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在空间尺度上简化冷原子实验装置, 有利于实验室空间的充分利用, 特别有助于提高冷原子系统在航天、精密测量领域中的空间利用率. 本文采用四组永磁铁产生的磁场构造了用于冷却俘获中性钠原子的二维磁光阱, 并且利用磁铁组在竖直方向的剩磁分布实现了原子的塞曼冷却. 钠原子在二维磁光阱中进一步冷却俘获, 这为处于高真空的三维磁光阱提供了一个高效的原子束流. 实验上通过优化塞曼冷却和二维磁光阱的参数, 测得三维磁光阱中最大的原子装载率达2.3 × 109/s, 实现了6.2 × 109个原子的俘获. 这种采用永磁铁的二维磁光阱设计, 结构简单紧凑, 有助于提高实验室的空间利用率. 此方案可以推广到冷却俘获其他中性原子.It is helpful to make full use of the laboratory space by simplifying the cold atom experimental system, especially in the area of aerospace and precision measurement. We present a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2DMOT) for sodium atoms, whose magnetic field is produced by four sets of permanent magnets, and the residual field in the vertical direction is used for a Zeeman slower. The atoms are cooled and trapped in a 2DMOT which provides a highly efficient atomic flux for three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3DMOT) in a high-vacuum chamber. The maximum 3DMOT loading rate is measured to be 2.3 × 109/s by optimizing the parameters of the Zeeman slower and the 2DMOT. The atom number trapped in 3DMOT is 6.2 × 109. The 2DMOT designed by using permanent magnets has the property of compact structure and simple size, which can be used to cool and trap other neutral atoms.
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图 1 (a)真空系统示意图; (b)二维磁光阱的实验装置(插图为沿y轴观测到的原子团); (c) D2线钠原子的冷却方案
Fig. 1. (a) Diagram of the vacuum system; (b) schematic diagram of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2DMOT), the insert shows the observed atoms along y axis; (c) sodium cooling scheme on the D2 line.
图 2 (a)二维磁光阱的磁场分布模拟图; (b), (c), (d)分别是yz平面、xz平面、xy平面的磁场分布模拟图(图(b)中分别标出了沿着y轴和z轴磁场变化)
Fig. 2. (a) Magnetic field distribution in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap; (b), (c), (d) are the magnetic field distribution in yz plane, xz plane and xy plane, (The curves in panel (b) shows the magnetic field change along y-axis and z-axis).
图 3 打开和关闭塞曼减速光两种情形下的三维磁光阱中原子装载曲线
Fig. 3. Atom loading curves in three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3DMOT) with and without the Zeeman slower beam.
图 4 装载率L随二维磁光阱冷却光功率P (a)和频率失谐
$\varDelta $ (b)的变化Fig. 4. Loading rate versus the power P (a) and frequency detuning
$\varDelta $ (b) of the cooling beams in two-dimensional magneto-optical trap. -
[1] Bloch I, Dalibard J, Nascimbene S 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 267
Google Scholar
[2] Bloch I, Dalibard J, Zwerger W 2008 Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 885
Google Scholar
[3] Zhang Z D, Yao K X, Feng L, Hu J Z, Chin C 2019 arXiv: 1909.05536 [quant-ph]
[4] Jaksch D, Zoller P 2005 Ann. Phys. 315 52
Google Scholar
[5] Jo G B, Lee Y R, Choi J H, Christensen C A, Kim T H, Thywissen J H, Pritchard D E, Ketterle W 2009 Science 325 1521
Google Scholar
[6] Lewenstein M, Sanpera A, Ahufinger V, Damski B, Sen(De) A, Sen U 2007 Adv. Phys. 56 243
Google Scholar
[7] Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Zelevinsky T, Foreman S M, Blatt S, Notcutt M, Ido T, Ye J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 033003
Google Scholar
[8] Takamoto M, Hong F L, Higashi R, Katori H 2005 Nature 435 321
Google Scholar
[9] 武跃龙, 李睿, 芮扬, 姜海峰, 武海斌 2018 物理学报 67 163201
Google Scholar
Wu Y L, Li R, Rui Y, Jiang H F, Wu H B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 163201
Google Scholar
[10] 孟增明, 黄良辉, 彭鹏, 陈良超, 樊浩, 王鹏军, 张靖 2015 物理学报 64 243202
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Meng Z M, Huang L H, Peng P, Chen L C, Fan H, Wang P J, Zhang J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 243202
Google Scholar
[11] Xu X T, Wang Z Y, Jiao R H, Yi C R, Sun W, Chen S 2019 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90 054708
Google Scholar
[12] 孙晓洁, 寇军, 张笑楠, 曹建勋, 邓意成, 卢向东 2018 量子光学学报 24 25
Google Scholar
