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Uunlike the Earth, the Moon lacks is not protected from the atmosphere and global magnetic field, and will be directly exposed to complex radiation environments such as high-energy cosmic rays, solar wind, and the Earth's magnetotail plasma. The surface of the Moon is covered with a thick layer of lunar soil, and the particles in the soil with adiameter between 30 nm–20 μm are called lunar dust. In the complex environments such as solar wind or magnetotail plasma, lunar dust carries an electric charge and becomes charged lunar dust. Charged lunar dust is prone to migration under the action of the electric field on the lunar surface. Charged migrated lunar dust is easy to adhere to the surface of instruments and equipment, resulting in visual impairment, astronauts' movement disorders, equipment mechanical blockage, sealing failure, and material wear, which affects the lunar exploration mission. As an important lunar exploration landing site, the lunar south pole receives special solar radiation and produces a special dust plasma environment due to its special location. In order to provide an environmental reference for lunar south pole exploration, it is necessary to explore the characteristics of the dust plasma environment in the lunar south pole and its impact. In view of the lunar south pole environment, The Spacecraft Plasma Interactions Software (SPIS) software developed by the European Space Agency is used to carry out modelling and simulation in this work. Through the simulation, the logarithmic distribution of the lunar dust space density in a range of 0–200 m at the lunar south pole, the potential distribution near the lunar surface, and the spatial distribution characteristics of plasma electrons and ions are obtained. The obtained lunar dust space density and lunar surface potential are similar to the previous theoretical derivation and field detection data, so the simulation results have high reliability. The spatial potential distribution and the spatial density distribution of electrons and ions in the lunar environment with and without lunar dust are compared. Finally, the conclusions can be drawn as follows. The space potential increases with altitude increasing. The potential at 0–10 m near the lunar south pole is about –40 V, and the space potential at 100 m is about –20 V. The density of lunar dust in an altitude range below 10 m is 107.22 m–3–104.66 m–3. The electron density in the dust plasma near the lunar surface is 105.47 m–3, and the ion density is 106.07 m–3, and both increase with altitude increasing. Charged lunar dust affects the spatial distribution of lunar dust, mainly through affecting the distribution of the space electric field, which leads to difference in electron distribution, but has little effect on ions.
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Keywords:
- lunar south pole /
- dust plasma environment /
- SPIS simulation /
- lunar surface potential distribution
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图 1 仿真区域网格划分图
Figure 1. Mesh division diagram of the simulation area.
图 2 仿真过程中电流的变化
Figure 2. Changes in current during simulation.
图 3 月尘颗粒带电量对数分布(月球南极环境, 单位: C)
Figure 3. Logarithmic distribution of charge amount of lunar dust particles (lunar south pole environment, unit: C).
图 4 月尘空间密度对数分布(月球南极环境, 单位: m–3)
Figure 4. Logarithmic distribution of lunar dust spatial density (lunar south pole environment, unit: m–3).
图 5 等离子体空间密度对数分布(月球南极环境, 单位: m–3) (a) 电子; (b) 离子
Figure 5. Logarithmic distribution of plasma spatial density (lunar south pole environment, unit: m–3): (a) Electrons; (b) ions.
图 6 月面附近电位分布(月球南极环境, 单位: V)
Figure 6. Potential distribution near the lunar surface (lunar south pole environment, unit: V).
图 7 月尘空间密度分布
Figure 7. Distribution of lunar dust spatial density.
图 8 月尘空间电位分布
Figure 8. Distribution of lunar dust space potential.
图 9 电子空间密度分布
Figure 9. Distribution of electron spatial density.
图 10 离子空间密度分布
Figure 10. Distribution of ion spatial density.
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