mater. 88 54
Google Scholar
[39] Tian J J, Lu Y J, Zhang Q, Han M 2013 Opt. Express 21 6633
Google Scholar
[40] Fernandes A C, Gernaey K V, Kruhne U 2018 Biotechnol. Adv. 36 1341
Google Scholar
[41] Prayakarao S, Mendoza B, Devine A, Kyaw C, van Dover R B, Liberman V, Noginov M A 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 061105
Google Scholar
[42] Gholipour B, Piccinotti D, Karvounis A, MacDonald K F, Zheludev N I 2019 Nano Lett. 19 1643
Google Scholar
[43] Gosmanov A R, Gosmanova E O, Dillard-Cannon E 2014 Diabet. Metab. Synd. Ob. 7 255
[44] Pascoe K J 2001 Reflectivity and Transmissivity Through Layered, Lossy Media: a User-friendly Approach (US, Ohio: Air Force Inst. of Tech. Wright-PattersonAFB, OH, School of Engineering) AFIT/EN-TR-01-07[Technical Report]
[45] Wolter H 1966 Z. Angew. Phys. 21 565
[46] Tan C Y, Huang Y X 2015 J. Chem. Eng. Data 60 2827
Google Scholar
[47] Rakic A D, Djurisic A B, Elazar J M, Majewski M L 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 5271
Google Scholar
[48] Wei C W, Dereshgi S A, Song X L, Murthy A, Dravid V P, Cao T, Aydin K 2020 Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 2000088
Google Scholar
[49] 胡威捷, 汤顺青, 朱正芳 2007 现代颜色技术原理及应用 (北京: 北京理工大学出版社) 第24页
Tang W J, Tang S Q, Zhu Z F 2007 Principle and Application of Modern Color Technology (Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press) p24 (in Chinese)
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