Sun X J, Kou J, Zhang X N, Cao J X, Deng Y C, Lu X D 2018 Acta Sin. Quantum Opt. 24 25
Google Scholar
[13] Yang J L, Long Y, Gao W W, Jin L, Zuo Z C, Wang R Q 2018 Chin. Phys. Lett. 35 033701
Google Scholar
[14] Jiang J, Zhao L, Webb M, Jiang N, Yang H, Liu Y 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 033620
Google Scholar
[15] Xu K, Liu Y, Abo-Shaeer J R, Mukaiyama T, Chin J K, Miller D E, Ketterle W, Jones K M, Tiesinga E 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 043604
Google Scholar
[16] Hu J Z, Urvoy A, Vendeiro Z, Crépel V, Chen W L, Vuletić V 2017 Science 358 1078
Google Scholar
[17] Urvoy A, Vendeiro Z, Ramette J, Adiyatullin A, Vuletić V 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 203202
Google Scholar
[18] Barker D S, Norrgard E B, Klimov N N, Fedchak J A, Scherschligt J, Eckel S 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 11 064023
Google Scholar
[19] 杨威, 孙大立, 周林, 王谨, 詹明生 2014 物理学报 63 153701
Google Scholar
Yang W, Sun D L, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhan M S 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 153701
Google Scholar
[20] 王心亮, 马结, 王靖斌, 田晓, 高峰, 张首刚, 常宏 2011 量子光学学报 17 124
Google Scholar
Wang X L, Ma J, Wang J B, Tian X, Gao F, Zhang S G, Chang H 2011 Acta Sin. Quantum Opt. 17 124
Google Scholar
[21] Youn S H, Lu M W, Ray U, Lev B L 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043425
Google Scholar
[22] Pandey K, Rathod K D, Singh A K, Natarajan V 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043429
Google Scholar
[23] Reinaudi G, Osborn C B, Bega K, Zelevinsky T 2012 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29 729
Google Scholar
[24] Ovchinnikov Y B 2008 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 163 95
Google Scholar
[25] Groth S, Krüger P, Wildermuth S, Folman R, Fernholz T, Schmiedmayer J 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 2980
Google Scholar
[26] Folman R, Krueger P, Schmiedmayer J, Denschlag J, Henkel C 2002 Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 263
Google Scholar
[27] Tiecke T G, Gensemer S D, Ludewig A, Walraven J T M 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 013409
Google Scholar
[28] Lamporesi G, Donadello S, Serafini S, Ferrari G 2013 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 063102
Google Scholar
[29] Castilho1 P C M, Pedrozo-Peñafel E, Gutierrez E M, Mazo P L, Roati G, Farias K M, Bagnato V S 2019 Laser Phys. Lett. 16 035501
Google Scholar
[30] Nosske I, Couturier L, Hu F, Tan C Z, Qiao C, Blume J, Jiang Y H, Chen P, Weidemüller M 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 053415
Google Scholar
[31] Li K, Zhang D F, Gao T Y, Peng S G, Jiang K J 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 013419
Google Scholar
[32] Steck D A http://steck.us/alkalidata [2019-11-14]
[33] 任珂娜, 师振莲, 孟增明, 王鹏军 2018 山西大学学报 41 153
Ren K N, Shi Z L, Meng Z M, Wang P J 2018 Journal of Shanxi University 41 153
[34] 王义遒 2007 原子的激光冷却与陷俘 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第304页
Wang Y Q 2007 The Atomic Laser Cools And Traps (Vol. 1) (Beijing: Peking University Press) p304 (in Chinese)
[35] Townsend C G, Edwards N H, Cooper C J, Zetie K P, Foot C J, Steane A M, Szriftgiser P, Perrin H, Dalibard J 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 1423
Google Scholar
[36] Marcassa L G, Helmersony K, Tuboy A M, Milori D M B P, Muniz S R, Flemming J, Z′ılio S C, Bagnato V S 1996 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 3051
Google Scholar
[37] Marcassa L, Bagnato V, Wang Y, Tsao C, Weiner J, Dulieu O, Band Y B, Julienne P S 1993 Phys. Rev. A 47 R4563
Google Scholar
[38] Telles G, Ishikawa T, Gibbs M, Raman C 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 032710
Google Scholar
-
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