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月球表面的带电尘埃对太空任务的顺利实施构成严重威胁，对尘埃的充电和动力学的进一步研究有助于月球探测任务的顺利实施。本文研究了具有不同功函数的尘埃颗粒在月球表面的充电和动力学。本文重新计算了与四种尘埃颗粒功函数相关的表面充电电流，并得到了它们在不同太阳天顶角下的充电和动力学结果，揭示了尘埃颗粒充电和动力学结果对功函数的依赖性。结果显示具有较小功函数的尘埃颗粒能够达到较大的平衡态，且需要更长时间才能达到这些平衡态，其中包括尘埃颗粒能够稳定悬浮的平衡高度，能够携带的表面电荷量以及流经尘埃颗粒表面的充电电流。结果表明，当太阳天顶角在0到90°范围内变化时，平衡态与功函数之间都呈现明显的反比关系。尘埃颗粒在临界太阳天顶角下不能发生稳定悬浮，且该角度的大小与功函数也呈反比关系。Charged dust on the lunar surface poses a threat to space missions. Research into charged dust is essential for the safety of future space missions. The conventional lunar dust charging theory assumes a single constant work function when calculating the charging currents related to photoelectrons. However, the components of lunar regolith exhibit considerable diversity, including plagioclase, pyroxene, and ilmenite. Because the ability of the lunar surface or lunar dust to emit photoelectrons strongly depends on their work function, it is necessary to analyze the effect of work function on dust charging and dynamics near the lunar surface. In this work, we used a novel method that can predict the photoelectric yield of materials with different work functions to recalculate the surface charging currents of four types of dust particles and derived their subsequent charging and dynamic results at different solar zenith angles (SZAs). When SZA varies from 0°to 90°, the work function of dust decreases incrementally through four values: 6 eV (Apollo lunar soil), 5.58 eV (Plagioclase), 5.14 eV (Pyroxene), and 4.29 eV (Ilmenite). With each decrement in work function, the equilibrium charging currents of dust particles increase by approximately 0.5 times, the equilibrium charge numbers increase by approximately 120-170 elemental charges, and the equilibrium heights increase by approximately 0.3-2 m. We found that dust particles could not levitate stably at a critical SZA, and the critical SZAs for the four types of dust particles are 28°, 76°,85.8°, and 89.6°, respectively (arranged in order of decreasing work function). These results indicated that the equilibrium heights, equilibrium currents, and critical SZAs all have an inverse relationship with the work functions of dust particles as the SZA varies from 0°to 90°. In addition, a higher photoelectron density in areas with lower work functions results in smaller energy losses, causing dust particles to take longer to reach equilibrium, which means the equilibrium time follows the same pattern as that of the work function.
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Keywords:
- Moon /
- Dust levitation /
- Work function
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