Biological effects of terahertz waves

Peng Xiao-Yu; Zhou Huan

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20211996

Abstract

There are numerous applications of terahertz (THz) waves in biomedicine due to their properties that can be absorbed strongly by water in biological systems and resonant with biological macromolecules and weak interactions among them in the biological systems. Though there is no direct ionization damage to the biological tissues due to their low photon energy, the THz waves can give rise to a series of biological effects on the biological cells and tissues with the increase of the intensity of the THz beam. Different irradiation conditions such as the different parameters of the THz waves and the different biological systems will result in different biological effects, including mainly the thermal effects and non-thermal effects. In this paper, we discuss first the physical mechanisms of these two kinds of effects, then introduce the existing main THz sources suitable for studying the biological effects, and summarize the typical biological effects in detail and the research progress in this field. Finally we prospect the potential applications and challenges of the THz wave biological effects.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Center for Terahertz Technology Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
2.
Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing 400714, China
3.
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Corresponding author: Peng Xiao-Yu, xypeng@cigit.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0701000) and the NSAF Joint Fund, China (Grant No. U2030119).

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Cited By

图 1 DNA/RNA其中3种碱基的太赫兹波吸收光谱^[8]　(a) 腺嘌呤; (b)鸟嘌呤 ; (c) 胞嘧啶

Figure 1. Absorption spectra of three DNA/RNA nucleobases ^[8]: (a) Adenine; (b) Guanine; (c) Cytosine.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 肿瘤分别受频率为(a) 0.203 THz和(b) 0.107 THz的太赫兹波辐照后与对照肿瘤的生长曲线图^[19]

Figure 2. Growth curves of the tumors after the irradiation at (a) 0.203 THz and (b) 0.107 THz compared with that of the control tumors, respectively ^[19].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 小鼠干细胞受太赫兹辐照后发生形态变化的显微镜照片　(a)对照组; (b) 宽带太赫兹波辐照2 h; (c) 宽带太赫兹波辐照9 h; (d) 单频连续波太赫兹波辐照2 h; 图(c)中的箭头表示细胞中含有大量的脂滴包涵含物 ^[43]

Figure 3. Light microscopy image: (a) Control cultures; mouse stem cells after (b) 2 h and (c) 9 hours of pulsed broad-band irradiation; (d) mouse stem cells after 2 h of irradiation from the CW laser source. The arrows in panel (c) indicate cells with an elevated number of lipid droplets inclusions ^[43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 PC12细胞受太赫兹波辐照10 min后纳米球的摄入情况. 共聚焦激光扫描显微图像显示受太赫兹波辐照的细胞中摄入了纳米球, 而未受辐照的对照组细胞没有摄入任何纳米球^[14]

Figure 4. Nanosphere internalization of PC12 cells following a 10 min exposure of THz radiation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images illustrate the uptake of silica nanospheres by the THz treated cells whereas the untreated control does not exhibit any nanosphere uptake^[14].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 太赫兹波辐照效应对精子细胞内钙浓度的影响^[50]

Figure 5. Effect of terahertz irradiation on the intracellular calcium concentration in sperm^[50].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 样品中存活细胞、早凋亡细胞、晚凋亡细胞与太赫兹波辐照时间的关系^[13]

Figure 6. Number of live cells and cells at early and late stages of apoptosis in the sample in relation of the THz radiation exposure time^[13].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 强太赫兹脉冲诱导的人类皮肤的基因表达. 维恩图概括了EpiDermFT组织受1.0 μJ或者0.1 μJ太赫兹脉冲辐照后基因表达的变化^[57]

Figure 7. Intense THz-pulse-induced gene expression in human skin. Venn diagrams summarizing differentially-expressed genes in EpiDermFT tissues exposed to either 1.0 μJ or 0.1 μJ THz pulses^[57].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 黑色素瘤细胞内DNA去甲基化程度随太赫兹波辐照时间的变化曲线^[63]

Figure 8. THz demethylation dependence on exposure time in M-293T DNA^[63].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 包括太赫兹波主要生物效应的本文逻辑结构图

Figure 9. Logical structure diagram including the main bio-effects of THz waves summarized in this paper.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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