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近年原子核反应能量(包括核衰变能)的精密测定的累积,使我们有可能单独从核反应能的测量来确定轻原子核的质量。本文用近似的最小二乘统计平差,由原子核实验数据得出从中子到Ca41各同位素的原子量。主要结果如下:(1)由核反应能导出的、质量差2D2-He4的数值和质谱测定的比较,给质量和能量联系公式,E=mc2,提供了最精确的实验证明。准确度为1/6000。(2)从A=1到41一共79个同位素的原子量(表8),和统计平差后的Q值(表1)。这是现在由原子核转变的数据所能得到的,一组最可几的质量值。主要的质量是:n=1.008 9842(±17),H1=1.008 1440(±17),D2=2.014 7381(±29),He4=4.003 8732(±21),C12=12.003 807(±5),S32=31.982 188(±26),Ca40=39.975 204(±39)。(3)本文所得的结果显示作者所用的方法,在现阶段原子核实验知识的限度下,和全盘的最小二乘平差方法具有同样意义,达到同等的精密度,而手续较为简单有利,且便于发现实验结果中的系统偏差。(4)核反应能测定和最近质谱测定的比较表明,对于H1,D2,He4的质量,这两种方法已经符合。至于C12的质量,则仍有确定的差异;S32和Ca40则两种测定差异较大,尚未一致。The masses of nuclei from n to Ca41 have been derived from nuclear Q values exclusively, without recourse to mass spectrometric results, by an approximate least-squares adjustment. Main results are:(1) The comparison of the value of the mass difference 2D2-He4 derived from nuclear data with that from mass spectrometric data furnishes the most accurate experimental verification of the relation E=mc2. The accuracy of this verification is 1/6000.(2) Tables are given for the most probable mass values from nuclear data of the 79 nuclei from n to Ca41. Fundamental mass differences are n-H1=0.7824±0.001Mev, n+H1-D2=2.2255±0.0015Mev,2H1-D2=1.4431±0.0018Mev, 2D2-He4=23.840±0.004Mev. Mass values include n=1.008 9842(±17),H1=1.008 1440(±17),D2=2.014 7381(±29),He4=4.003 8732(±21),C12=12.003 807(±5),S32=31.982 188(±26),Ca40=39.975 204(±39) (3) The result of the present calculation demonstrates that the method used by the author, within the limitations of present-day nuclear experiments, has the same significance as an overall least-squares adjustment, attains same degree of accuracy, but is simpler in procedure and more convenient in the examination of the experimental results for systematic errors.(4) Comparison of nuclear results with recent mass spectrometric results shows that the masses of H1 and D2 are in agreement for the two systems, but definite discrepancy exists for C12 and much larger ones for S32 and Ca40.
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