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Large mode area photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted much attention, owing to their applications in such as high power delivery, high power fibre amplifiers and fiber lasers. As an ideal candidate for fabricating mid-infrared fibers, chalcogenide glass possesses some unique advantages, such as high refractive indices (2.0-3.5), low photon energies (lower than 350 cm-1), tailorable compositions, and large infrared transmission window(from 1.0 to 20 μm). In this paper, we present a novel type of effectively single-mode chalcogenide glass Ge20Sb15Se65PCF with utra-large mode area as well as small confinement loss (lower than 0.1 dB/m for the fundamental mode, high confinement loss exceeding 2 dB/m for the higher-order mode at 10.6 μm).
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Keywords:
- chalcogenide glass /
- large mode area /
- infrared photonic crystal fiber /
- structural design
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[2] Carter A, Samson B N, Tankala K, Machewirth D P, Khitrov V, Manyam U H, Gonthier F, Seguin F 2005 Proc. SPIE 5647 561
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[4] Limpert J, Liem A, Reich M, Schreiber T, Nolte S, Zellmer H, Tunnermann A 2004 Opt. Express 12 1313
[5] Shirakawa A, Ohta J, Musha M, Musha M, Ueda K 2005 Opt. Express 13 1221
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[7] Limpert J, Deguil-Robin N, Manek-Hönninger I, Salin F 2005 Opt. Express 13 1055
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[12] Zhang X, Hu M L, Song Y J, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1863 (in Chinese) [张鑫, 胡明列, 宋有健,柴路, 王清月2010 物理学报 59 1863]
[13] Wang Q Y, Hu M L, Song Y J, Liu Q W, Liu B W, Zhang C, Li Y, Chai L 2007 Chin. J. Laser 34 1603 (in Chinese) [王清月, 胡明列, 宋有建,刘庆文, 刘博文, 张弛, 李毅, 柴路2007 中国激光 34 1603]
[14] Chen G, Jiang Z W, Peng J G, Li H Q, Dai N L, Li J Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 144206 (in Chinese) [陈瑰, 蒋作文, 彭景刚, 李海清, 戴能利, 李进延 2012 物理学报 61 144206]
[15] Florian J, Fabian S, Cesar J, Jens L, Andreas T 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4546
[16] Tsuchida Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2007 Opt. Express 15 1794
[17] Guo Y Y, Hou L T 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4036 (in Chinese) [郭艳艳, 侯蓝田2010 物理学报 59 4036]
[18] Dai S X, Yu X Y, Zhang W, Lin C G, Song B A, Wang X S, Liu Y X, Xu T F, Nie Q H 2011 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48 90602 (in Chinese) [戴世勋, 於杏燕, 张巍, 林常规, 宋宝安, 刘永兴, 徐铁锋, 聂秋华2011 激光与光电子学进展 48 90602]
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[20] Shaw L, Sanghera J, Aggarwal I 2003 Opt. Express 11 3455
[21] Sanghera J S, Shaw L B, Pureza P, Nguyen V Q, Gibson D, Busse L, Aggarwal I 2010 Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 1 296
[22] Liu S, Li S G, Fu B, Zhou H S, Feng R P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 0342171 (in Chinese) [刘硕, 李曙光， 付博, 周洪松, 冯荣普2011 物理学报 60 0342171]
[23] Wang X Y, Li S G, Liu S, Zhang L, Yin G B, Feng R P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 0642131 (in Chinese) [王晓琰, 李曙光, 刘硕, 张磊, 尹国冰, 冯荣普 2011 物理学报 60 0642131]
