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Radial magnetic vortices, characterized by their topological stability and nanoscale dimensions, are considered highly promising information carriers in magnetic electronic devices. However, traditional methods for reversing the polarity of radial magnetic vortices, which rely on magnetic fields or spin-polarized currents, encounter significant energy consumption issues. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel field-free control scheme based on multiferroic heterostructures, consisting of a bicomponent nanomagnet (Terfenol-D/Ni), a heavy metal layer, and a piezoelectric layer. The intrinsic symmetry-breaking property of this structure effectively disrupts the circular symmetry of the radial magnetic vortex, enabling voltage-driven polarity reversal through magnetoelectric coupling effects. MuMax3-based multi-field coupling simulations of electro-mechanical-magnetic interactions show that when the ratio of the bicomponent materials $ d _ { \rm T D } : d _ { \rm Ni } = 1 : 2 $ and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) coefficient (D) is within the range of $ 1 . 2\; {\rm m J / m ^ { 2 } } < D < 1 . 9\; {\rm m J / m ^ {2}} $, the system stably presents a radial magnetic vortex state. Within this DMI coefficient range, when the thickness of the bicomponent nanomagnet is less than 4 nm, an appropriate radius can be found to ensure that the ground state of the bicomponent nanomagnet is a radial magnetic vortex state. Particularly, when the thickness t = 1 nm, the radius of the bicomponent nanomagnet can remain in the radial magnetic vortex state within the range of 50 ± 10 nm. In addition, this study also verified that both square and elliptical bicomponent nanomagnets have a ground state of radial magnetic vortices. When $ D = 1.7\;{\rm m J / m ^ {2}} $, only a 90 mV voltage pulse is required to achieve polarity reversal of the bicomponent nanomagnet, with a total energy consumption per bit Etotal of 5.6 aJ, which is six orders of magnitude lower than traditional methods (reaching the aJ level). Through transient magnetization dynamics simulation and energy evolution analysis, the study reveals the physical mechanism of polarity reversal of radial magnetic vortices in this bicomponent multiferroic heterostructure: the energy competition in the bimaterial system driven by strain leads to the reconfiguration of magnetic moments, achieving efficient and ultra-low energy consumption polarity reversal. This scheme provides a new path for on-chip integration of magnetic vortex memory and opens up a new paradigm for the design of non-current-driven “electric write” magnetic storage devices, which has significant application value in the field of low-power spintronics.
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Keywords:
- Radial magnetic vortex /
- Strain-driven /
- Nanomagnet /
- Magnetoelectric coupling
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图 1 辐射状磁涡旋示意图
Figure 1. Diagram of magnetic radial vortex
图 2 双组分多铁纳磁体
Figure 2. Diagram of bicomponent multiferroic nanomagnets
图 3 不同比例双组分纳磁体的基态
Figure 3. Ground states of bicomponent nanomagnets with different ratios
图 4 材料比例为$ d _ { \rm T D } : d _ { \rm Ni } = 1 : 2 $, 不同DMI系数下双组分纳磁体的基态
Figure 4. Ground states of the bicomponent nanomagnets with different DMI factors when the material ratio is $ d _ { \rm T D } : d _ { \rm Ni } = 1 : 2 $
图 5 双组分纳磁体的直径和厚度对辐射状磁涡旋状态的影响
Figure 5. The influence of the diameter and thickness of bicomponent nanomagnets on the state of radial magnetic vortices
图 6 不同形状的辐射状磁涡旋
Figure 6. Radiating magnetic vortices of different shapes
图 7 应力作用10 ns后三种纳磁体的磁化状态
Figure 7. Magnetization states of three types of nanomagnets after 10 ns of stress action
图 8 应变时钟作用下双组分纳磁体归一化磁化分量$ m _ {\rm z} $和斯格明子数S随时间的变化
Figure 8. Variation with time of the normalized magnetization component $ m _ {\rm z} $ and the skyrmion number S of a bicomponent nanomagnet under the action of a strain clock
图 9 应变时钟作用下MRV极性翻转过程能量变化和瞬态图
Figure 9. Energy variation and transient diagram of the polarity inversion process of MRV under the action of strain clock
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