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Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs), which are characterized by spiral phase，donut-shaped intensity profile and inhomogeneous polarization of a light beam carrying spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), have a constant bright ring radius and ring width that are unaffected by changes in their carrying topological charge (TC)，enabling them highly valuable in many optical fields. Metasurfaces, as planar optical devices composed of subwavelength nanostructures, can precisely control the phase, polarization, and amplitude of electromagnetic waves, providing a revolutionary solution for integrated vector field manipulation devices. However, existing metasurfaces still encounter significant challenges in generating high-capacity, polarization- and orbital angular momentum-independent controlled perfect vector vortex beams. To address this issue, this work utilizes a spin-multiplexed scheme based on pure geometric phase modulation on a metasurface platform to achieve high-capacity polarization- and OAM-independent controlled PVVBs. The metasurfaces with a combined phase profile of a spiral phase plate, an axicon, and a focusing (Fourier) lens are spatially encoded by rectangular Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) nanopillar with various orientations on a CaF2 square substrate. When illuminated by circularly polarized light with opposite chirality, the metasurfaces can generate diverse perfect vector vortex beams (PVBs) with arbitrary topological charges. For linearly polarized incidence, the metasurface was employed to induce PVVBs by coherently superposing PVBs with spin-opposite OAM modes. The polarization states and polarization orders of the generated PVVBs can be flexibly customized by controlling the initial phase difference, amplitude ratio, and topological charges of the two orthogonal PVB components. Notably, through precise design of the metasurface's phase distribution and the propagation path of the generated beams, space and polarization multiplexing can be realized in a compact manner of spatial PVVB arrays, significantly increasing both information channels and dimensions for the development of vortex communication capacity. Based on this, we demonstrated an innovative optical information encryption scheme using a single metasurface to encode personalized polarization states and OAM in parallel channels embedded within multiple PVVBs. This work aims to establish an ultra-compact, robust platform for generating multi-channel high-capacity polarization- and OAM-independent controlled PVVBs in the mid-infrared range, and promote their applications in optical encryption, particle manipulation, and quantum optics.
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Keywords:
- Metasurface /
- Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) /
- Perfect vortex beams (PVBs) /
- Spin angular momentum (SAM)
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