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[25] Sakamoto T, Mori T, Yamamoto T, Ma L, Hanzawa N, Aozasa S, Tsujikawa K, Tomita S 2011 Opt. Express 19 B478
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[27] Brilland L, Charpentier F, Troles J, Bureau B, Boussard-Plédel C, Adam J L, Méchin D, Trégoat D 2009 Proc. SPIE 7503 750358
[28] De Sario M, Mescia L, Prudenzano F, Smektala F, Deseveday F, Nazabal V, Troles J, Brilland L 2009 Opt. Laser Technol. 41 99
[29] Traynor N, Monteville A, Provino L, Landais D, Le Goffic O, Nguyen T N, Chartier T, Tregoat D 2009 Travers J. C Fiber Integr. Opt. 28 51
[30] Désévédavy F, Renversez G, Troles J, Brilland L, Houizot P, Coulombier Q, Smektala F, Traynor N, Adam J 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3860
[31] Conseil C, Coulombier Q, Boussard-Plédel C, Renversez G, Mechin D, Bureau B, Dam J L, Lucas J 2011 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357 2480
[32] Ademgil H, Haxha S 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 1514
[33] Haxha S, Ademgil H 2008 Opt. Commun. 281 278
[34] William S W, Peng X, Joseph M M, Dong L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2855
[35] White T P, Kuhlmey B T,Mcphedran R C, Maystre D, Renversez G, Martijn G, Botten L C 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 2322
[36] Kuhlmey B T, White T P, Maystre D, Renversez G, Botten L C, Martijn G, Mcphedran R C 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 2331
[37] Fini J 2005 Opt. Express 13 3477
[38] Saitoh K, Florous N J, Murao T, Koshiba M 2006 Opt. Express 14 7342
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[1] Limpert J, Schreiber T, Liem A, Nolte A, Zellmer H 2003 Opt. Express 11 2982
[2] Carter A, Samson B N, Tankala K, Machewirth D P, Khitrov V, Manyam U H, Gonthier F, Seguin F 2005 Proc. SPIE 5647 561
[3] Knight J C, Birks T A, Cregan R F, Russell P S J, Sandro J P D 1998 Electron. Lett. 34 1347
[4] Limpert J, Liem A, Reich M, Schreiber T, Nolte S, Zellmer H, Tunnermann A 2004 Opt. Express 12 1313
[5] Shirakawa A, Ohta J, Musha M, Musha M, Ueda K 2005 Opt. Express 13 1221
[6] Limpert J, Schreiber T, Nolte S, Zellmer H, Tunnermann A 2003 Opt. Express 11 818
[7] Limpert J, Deguil-Robin N, Manek-Hönninger I, Salin F 2005 Opt. Express 13 1055
[8] Zhao Z Y, Duan K L, Wang J M, Zhao W, Wang Y S 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6335 (in Chinese) [赵振宇, 段开椋, 王建明, 赵卫,王屹山2008 物理学报 57 6335]
[9] Liu B W, Hu M L, Song Y J, Li Y, Liu H G, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2010 Chin. J. Laser 37 2415 (in Chinese) [刘博文, 胡明列, 宋有建, 李毅, 刘华刚, 柴路, 王清月2010 中国激光 37 2415]
[10] Liu B W, Hu M L, Song Y J, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6921 (in Chinese) [刘博文, 胡明列, 宋有建, 柴路, 王清月2008 物理学报 57 6921]
[11] Zhang C, Hu M L, Song Y J, Zhang X, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7727 (in Chinese) [张驰, 胡明列, 宋有建, 张鑫, 柴路, 王清月2009 物理学报 58 7727]
[12] Zhang X, Hu M L, Song Y J, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1863 (in Chinese) [张鑫, 胡明列, 宋有健,柴路, 王清月2010 物理学报 59 1863]
[13] Wang Q Y, Hu M L, Song Y J, Liu Q W, Liu B W, Zhang C, Li Y, Chai L 2007 Chin. J. Laser 34 1603 (in Chinese) [王清月, 胡明列, 宋有建,刘庆文, 刘博文, 张弛, 李毅, 柴路2007 中国激光 34 1603]
[14] Chen G, Jiang Z W, Peng J G, Li H Q, Dai N L, Li J Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 144206 (in Chinese) [陈瑰, 蒋作文, 彭景刚, 李海清, 戴能利, 李进延 2012 物理学报 61 144206]
[15] Florian J, Fabian S, Cesar J, Jens L, Andreas T 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4546
[16] Tsuchida Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2007 Opt. Express 15 1794
[17] Guo Y Y, Hou L T 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4036 (in Chinese) [郭艳艳, 侯蓝田2010 物理学报 59 4036]
[18] Dai S X, Yu X Y, Zhang W, Lin C G, Song B A, Wang X S, Liu Y X, Xu T F, Nie Q H 2011 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48 90602 (in Chinese) [戴世勋, 於杏燕, 张巍, 林常规, 宋宝安, 刘永兴, 徐铁锋, 聂秋华2011 激光与光电子学进展 48 90602]
[19] Monro T M, West Y D, Hewak D W, Brodcrick N G R, Richardson D J 2000 Electron. Lett. 36 1998
[20] Shaw L, Sanghera J, Aggarwal I 2003 Opt. Express 11 3455
[21] Sanghera J S, Shaw L B, Pureza P, Nguyen V Q, Gibson D, Busse L, Aggarwal I 2010 Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 1 296
[22] Liu S, Li S G, Fu B, Zhou H S, Feng R P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 0342171 (in Chinese) [刘硕, 李曙光， 付博, 周洪松, 冯荣普2011 物理学报 60 0342171]
[23] Wang X Y, Li S G, Liu S, Zhang L, Yin G B, Feng R P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 0642131 (in Chinese) [王晓琰, 李曙光, 刘硕, 张磊, 尹国冰, 冯荣普 2011 物理学报 60 0642131]
[24] Troles J, Coulombier Q, Canat G, Duhant M, Renard W Toupin W, Calvez L, Renversez G, Smektala F, Amraoui M E I, Adam J L, Chartier T, Mechin D, Brilland L 2010 Opt. Express 18 26647
[25] Sakamoto T, Mori T, Yamamoto T, Ma L, Hanzawa N, Aozasa S, Tsujikawa K, Tomita S 2011 Opt. Express 19 B478
[26] El-Amraoui M, Fatome J, Jules J C, Kibler B, Gadret G, Fortier C, Smektala F, Skripatchev I, Polacchini C F, Messaddeq Y, Troles J, Brilland L, Szpulak M, Renversez G 2010 Opt. Express 18 4547
[27] Brilland L, Charpentier F, Troles J, Bureau B, Boussard-Plédel C, Adam J L, Méchin D, Trégoat D 2009 Proc. SPIE 7503 750358
[28] De Sario M, Mescia L, Prudenzano F, Smektala F, Deseveday F, Nazabal V, Troles J, Brilland L 2009 Opt. Laser Technol. 41 99
[29] Traynor N, Monteville A, Provino L, Landais D, Le Goffic O, Nguyen T N, Chartier T, Tregoat D 2009 Travers J. C Fiber Integr. Opt. 28 51
[30] Désévédavy F, Renversez G, Troles J, Brilland L, Houizot P, Coulombier Q, Smektala F, Traynor N, Adam J 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3860
[31] Conseil C, Coulombier Q, Boussard-Plédel C, Renversez G, Mechin D, Bureau B, Dam J L, Lucas J 2011 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357 2480
[32] Ademgil H, Haxha S 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 1514
[33] Haxha S, Ademgil H 2008 Opt. Commun. 281 278
[34] William S W, Peng X, Joseph M M, Dong L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2855
[35] White T P, Kuhlmey B T,Mcphedran R C, Maystre D, Renversez G, Martijn G, Botten L C 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 2322
[36] Kuhlmey B T, White T P, Maystre D, Renversez G, Botten L C, Martijn G, Mcphedran R C 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 2331
[37] Fini J 2005 Opt. Express 13 3477
[38] Saitoh K, Florous N J, Murao T, Koshiba M 2006 Opt. Express 14 7342
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